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Article type: Cover
1984Volume 343 Pages
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Published: September 30, 1984
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Article type: Cover
1984Volume 343 Pages
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Published: September 30, 1984
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Article type: Index
1984Volume 343 Pages
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Published: September 30, 1984
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Article type: Index
1984Volume 343 Pages
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TAKAKAZU OOI
Article type: Article
1984Volume 343 Pages
1-12
Published: September 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The hydration rate of portland cement within the concrete test cylinders, cured under various temperature conditions and age, were studied here by X-ray diffraction analysis, to make comparison with strength development of the concrete. The concrete specimens for X-ray diffraction analysis were sampled from standard test cylinders, immediately after the mechanical tests had finished. For all the efforts to reject unnecessary aggregate particles, a random amount of mixture into the specimen was inevitable, and it caused severe difficulty to the quantitative X-ray analysis by inner standardization procedure. To avoid this difficulty, two attempts were successfully introduced. The first is the derivntion of formulas as eqs. (11) and (12), to calculate hydration rate of cement directly from measured data of X-ray diffraction intensity. And the second is a statistical regression analysis to eliminate the influences of intermixed aggregate on the diffraction intensity measurements. By applying these methods to the experimental data, the hydration rate of cement in the concrete specimens, with the same results by hardened cement paste specimens to compare, were obtained as shown in Fig. 9 and Fig. 4, respectively. The comparisons of mechanical properties of concrete to the progress of cement hydration are then obtained as Fig. 10 to Fig. 14. These results indicate that the relations are generally not linearly proportional. The methods of analysis introduced here will be conductive to the further studies.
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AKIRA MATSUMURA
Article type: Article
1984Volume 343 Pages
13-23
Published: September 30, 1984
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This report shows the results of an investigation by experimental analysis regarding the shear strength and behavior of structural members made of Autoclaved Lightweight Cellular Concrete (abbreviated as ALC) with reinforcing bars. The tests included 54 members without web reinforcement and 49 members with web reinforcement subjected to bending moment and shear. Shear strength of members has shown lower values within the range of larger shear-span ratio, and its tendency continued even in the range of the ratio value exceeding 10. Stirrup effectiveness of members was also relatively lower than that of ordinary reinforced concrete members. With the latest of the author's own test results, as well as those of other earlier researchers, the formulas which give the estimates on the shear cracking and ultimate shear strength of members, and also the effectiveness of stirrups in members, are presented by the author in this report.
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RYOICHI SHOHARA, BEN KATO
Article type: Article
1984Volume 343 Pages
24-31
Published: September 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Ultimate strength of multi-storied RC shear walls is analyzed based on the concept of a diagonal compression field. In this theory it is assumed that shear walls resist to external forces with the co-operation of "beam" and "arch" mechanism. The flexural behavior of multi-storied shear walls under earthquake loading is the combination of bending and shear mode, and the moment pattern of them differ considerbly from that of beam-columns of moment frames the behavior of which is dominated by shear mode, and the theoretical analysis of which was presented by writers previously. In this paper, some modification are made to writers analytical model for beam-columns to reflect the mentioned difference of moment pattern for shear walls. Using this modified model, the ultimate strength of shear walls is analyzed, and the parameters such as shear reinforcement ratio, concrete strength, moment pattern, axialforce and etc which affect the ultimate strength are examined. Though this theory is simple and ultimate strength is calculated using few parameters such as dimensions of the shear wall and uniaxial strength of the concrete and the steel, the correlation between this theory and test results of more than 170 specimens is satisfactory.
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YOSHIKAZU KITAGAWA, YOSHIAKI NAGATAKI, TOSHIHIDE KASHIMA
Article type: Article
1984Volume 343 Pages
32-41
Published: September 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The dynamic response analyses in both the elastic and inelastic ranges were done by use of a lumped mass model with and without the effects of strain rate and stress relaxation. The modified D-Trilinear model in which stiffness and strength are determined from the measured test data and the Maxwell Visco-elastic model was applied for the hystresis rule. The results obtained from two different experimental procedure such as statical and dynamic one, and analytical results were compared. The validity of modelling for the restoring force characteristics was inverstigated. As a result, a good agreement among these resluts can be observed if the measured stiffness and strength of test specimen is used and consideration is given to the effects of strain rate and stress relaxation. It is pointed out in case of discussion on earthquake performance of structure from response analysis that the restoring force charateristics with the effects of strain rate and stress relaxation should be evaluated accurately.
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TAIJIRO NONAKA
Article type: Article
1984Volume 343 Pages
42-50
Published: September 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Axially loaded members play an important role in such structures as trusses or braced frames. Clarification of the performance of these structures requires the knowledge of the load-deformation characteristics of the members. Plastic action in axially loaded members ordinarily takes precedence over flexurally loaded members because of the predominance in stiffness of the former over the latter. An axially resistant member in such a structure is often subjected to variable repeated loading; loads due to winds, earthquakes, cranes, transportation vehicles and some machine parts are applied repeatedly in nature, and they may act in different or opposite directions. The member may buckle under compression, deform plastically, but may partially recover in a subsequent tension. It may undergo plastic elongation and as a result become loosened, reducing the overall stiffness of the structure. This series of investigations is concerned with the analytic behaviour of a prismatic elastic-plastic bar of an effective length subjected primarily to repeated axial loading, tension and/or compression. In the present paper, Part 3, examples of analytic behaviour are presented in the form of charts to clarify characteristic features in the hysteretic behaviour of axial-force carrying structural members and of braced frames. Final discussion includes words of caution on the applicability of the closed-form formulation established in this series of theoretical studies.
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MITSUHARU HIRASAWA
Article type: Article
1984Volume 343 Pages
51-61
Published: September 30, 1984
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A solution for the displacement in a multilayered medium subjected to dynamic and static loading in its interior is presented. It is shown that the displacement can be calculated by two kinds of transfer matrix which are 'layer field matrix' and 'layer boundary matrix'. The influence of the external loading is included in the 'layer boundary matrix'. The size of these matrices are 5×5 for the P- and SV-waves and 3×3 for the SH-waves. In order to verify the solution, comparisons with existing solutions which are the Lamb's, Mindlin's and Matsoka-Yahata's solution were performed for some particular cases. As a result it is shown that the solution in this paper agrees with these existing solutions.
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KOICHIRO HEKI
Article type: Article
1984Volume 343 Pages
62-68
Published: September 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The equations and analytical methods for the elastic buckling of periodic modes of periodic shape lattice structures have been presented by Hutchinson et al. and Anderson. But, their objects are simple grids of one node units. So in this paper the method for the bifurcation from uniform prebuckling state for the general lattice structures constructed of congruent units of arbitrary degrees of freedom of motion, such as double layer lattice plates, are developed, considering the property of periodic pattrns on the lattice. The buckling equation is separated by using the property of periodic modes into orthogonal patterns of different wave length in the form of finite Fourier series. But, the sine and cosine type modes of the same wave length are coupled. So, generally the buckling load is determined from the eigenvalue of a 2b×2b matrix, where b is the degrees of freedom of motion of the constituent structural unit. But, for the cases of uniform modes or periodic modes upon two structural units the matrix becomes b×b.
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TEISUKE SUEOKA, SHINICHI SUGINAGA, MASAMI HANAI
Article type: Article
1984Volume 343 Pages
69-78
Published: September 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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A new numerical method for rectangular plate bending analysis is proposed. The present method is based on the following two assumptions as (1) use of the modified potential energy principle, (2) and extension of general idea of the displacement function for the finite element method, in which the displacement of a element is expressed as a function of nodal displacement parameters of its element and the adjacent element. This method may be useful for reduction of total numbers of the displacement parameters and easily applied for the analysis of shallow shells under distributed loads.
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MITSUO MOROZUMI
Article type: Article
1984Volume 343 Pages
79-90
Published: September 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Relocation of ambulance station is a complex problem involving a large number of factors, both tangible and intangible. This paper has presented a heuristic planning method which has been beveloped to identify an effective solution to such problem for the kumamoto city. Using the length of time from phone call to an ambulance authority to a patient's arrival at a medical facility, Hospital Time, as a surrogate for patients outcome measure, four planning objectives has been developed. Because the location mndel has applied large network which contains 13, 939 nodes and 36, 956 links (two ways), close analysis on gegraphic conditions has become possible. Computational results for the kumamoto city has proved that the planning method developed in this paper can be used as an effective tool for location studies.
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MOTOO ANDO
Article type: Article
1984Volume 343 Pages
91-98
Published: September 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The Purpose of this paper is to evaluate the works of buildings gathered small-scaled factories critically for improvement of mixed land use areas environment. The Contents of this paper are as follows ; (1) Actual conditions of the works of buildings gathered small-scaled factories. (2) Types of the works of buildings gathered small-scaled factories. (3) An evaluation of the quality of the works of buildings gathered small-scaled factories for improvement of conditions factory building, common use facility and mixed land use areas environment.
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AKIRA YAMAMOTO
Article type: Article
1984Volume 343 Pages
99-109
Published: September 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This is the second report of study on the planning of wholesale market. In this paper, two phenomena are clarified; the first is that the circulation of fruits and vegetables controlled under wholesale markets are the phenomena which are according to population, and also the phenomena which are hierarchical circulation network. The second is that the trading area of fruits is more spacious than that of vegetables. Concidering these phenomena and confirming the probable technigue for cluster analysis, I assorted 200 cities into 7 types as follows ; 1) low growth and subordinate, 2) biased to fruits, 3) subordinate and declining, 4) high density but declining on vegetables, 5) high density and grown on fruits, 6) high density and central, 7) high growth.
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HISAO KATSURA, KYOUSUKE AOKI
Article type: Article
1984Volume 343 Pages
110-120
Published: September 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Our object in this paper is to make it clear that the distribution of places where children are playing is composed of two diferent distributions. In this study, we find that most of places where children are playing are included in the territories around their houses. And we try to show that the distribution of places where children are playing is composed of the distribution of distances from a child own house to playing-places in his territory around his house and of the distribution of distances from his house to playing-places in his friend's territory around his friend's house. The resolts in this study are as follows; (1) In cases that a child play alone or play with members of his each family, most of his playing-places are included in a circle area (a radius of 60 meters from his house). In cases that a child play with their friends, most of his playing-places are included in a cirele area (a radius of 60 meters from his house or from his friend's house). (2) The relation between distributions is as follow : Z=b_x×X+b_y×Y Z : The distribution of distances from child own house to playing-places X : The distribution of distances from child own house to playing-places in child own territory around his house Y : The distribution of distances from child own house to playing-places in friend's territory around friend's house b_x : A ratio of X b_y : A ratio of Y
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YASUFUMI TOMIOKA, NORIOKI ISHIMARU
Article type: Article
1984Volume 343 Pages
121-130
Published: September 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper makes clear the utilization of common forest in agricultural mountain village and its role in ones life, from the stand on agricultural planning whose purpose is preservation and improvement of living environments. In the same like to Part 1, this part treat two villages at Chugoku mountains in Hiroshima prefecture as examples. And it grasps the range charactor of common forests, and the charactors of content and utilization of profits from the common forest. Following these, it clarifies three roles of form, i. e. "Living Foundation", "Afforest Awakening", and "Leading Promotion Instead of Conclusion". Then on each, this also considers the situation in the area, scale of common forest, posession form, afforestation form, and labor form.
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SHINYA MIWA
Article type: Article
1984Volume 343 Pages
131-142
Published: September 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The process of gathering and building materials, maintaining a house and dismantling it, can be called the architectural metabolism. This process has much weight with the household, communal or urban activity. In this study, time of concern is selected as index to survey the relationship between the architectural metabolism and the related communal activity. An islandal society of Yonaguni with 2188 residents which is located in the south-west end of Ryukyu Islands, is selected for the survey area. Time of concern is classified into three categories, domestic, communal and market time, and houses are also classified into three types : thatch roofed wooden house (THWH), tile roofed wooden house (TIWH) and reinforced concrete house (RCH). The data refering to time of concern were gathered in Sonae in 1979. Data sources consisted of hearing survey, census and materials of town office. Hearing data were gathered from home owners of each type houses, craftsmen and the oldest inhabitants. Time of concern spent on building and maintaining each type of houses are shown on the number of participants multiplied by the number of days spent by them. The results of investigation can be summarized as follows. (1) Total time of concern needed throughout lifecycle of a house increases in the order of THWH, TIWH, RCH. If household time needs to get income, a part of which should be spent for materials purchase is added to the time, total household time increases in same order. Time spent by communal labor and by craftsmen becomes maxium in case of TIWH and minimum in RCH. (2) In order to evaluate the historical change of housing metabolism, four models are assumed : (a) all of the houses are THWH's (b) TIWH's. (c) mixture of three types. and (d) RCH's, whereas the population and the number of houses in the island are assumed to be constant. Time directly spent by household decreases in order of (a), (b), (c), (d), but total time spent in household becomes maximum in (d). Time spent by communal labor or claftsmen is maximum in model (b). Total time for participating is maximum in (c), that indicates the present state of the numerical composition of the houses. From these results the proplems which would arise in future are; (1) an increase of load of communal labor because of population, (2) difficulty of building TIWH because of the rising cost of the housing materials, (3) unsuitableness of TIWH, which need much maintenance time, (4) heavy load of cost of building RCH. Some proposals which are made in conclusion are on the requirements of planning houses in near future to improve the problems of the time structure.
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TOSHIO ASANO
Article type: Article
1984Volume 343 Pages
143-152
Published: September 30, 1984
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The part I of the present paper makes a perspective-analysis of the compositional structures of Brunelleschi's two major church architectures, San Lorenzo and Santo Spirito. The two works show, complementing each other, the whole system of the architect's design method, and in their structures' similarity and dissimilarity a slight transitional step to the modification of the method. Principal conclusions are as follows, [1] A set of perspective ratios (1 : 1 : 1…) and (1 : 1/2 : 1/3…) was integrally made clear of in both works' analyses. The ratios had been already but separately shown in our previous analyses of the Old Sacristy and the Portico dell' Ospedale degli Innocenti. [2] The "element-form", a compositional unity consisting of a pair of orders and a round arch which applies to the perspective ratios, is exactly the same in the compositions of the Old Sacristy, the Portico, and the San Lorenzo in its original projection. [3] In the composition of Santo Spirito, the sense of the "element-form", a priori determined and common to all compositional forms, received a modification, and here can be traced clearly a transitional step from the early to the later stage of this architect's design method.
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HARUHIKO FUJITA
Article type: Article
1984Volume 343 Pages
153-161
Published: September 30, 1984
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HIROYUKI NIWA
Article type: Article
1984Volume 343 Pages
162-168
Published: September 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This study intended to make clear systematically on the Buddhist temple and architecture of initial temple of the Nichiren sect. In this paper, the outlook of the Buddhist temple considered to intended by Nichiren was elucidated by Nichiren's wrightings and epistles from the view point of direction of religious life included both faces of the doctrine and behavior. Clarified items were arranged as follows. 1. The "Moji-Mandala" as the principal image, which was proposed by Nichiren had became a foundation of disposition of the Buddhist temple. This "Moji-Mandala" has following features. (a) The "Moji-Mandala" is externalization of the ritual place shown in the chapter of "Hoto" in the Lotus Sutra, which was preached by Shakyamuni. (b) The "Moji-Mandala" has the composition that many pairs of Buddhas, Buddhist saints, Gods and others are arranged oppositely, sitting the Lotus Sutra at center as the subject. (c) The solid disposition of the "Moji-Mandala" are decided as that, sitting the Lotus Sutra at center, the right side is upper seat and the left side is lower seat. 2. Nichiren regarded the ordination platform of "Shakumon" in "Hiei-san Enryaku-ji temple", and he had an idea to built the ordination platform of "Honmon" vis-a-vis to this. But he did not given suggestion to it's form. After death of Nichiren, the ordination platform was succeeded to Nikko, Nichiro and other disciples as the doxy of the tangible ordination platform. 3. Nichiren attached importance to the heavenly Gods (Sun, Moon, Venus and others), "Jurasetsu-nyo" of Buddhism and Japanese peculiar two Gods of the Grand Shrine to the Sun-Goddes and Hachiman Shrine, as guardian deities. After death of Nichiren, the hall were built to deify these guardian deity. And these guardian deity were transformed to the God, which subsumed immesurable Gods, cmbined with belief to "Sanjuban-jin" by Nichizo. 4. Nichiren built "Daibo" on the "Minobu-san" as the place of behavior and which was equally called "Hokke-do".
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KOICHI IIBUCHI
Article type: Article
1984Volume 343 Pages
169-178
Published: September 30, 1984
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1984Volume 343 Pages
179-180
Published: September 30, 1984
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1984Volume 343 Pages
180-
Published: September 30, 1984
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Article type: Appendix
1984Volume 343 Pages
App1-
Published: September 30, 1984
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Article type: Cover
1984Volume 343 Pages
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