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Article type: Cover
1975 Volume 228 Pages
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Published: February 28, 1975
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Article type: Cover
1975 Volume 228 Pages
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Published: February 28, 1975
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Article type: Index
1975 Volume 228 Pages
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Published: February 28, 1975
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Article type: Appendix
1975 Volume 228 Pages
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Published: February 28, 1975
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YOSHIO KOSAKA, YASUO TANIGAWA, FUKUO OOTA
Article type: Article
1975 Volume 228 Pages
1-11,149
Published: February 28, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The purpose of this investigation is to examine the effect of the strength and surface condition of coarse aggregate on the fracture of concrete under uniaxial compression. The two-phase model specimens consisted of a cylindrical coarse aggregate and mortar matrix were used to simplify the study. Three kinds of compressive strength and five kinds of surface condition were provided for coarse aggregates. The following conclusions were obtained by this investigation. 1) Regardless of the surface roughness of aggregate, the fracture process of model concrete with an aggregate whose compressive strength (Fca) is smaller than that of mortar matrix (Fcm) was as follows; (1) initiation of bond crack between aggregate and mortar matrix, (2) tensile cracking of mortar matrix and aggregate parallel to the longitudinal axis, (3) local compressive failure of aggregate and (4) failure of model concrete. 2) The fracture process of model concrete with an aggregate whose strength is larger than that of mortar matrix was as follows; (1) initiation of bond crack, (2) tensile cracking of mortar matrix, (3) local compressive failure of mortar matrix at the vicinity of aggregate and (4) failure of model concrete. 3) The compressive strength (Fcc) of model concrete increases with the increase of the value of Fca in the range of Fca/Fcm<1, but never increases in the range of Fca/Fcm>1, regardless of the surface ronghness of coarse aggregate.
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MANLEY ST. DENIS, MASAKAZU OZAKI
Article type: Article
1975 Volume 228 Pages
13-23,149
Published: February 28, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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SKIRO KATO, MASARU MURATA, OSAMU MATSUOKA
Article type: Article
1975 Volume 228 Pages
25-30,150
Published: February 28, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The object of the present paper is to formulate the the efficient method for the nonlinear dynamic analyses of rotational shells by the combined use of the finite element method and the mode superposition method. The effects of the geometrical imperfections are taken into consideration. In the Part 2, a shallow spherical cap having a clamped edge subjected to the lateral pressure is analysed for λ=5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 and the results are compared to be in fair agreement with those given by other authers. The shell subjected to the simultaneous dynamical action of a uniform pressure and a concentrated load on the apex with various ratio is investigated and the results show the large amount of reducction of the dynamic buckling load due to a slight concentrated load. The interaction formula for the dynamic buckling of the lateral pressure and the concetrated load is discussed.
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K. MUTO, T. SUGANO, H. UENO, N. INOUE
Article type: Article
1975 Volume 228 Pages
31-37,150
Published: February 28, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Recent earthquakes have caused extensive damage to non-structural elements of buildings such as elevators, electrical equipment, communication systems etc. Elevators especially were significantly damaged by the Alaska earthquake (1964) and the San Fernando earthquake (1971). The typical pattern of the damage is as follows : During the early stage of an earthquake, the counterweights bend or break their roller guides and deform their rails. Consequently, they are thrown out of their rails and as the earthquake progresses the derailed counterweights inflict additional damage on guide rails, brackets, spreader beams and cars. In this paper, dynamic analysis methods which compute the behavior of moving elevators during an earthquake are described. And the high-speed sample elevators (υ=9m/sec) installed in one tall building of 55 stories are analyzed. The results show that maximum acceleration induced in the elevator is amplified 3〜4 times from maximum ground acceleration when the elevator is in the lower stories of the building and this amplification factor decreases as the elevator reaches the upper stories. The maximum acceleration of the elevator while in motion or stationary is not highly affected.
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SUKENOAU TANI, SETSURO NOMURA, TOMOYA NAGASAKA, AKIRA HIRAMATSU
Article type: Article
1975 Volume 228 Pages
39-48,151
Published: February 28, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Influences of various factors which consist of restoreing force characteristics of reinforced concrete on earthquake response, especially on the maximum displacement are discussed using the NCL model given in the former report. Steady-state responses to sinusoidal excitation are preliminary stated. Factors of the restoreing force characteristics examined in this paper are expressions to modelize the skeleton curve, maximum shear force level, the area and the figure of normalized characteristic loop. Maximum shear force level and the area of normalized characteristic loop are most important facters which influence on the maximum displacement response. At the same time it is difficult to judge generally whether the response values are safety side or not if the model hysteretic curves do not resemle to those of real structures.
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TAKEKAZU TAGUCHI, AKIRA SASAGAWA, TSUGIO MINOSHIMA
Article type: Article
1975 Volume 228 Pages
49-55,151
Published: February 28, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper is a theoretical study on beam-to-column connections in steel square-tube columns. In the first, we assume that the boundaries of the square-tube cross section consist of two hypotrocoids. And then, we simplify beam-to-column connections to unti-symmetrical cantilevers and discuss bending of a steel squaretube cantilever by a force applied at the virtual free end of it. In the analysis of this problem, we apply Saint-Venant's flexure theory. We assume that normal stresses over a cross section are distributed in the same manner as in the case of pure bending, and assume that there are two shearing stress components and other three stress components are zero. With these assumptions, we can find the functions of shearing stress components which satisfy the equations of equilibrium, the boundary conditions and the compatibility equations. But, the wall thickness of the cross section the boundories of which consist of two hypotrocoids is not equal at each point of the cross section because of the character of hypotrocoids. Accordingly, we assume that the thickness of each element of the cross section is equal to it on the neutral axis. With this assumption, we can obtain an approximate solution for the shearing stress distribution of square-tube the wall thickness of which is equal at each point of the cross section. Further, the shapes of the cross section bounded by two hypotrocoids vary by the values of variable. Namely, square-tube becomes concentric circles by degrees. Then, we discuss the differences of shearing stress distributions by the variation of shapes of hollow cross sections. In consequence, we can find that in the case of square-tube the maximum value of shearing stress occurs at the outside of the boundary of the cross section on the neutral axis, and on the contrary in the case of concentric circles it occurs at the inside of the boundary of the cross section on the neutral axis.
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TOSHIRO SUZUKI, KENICHIRO TAMAMATSU, ISAO KUBODERA, KENJI OKUTA
Article type: Article
1975 Volume 228 Pages
57-64,152
Published: February 28, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The experimental study was made on the elasto-plastic behavior of tensile braced rigid frame for the purpose of obtaining restoring force characeristics of low steel structures. Alternating horizontal force is applied at the point of second floor under a constant vertical load, paying attention to the behavior of two columns subjected to varing axial forces. Test specimens are consisted of one-story one-bay rigid frames with wide frange sections and braces of round steel bars. Relations between shear force and displacement in each column were investigated by numerical analysis. According to this theoretical results, the elastc-plastic behavior of two columns are obviously different; one is subjected to additional tensile force and the other by additional compressive force. From these results, it is found that the restoring force characteristics of braced frames are stable but hysteresis loops in each columm become unstable because of the additional compressive force.
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YASUNAGA FUKUCHI, MASANORI OGURA
Article type: Article
1975 Volume 228 Pages
65-71,152
Published: February 28, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Flange local buckling is one of the important factor to decide the critical strength and deformation capacity of H-shape beams. So the b/t ratios of flanges are proposed with regard to the plastic design methods. But they are generally proposed as the results of monotony loading tests. Accordingly, the investigation under cyclic loading is required. This report is the experimental investigation to know how to influence the strength and the deformation capacity of the H-hape beams under cyclic loads for flange local bucklings. Specimens are the H-shape beams in fig. 1. Their sizes and sections are listed in table 1. The kinds of b/t ratio are four, that is, b/t=15, 12, 10 and 8. In the ratio of cyclic loads, the kinds are five, that is, monotony loading, 1 : 0.6 cyclic loading, 1 : 0 cyclic loading, 1 : 1 cyclic loading (Load Control) and 1 : 1 cyclic loading (Deflection Controll). Test results are shown in table 3 and table 4. The relationships between load and deflection are shown in fig.6 to fig.23. Fig.24 shows (1/2) θ_M/θ_P-b/t relationships. θ_M/θ_P is the value in the table 4. From the experimental investigation in this report, next terms are concluded. 1. About AA-series (b/t=15), the deformation capacity in the plastic region is little or no. 2. About A, B and C series (b/t=12, 10 and 8, respectively), the smallar b/t is, the larger the difference of rotation capacity by the kind of cyclic loading is. 3. The variation of rotation capacity is expressed in equation (1) and (2).
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YASUO NISHI, TAKEO KOZIMA, SYUNTARO HIGA, SHUNJI OKAMOTO
Article type: Article
1975 Volume 228 Pages
73-81,153
Published: February 28, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The authors of this paper have studied on the subjects given above as the title of this paper, where the representation is defined as that the area of the image is to be propotional to the solid angle of spacial form. They lead themselves to some mathematical equation to represent the elements of spacial form graphically in equi-solid anglerepresentation, and to the graphs of the images. Solid angle of a spacial form of general shape as a part of the sky viewed through a window is graphically estimated by means of estimation of the area of the image of the form. The authors have made out some graphic rules for estimation of solid angles on the graphs of the images in various types of projections and showed some of their applications. The graphic rules mentioned above are all derived from the equi-solid angle-representation. The form of the graphic rules are as follows : Equi-solid angle-representation Stereographic projection Orthographic projection Sun shine curve type Waldram's chart type Mercator's map type.
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YOSHIMI URANO, OSAMU ISHIHARA
Article type: Article
1975 Volume 228 Pages
83-88,153
Published: February 28, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In this paper, using the theoretical framework set out in the previous report (Part I), we describe the actual operation of thermal network and the results obtained from an analysis of the changes of room temperature. In order to analyse of temperature fluctuation, we set up one model room made of PARTICLE BOARD-walls 20mm. thick, 1.8 by 2.7 by 1.82 metres-one made of PLYWOOD-walls 9mm. thick, 1.8 by 2.7 by 2.25 metres-and one made of CONCRETE-walls 100mm. thick, 1.0 by 1.0 by 1.0 metres, within an artifitial-climate laboratory. The following three types of analysis from the thermal network method and experiment on the models were carried out and the results comparatively examined : (1) The change in room temperature of the model due to the heat produced by a heater set up inside the model room. (2) The change of temperature in the model caused by an increase of the temperature of the artificial-climate laboratory. (3) The change of temperature in the model when the temperature of the artificial-climate laboratory was cyclically changed.
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KAICHIRO KURIHARA, KOZO SHINOZUKA, KYOZO NAKAMURA, [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1975 Volume 228 Pages
89-99,154
Published: February 28, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This is the eighth report of the fundamental investigations for the planning of the public library system to community area. The paper describes the way of planning the library system to community area according to our theories which had been carried out since the first report. We present here to plan the library system actually, as a case study, to actual urban area Hirakata-shi, which have aprox. 300 thousands population in 64.5<km>^2. As the results, we give the place of service points on the map, such as branch libraries, stations of bookmobile, while the adequate number of books, number of new books, areas of floor space, number of personells etc. are given. In addition, the financial cost for the services are calculated on each case of the planning levels, by which the local authority can judge and decide the planning level for their public library system.
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AKO YOSHIDA, TOMOKATSU HASHIMOTO, AKIRA YOSHIDA, YUICHIRO NAKA
Article type: Article
1975 Volume 228 Pages
101-112,154
Published: February 28, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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SHIGEKAZU SUGIYAMA, SHIGEBUMI SUZUKI
Article type: Article
1975 Volume 228 Pages
113-118,154
Published: February 28, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Plans for public housing should be modified to meet varied needs of its occupier but needs are not static as family circumstances are constantly changing. New plans to be proposed should satispy not only varied needs but also changes of needs. We started the research to make its variety and change clear. Conclusions are as follows; (1) The conventional plan, so called "3 DK", does not provides adequate space for varied family life. A lot of people rearrange the living area to suit their needs. (2) The way of life changes radically over 3〜5 year period when the first baby enters school. During that period husband and wife often sleep separately. It seems to be the result of small main bed room. (3) Majority of residents move furnitures, especially clothes cabinet, to meet changes of circumstances. Furnitures thus moved are often put with no regard to the use of the room. This is due to the improper arrangement of rooms. By the above couclusions we propose adaptable living units with flexible walls. Its details are to be studied as our next subject.
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JINICHIRO YABUTA
Article type: Article
1975 Volume 228 Pages
119-124,155
Published: February 28, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The objective of this study is to throw light on the conditions of stable population growth in the hinterlands of medium size cities, making analysis on the changes in population and employment mix in 20 city regions in Chubu region in Japan. The facts found are : (1) All city regions show decentralization of employment in secondary industry but it does not necessarily lead population to increase in hinterlands though it checks depopulation to some extent. (2) Population is more increased by the employment increase in tertiary industry than secondary in the municipalities with the population size above certain level (about 10, 000 inhabitants). (3) Population change in acity region depends on the increase of jobs which can absorb young workers. On the contrary, current trend is the rapid increase of jobs for middle/old aged workers in secondary industry. Some planning implications extracted from the points mentioned above are : (1) Tertiary industry should be paid more attention not only because it has attractiveness to young workers but because it is the economic base for stable population increase in the communities with the population size above certain level, if tertiary industry rather than secondary is more equivalent to the concept of "Minimum required employment mix as cannot exist without the certain level of population agglomeration in terms of size and density" that thesis 1 has dealt with. (2) At the same time, such settlement pattern as indicated by population size/density should be studied not only as the reference materials for physical planning but as the precondition for economic base in both central cities and hinterlands.
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MASAHIKO SATO
Article type: Article
1975 Volume 228 Pages
125-132,155
Published: February 28, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Table of Contents Introduction Chapter I : Outline of chief events (of the year) at Kasuga Shrine. II : The function of Buildings other than the Four Main Shrines and the Smaller ones judged by the chief events at the Kasuga Shrine. §1 : The function of Heiden (the offering hall) & Maidono (dancing stage) of the Main Shrine. §2 : The function of Naoraidono (the Banquet hall). §3 : The function of Utsushidono (used to house the godly presences kept in the Four Main Shrines While these are being rebuilt). §4 : The function of the three corridors in front of the Four Main Shrines, Nenro (the inclined corridor at the west side of the Four Main Shrines) and Chumon (the south inner gate at the front of the Four Main Shrines). 1 : The function of the three corridors and Nenro. 2 : The function of Chumon. §5 : The function of Kairo (corridor) and Nanmon (the south gate). 1 : The function of Kairo (corridor). 2 : The function of Nanmon (the south gate). Conclusion This paper describes the function of buildings other than the Four Main Shrines and the Smaller ones judged on the basis of the chief events at the Kasuga Shrine in Nara.
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JURO KIKUCHI
Article type: Article
1975 Volume 228 Pages
133-138,156
Published: February 28, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Thomas James Waters built main factory and many houses of the Imperial Mint at Osaka in early Meiji era, but his connection to the Mint and his post is clearly unknown. Succeeding to the part 1 of this study, author describe connection between T. J. Waters and the Mint by many letters at that days and documents "Zoheiryo Gonuyo Kanjiocho" and point out his post in the Mint as chief engineer.
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YOSHIO TAMAKOSHI
Article type: Article
1975 Volume 228 Pages
139-148,156
Published: February 28, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Der Aufsatz hat den Zweck, durch die Untersuchung des Geburtsorts die Bedeutung und Struktur des Wohnorts als Umwelt des Daseins herauszufinden. In der Heian-Zeit (8-12 J. H.) gewohnlich entwickelt sich die Entbindungs-stube mit verschiedenen Geraten im Wohnhaus, das damals zu mutterlichseitingen Verwandten gehort. Aber wegen der Dokumente (hauptsachlich Tagebucher der Aristokraten) beschrankt sich hier der Bereich der Untersuchung auf die kaiserlichen und aristokratischen Familien. Man richtet die Entbindungsstube, Shiromi-cho (Weisses Bett mit Baldachin) ein mit Beginn der Geburtswehen, womit sich die Frau an ihrem Leib verandert, um mit der jenseitigen Welt oder dem Tod in Verbindung zu treten. Deshalb konnte Mono-no-ke (Geist des Lebenendes od. des Toten) diese Frau verzaubern, die ermordert wurde, wenn man ihn aus ihr mit magischen Gebeten nicht vertreiben liesse. Es folgt daraus, dass das Kind auch aus dem Jenseits oder dem Jenseits und Diesseits vorangehende Chaos entspringt. Der Einrichtung des weissen Betts sind verschiedenartige buddistische und shintoistische Rituale vorangegangen, um die wohlbehaltene Geburt zu sichern, z.B. die rituelle Kleidung ihres Gurtels, die Wahl der glucklichen Zeit ihrer Ausfuhrung und verschiedene Gebete. Auch diese Rituale mogen nur wirksam werden, wenn es darin irgend-welche Bezuge zwischen Jenseits und Diesseits gibt. Es ist also auszusagen, dass zwishen beiden Seiten Shiro-mi-cho zu finden ist, wo die Frau mit verandertem Leib gebiert. Darum eben wird dieses Bett nicht nur sehr sorgfaltig mit den Ritualen eingerichtet, sondern auch mit Shiro-kabe-shiro (weissem Tuchsvorhang), Misu (Bambussvorhang) und Shiro-kicho (beweglichem Schutzgerat von weissem Tuch) umschlossen, d.h. dass der geschlossene Raum, Muro, entsteht. Muro kann also das Verhaltnis der beiden Welten unterstutzen. In der spateren Phase der Heian-Zeit wird die Formalitat des Geburtsorts festgelegt : Gosan-goza (Geburtsort mit funf Tatami-matten und einigen Ueberzugen) und Shiro-micho sind getrennt, die beide normalerweise in Moya (Zentralzimmer im Wohnhaus) errichtet werden. Shiro-micho wird nach der Geburt von Kind und Mutter gebraucht und Gosan-goza ist fur den gleichen Zweck wie ehmalige Shiro-micho vorgelegt. Aber jetzt wird Shiro-micho besonders fur die Ausbildung der Umwelt des Kinds benutzt, weil das Bett selbst die magisch wirkende Kraft fur das Leben haben kann. Das Seiende im Bett bedeutet die Ausbildung der Lebensordnung (=Umwelt). Es wurde damals geglaubt, dass das Kind als die Zusammenfugung etwa von Himmel und Erde geboren wird. Diese Lebensordnung ist also von Himmel und Erde. Zwar das ganze Wohnhaus wird wahrend sieben Tagen nach der Geburt stark unter Mono-imi gehaltet und den sich darin Aufhaltenden ist verboten, mit der Aussenwelt zu verkehren. Es gibt auch verschiedene Zeremonien in dieser Zeit. Das heisst, diese Ordnung des Kinds wird durch diese Zeremonien nach und nach aufgebaut. Das Wohnhaus hat die bestimmte gewohnliche Ortsstruktur, z.B. formale Seit auf der Orientierung, Tief-Rand-Richtung, Oben-Unten-Richtung der Stande usw. Diese Richtungen sind im Geburtsort zusammenzogen, d. i. dieser Ort steht am obersten und am tiefsten. Aber hier-durch wird die Ordnung originar aufgebaut, deshalb bekommt die gewohnliche Ortsstruktur des Wohnhauses schon ihre Grundlage aus diesem Ort. Der Geburtsort ist originar.
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