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Article type: Cover
1977Volume 262 Pages
Cover1-
Published: December 30, 1977
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Article type: Cover
1977Volume 262 Pages
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Published: December 30, 1977
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Article type: Appendix
1977Volume 262 Pages
App1-
Published: December 30, 1977
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Article type: Index
1977Volume 262 Pages
Toc1-
Published: December 30, 1977
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Article type: Appendix
1977Volume 262 Pages
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Published: December 30, 1977
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SAKICHI OHGISHI, KOICHI KISHITANI, HISAJI OSHIMA, YOSHIO KOSAKA, TOYOK ...
Article type: Article
1977Volume 262 Pages
1-11
Published: December 30, 1977
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YASUO TANIGAWA, KAZUO YAMADA
Article type: Article
1977Volume 262 Pages
13-21
Published: December 30, 1977
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The purpose of the present study is to examine the effect of the size and type of aggregate on the size effect in the compressive strength of concrete. River sand and gravel, glass ball and an artificial lightweight aggregate were used for aggregate. The following conclusions were obtained by the experimental study. 1) The compressive strength of normal-weight concrete and glass ball concrete is closely related to the ratio of the diameter of specimen to that of aggregate (D/d) but the compressive strength of lightweight aggregate concrete is not necessarily related to the geometrical heterogeneity of concrete system expressed by the D/d ratio. 2) The compressive strength of normal-weight concrete and glass ball concrete increases with the increase of the size of specimen, provided that the value of D/d is smaller than about 8. 3) The size effect in the compressive strength of concrete is expressed by the product of the effect of D/d ratio and the size effect in the compressive strength of mortar matrix. 4) The phenomenon that the strength increases with the increase of the size of specimen is likely to result from that the total length of cracks involved in the failure process of the specimen increases with the increasing size of specimen.
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KAZUNOBU HIRAI
Article type: Article
1977Volume 262 Pages
23-31
Published: December 30, 1977
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This paper in the first place indicates a concept of the scaling of freezing and thawing mortar and concrete, secondly discrives the effect of the rate of cooling on the scaling of mortars. The results obtained are summarized as follows, 1) Initial cycle of the scaling is affected by the mortar composition and the rate of cooling. 2) Scaling of mortars under the rapid rate conditions is more little than that under the slow rate conditions. 3) Scaling quantity is affected by the mortar composition and air contents. 4) Under the condition of the experimental results, effective factors of the scaling are water cement ratio, air contents and strength of materials and the rate of cooling on the experimental conditions.
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KOICHI KISHITANI, TAKAYUKI HIRAI
Article type: Article
1977Volume 262 Pages
33-41
Published: December 30, 1977
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This paper is to follow the provious part 8 in which the relations between the improved properties of particle or fiber reinforced matrices and the structural performances of members was theoretically studied. In this paper the experimental study to examine the theoretical results shown in the previous part 8 are reported and concluded as follows. The experimental study support the theoretical analysis that as a result of the advanced properties of the particle or fiber reinforced matrices on the tensile strength and the toughness in compression, the performances of the beam are improved on the crack initiation load, the shearing strength and the absorbing energy until fracture. These results are particular concerning with the fiber reinforcement of the matrix. While it is not indicated in the results of the theoretical analysis the experimental results shows the rigidity of the beam is improved by the fiber reinforcement of the matrix.
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HIROSHI NOGUCHI
Article type: Article
1977Volume 262 Pages
43-52
Published: December 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In this paper an analytical model is developed to simulate crack initiation and propagation which is one of the most fundamental characteristics of reinforced concrete. The model is designed as follows. The ratio of the maximum principal stress to the modulus of rupture is designated the "crack ratio". The decision of which neighboring elements should be separated by a crack is based upon that the crack ratio is maximum over 1.0 at their common "side point". Once it has been determined that a crack should form along a particular grid line, the grid line is relocated perpendicular to the maximum principal stress and new nodes are introduced to express the new crack along the grid line. The discussion is made about the applicability of this analytical model by finite element calculations. The results are as follows : 1) The results of Analysis 1-1 in which crack initiation and propagation are considered obtain good agreement with the results of Analysis 1-2 in which cracks are preformed according to the crack pattern of Analysis 1-1. 2) The bond-slip model developed in the previous papers, Part 2 and Part 3, is introduced into this model and discussed by the linear analysis of a simple beam. When the bond is assumed to be nearly perfect, cracking is observed in a wide range, but in case of the nearly no bond only the flexural crack is propagated at the critical section. 3) The nonlinear bond-slip model is introduced into this model. From the analytical results of a simple beam, the following are recognized. (1) The less stress is transferred by the bond, the higher the flexural shear cracking load comes to be. (2) The pull out of the main bar and the dowel action are observed with the opening of the flexural shear crack. (3) When the flexural shear crack is propagated, the strain distribution of the main bar becomes uniform between the critical section and the crack surface. (4) There are two zones where the strain of hoop does not increase. These correspond to the previous experiments and theories.
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KATSUKI TAKIGUCHI
Article type: Article
1977Volume 262 Pages
53-59
Published: December 30, 1977
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This is subsequent paper to the previous one published in this transactions No.249, and deals with the experiments on RC specimens with bond reinforced by deformed bars and RC specimens without bond made by covering the deformed bars with paraffin wax under bending moment and shearing force. The following points were clarified by the experimental results and some discussions. (1) In RC members without bond subjected to bending moment and shearing force, only cracks perpendicular to the member's axis occured at the points of maximum bending moment or at the supported points grow wide and diagonal cracks do not grow wide, in case that the shear span's ratio a/d is not too small. (2) In RC members subjected to bending moment and shearing force, due to bond being lost, compressive force transmitted by reinforcing bar becomes small and compressive force loaded to concrete becomes large. (3) RC members subjected to bending moment and shearing force in which only cracks perpendicular to the member's axis grow wide do not fail suddenly. (4) Hysteretic characteristics of RC members subjected to bending moment and shearing force come near slip type due to bond being lost.
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SUKENOBU TANI, SETSURO NOMURA, TOMOYA NAGASAKA, AKIRA HIRAMATSU
Article type: Article
1977Volume 262 Pages
61-72
Published: December 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In this report, an analytical method is described by which restoring force characterestics of a reinforced concrete framed structure can be statically pursued on the basis of some material properties obtained from simple tests on the test pieces without any test on the structure, and the results obtained by applying the method to several models are compared from various aspects with the experimental results. In this method, a structural member is regarded as an assembly of several stiffness segments, into which mechanical properties of the materials are reflected, to be able to consider interactions between a bending moment and an axial force in a section of the member on the stiffness and the bearing capacity. After all, it is concluded that it is able to pursue elastic-plastic behaviors of reinforced concrete framed structures as shown in some experiments by means of the method, and that it is very useful for considering and examining general reinforced concrete framed structures subjected to reversible cyclic loads such as seismic forces.
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Kiyoshi Ban, Katsuhiko Imai
Article type: Article
1977Volume 262 Pages
73-82
Published: December 30, 1977
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MINORU WAKABAYASHI, CHIAKI MATSUI, ISAO MITANI
Article type: Article
1977Volume 262 Pages
83-92
Published: December 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Cyclic behavior of a steel brace elastically restrained at both ends was studied experimentally. The specimens were manufactured by shaping SS 41 mild steel sheet. Ratio of member length l to radius gyration of the cross section i, stiffness of rotational restraining spring at both ends, eccentricity of a load and shape of the cross section were varied in this test. The results may be summarized as follows, 1) Value of l/i and existence of restraining springs influence on the cyclic axial load-displacement curves remarkably. 2) Under the identical value of l/i, the plastic energy absorption capacity of a restrained brace is considerably larger than one of a pin supported brace. 3) Also under the identical value of l_k/i, the ratio of the effective buckling length l_k depending on the end restraints to i, the plastic energy absorption capacity of a restrained brace is larger than one of a pin supported brace. 4) As the stiffness of restraining spring increases the value of magnification factors α that explain the effects of end restraints on the cyclic behavior of braces under the identical value of l_k/i decreased. 5) Eccentricity of a load does not hardly influence on the cyclic behavior of a brace, expect for the difference in the maximum compression load attained in the initiate loading.
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OSAMU MATSUOKA, SEIJI TESHIGAWARA
Article type: Article
1977Volume 262 Pages
93-101
Published: December 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper is concerned with the applications of Boussinesq's problem of a transversely-isotropy. A normal stressσ_z is very important for evaluation of settlement. So using the previous results (Part II), the authors show the stresses for following normal loads. 1) Infinite line loading. 2) Finite line loading. 3) Uniformly distributed loads on a circular area. 4) Uniformly distributed loads on an infinite strip. 5) Uniformly distributed loads on a rectangular area. From above results, when various normal loads act to the surface of a transversely-isotropy, it is possible to estimate the distributions of vertical stress and deformation of it.
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MASAAKI TAKEI, MASAKI OHARA
Article type: Article
1977Volume 262 Pages
103-113
Published: December 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In this paper, PART-2 in a series of Experimental Study on Measurement of a Sense of Oppression by a Building in Experiment III, by means of the quantitative treatments of sensation-psychometrical treatments, we mention about the sellection process of the physical value that has the most suitable and explanatory ability for the psychological content of the sense of oppression caused by a building. As a general result, it was obtained that the sense of oppression is explained by a look of a building shape, namely the solid angle factor of a building. However, it became clear through further analysis that the configuration factor-the value that weights height element-is more suitable and explanatory physical value for a sense of oppression than the solid angle factor of a building. Experiment IV is the trial of the proposal of the equation for estimating the sense of oppression by means of the statistical process. Considering strictly the data obtained from Experiment III, we found the limiting the object of the study into a housing area rather than into any other areas is to be most essential for this study. In Experiment IV, by classifying the housing area into three typical patterns, we could indicate the most fitting and stable correlation between a sense of oppression and the configuration factor. Besides, in this Experiment IV, we adopted the composed picture method, namely montage method, therefore, we could control the situation and the physical value. As a result, in spite of the difference among three typical housing areas, the equation for estimating the sense of oppression caused by a building in housing area is indicated as follows; ψ=30.2c^<0.80> where, ψ : a sense of oppression caused by a building c : configuration factor of a building The contents of this paper are indicated below : 1. Introduction 2. Sellection process of physical value-stimulus variable 3. Experiment III : Relation between physical value and the sense of oppression by a building a) Solid angle factor of a building shape b) Discussion on a visual field c) Solid angle factor and a sense of oppression d) Relation of a sense of oppression to configuration factor 4. Experiment IV : A sense of oppression by a building in housing area a) Method of this experiment b) Result 1. Effectiveness of the evaluation of a sense of oppression c) Result 2. Surroundings in housing area and a sense of oppression d) Result 3. Psychological consideration of a sense of oppression 5. Conclusion of this paper
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KAORU NISHIKAWA, SHIGERU UCHIDA, NOBUO MATSUNAGA
Article type: Article
1977Volume 262 Pages
115-122
Published: December 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The contents of this part of our studies, part 5, are the computation of the building gross-density in various cases of a few site patterns in the enclosure type of right angle, the analysis of relation between the scale of a block of the enclosure and the building gross-density, and the comparison of the building gross-density in the parallel site pattern with in the enclosure type of right angle. As the results, first, comparing with the building Net-density, the variation of the value of the building. Gross-density in various cases is decreased, second, in case of 14 and 20 floors buildings, the scale of a block has nothing to do with the gross-density. Finally, the value of gross-density in the enclosure [type of right angle comes near the onein the parallel site pattern.
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SHIRO AOKI, YOSHIRO YAMAMURA
Article type: Article
1977Volume 262 Pages
123-129
Published: December 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The purpose of this report is to analize the spatial structure of urbanization in Kanto-Tohoku district of Japan. This district has an area of 99176(km)^2 and a population 42000000. The study covered such variables on pupulation as : Population change, 1965-70, Density of population (per. sq. kilometer), persons per households, ratio of aged population 65 and over to children under 15 (%), % of population by time of last move after 1965, % in primary industry, % in white-collar, professional and managerial occupation, Rate of increase from 1965 to 70 in primary industry, Rate of increase from 1965 to 70 in secondary industry, Rate increase from 1965 to 70 in tertiary industry. As a result, these variables are commonly related to the following phases of urbanization : Stage 1. Acceleration from rural side to urban side, Stage 2. Class organization by conflicts between cities, Stage 3. Extra-regionalization by influence of metropolis, Stage 4. Regression (i.e. decentralization, deconcentralization and reorganization of regional structure).
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MUNEYUKI OKUDA
Article type: Article
1977Volume 262 Pages
131-141
Published: December 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Technology made great progress before. Recently it is said that technical inovation is stagnant. But technolgy changes different. It can't cease from now on. It Changes on account of its own structure. In changes of every kinds of technology, the common and definite mechanism can be found out. The purpose of this paper makes clear the mechanism of technical change. It is not simple, so in order to recognize it, analyses from various points of view are necessary. But in this paper the next three problems are considerd as the introduction to the theory of technical change. (1) How does technical change occur? (2) What course does it follow? (3) Which direction does it go to? As the method of analysis, the models expressing the phenomena are considered. In real world the phenomena are organized by almost infinite valiables, but the models are constituted by the selected them through the work of the inductive abstraction. There are various kinds of types in models. To grasp the object with quantity, it is desireble to constitute the mathematical model. But it can't possibly for this theme, and it's not necessary. In this paper the chart models are composed. Though the extents, which each defines, of architetural technology are different, in this paper the object to consider is a vast extent of technology being related with architecture, and not only technology on the production in a narrow sense.
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SHINGO TAMAKI
Article type: Article
1977Volume 262 Pages
143-148
Published: December 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper relates to the conclusion of Basic Study On public Housing, part 1-part 8. However, though finishing the series of this analyses, it would still be necessary to more study on the following themes, that is ; 1. What position should the public housing takes in the comprehensive housing policy? 2. What role should the public housing plays in different local housing condition? 3. How should the classification in public housing, that is, the first class and the second class, be?
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Article type: Bibliography
1977Volume 262 Pages
148-
Published: December 30, 1977
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SEIROKU OTA
Article type: Article
1977Volume 262 Pages
149-155
Published: December 30, 1977
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I proved that the first temple of Hachiman-zukuri style is the Hime-ogami's Temple among three temples of USA Shrine.
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TORU HATSUDA
Article type: Article
1977Volume 262 Pages
157-164
Published: December 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The objective of this study is to show historical characters of the Mitsui-gumi House at Suruga-cho that mixed the European style with the Japanese style in the early Meiji Era. A summary will be given as follows; 1) The House was built in 1874 as the head office of the Mitsui-gumi. 2) The owner wanted to use for the House both the European style and the Shachihoko that was an element of Japanese castles in the feudal times. 3) The House was built by Kisuke Shimizu who was the master carpenter. 4) Kisuke Shimizu was interested in the style and structure of European houses.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1977Volume 262 Pages
165-
Published: December 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1977Volume 262 Pages
165-166
Published: December 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1977Volume 262 Pages
166-167
Published: December 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1977Volume 262 Pages
167-
Published: December 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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