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Article type: Cover
1982 Volume 319 Pages
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Published: September 30, 1982
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Article type: Cover
1982 Volume 319 Pages
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Published: September 30, 1982
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Article type: Index
1982 Volume 319 Pages
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Published: September 30, 1982
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Article type: Appendix
1982 Volume 319 Pages
App1-
Published: September 30, 1982
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CHIAKI MATSUI, SHOSUKE MORINO, YASUHIRO UCHIDA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 319 Pages
1-10
Published: September 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Static behavior of H-shaped beam-columns under constant axial force and alternating horizontal force acting in an arbitrary direction is studied analytically. Analysis is based on the simplified model of a cantilever column in which deformable portion is concentrated near the column base with a certain length, where the curvature is assumed constant. Accuracy of the results is examined by comparing them with the results by more exact analyses, and the basic knowledge on the behavior of elasto-plastic beam-columns is obtained, which will be utilized in the dynamic analysis of space frames. Some observations from the results are as follows : (1) The results by the present method fairly well coincide with results by other exact analyses. Therefore, the present method can be applied to the dynamic analysis of space frames. (2) The elasto-plastic beam-column under horizontal force in the arbitrary direction presents complex and quite different characteristics compared with the beam-column under in-plane loading. (3) The restoring force characteristics of beam-columns under constant axial force and alternating horizontal force in the arbitrary direction gradually approach to those under no axial force as the number of loading cycle increases. This phenomenon is the same as in case of in-plane loading.
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AKIO KAWANO, MINORU MAKINO
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 319 Pages
11-22
Published: September 30, 1982
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Energy absorption capacity of frames under severe earthquakes is required for a current design of low-rise steel frames. In this paper, the superior elasto-plastic behavior of beam-to-column connections without shear stiffening is employed for the frame energy absorption to avoid (1) damage concentration in a story of the frame during severe earthquakes, (2) member instability caused by lateral or local buckling which is apt to develop in plastic range. The effect of plastic deformation of the connections in an aseismic design of the frame is theoretically investigated herein. Some results are : (1) The energy absorption of a frame with no-shear stiffening connections corresponds to one with shear stiffening connections by giving only 1.3〜1.5 times story displacement. (2) At that story displacement, the plastic deformation of the connections without shear stiffening remains within stable region in the restoring force characteristics. (3) The aseismic design of frames depended on the energy absorption capacity of connections, that is, panelcollapse design of frames with elastic members is possible.
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MASAO TACHIKAWA, HIDEKI HARA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 319 Pages
23-31
Published: September 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Wind tunnel and free-flight drop tests were made to obtain knowledge about aerodynamic characteristics of wind borne missiles, especially about the aerodynamic forces which cause missiles to be dispersed. Lift and drag coefficients, and tip speed ratios of autorotating square and rectangular prisms obtained by the wind tunnel tests are presented and compared with Iversen's equations for autorotating flat plates. From results of the drop tests, the effective lift coefficients of various shapes which determine the range of dispersion of falling bodies are calculated. They are compared with the lift coefficients of autorotating bodies obtained by previous experiments.
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HIROSHI MAEDA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 319 Pages
32-38
Published: September 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This study is aimed to evaluate a reasonable value of snow load for the purpose of designing buildings from the data of survey. The relationship between average density and depth of snow cover is discussed. As the results, the followings are found. (1) The average density of snow cover is within the range between the minimum derived from the distribution of density of snow layer in case of heavy snow fall and the maximum from the behavior of snow cover in melting process. (2) The maximum weight of snow cover is given by the maximum curve of the average density.
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KAZUTAKA ABE, KENGO TAGAWA, MASAMI SAKAI
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 319 Pages
39-46
Published: September 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Elastic-plastic ultimate strengths of gable typed rigid frames against the symmetrically distributed vertical loads were examined using the elastic-plastic slope deflection method with the yield hinge at an eave in part (I) of this study. In actual members, there might be considerable yield regions at the stage of failure, and these regions are thought to bring about the lower buckling loads caused by the deterioration of bending stiffness than the predicted values in part (I). In part (II), we obtained a new elastic-plastic buckling analysis method considering the deetrioration of the bending stiffness caused by yield regions, and calculated the failure loads of some model frames using this new analysis method. The results of this study showed that the deterioration of the bending stiffness caused by yield regions brought about considerablly large drop of the elastic-plastic buckling load and the criterion curves showing the transition from asymmetrical buckling failure mode to symmetrical plastic mechanism shifted to more rigid side.
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SHIGERU FUJII, SHIRO MORITA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 319 Pages
47-55
Published: September 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Many experimental results have shown that splitting bond failure is the complicated phenomenon governed by many factors such as concrete cover, bar locations in a cross section, concrete strength, development length and transverse reinforcement. The purposes of this paper are to clarify the mechanism of splitting bond failure of deformed bars and to evaluate quantitatively the influences of decisive factors upon bond capacities. Main factors chosen as test variables in this study were; number, diameter and location of main bars in a cross section, and spacing, diameter and yield strength of enclosing stirrups. Tests were conducted using catilever type specimens. Based on the test results it was derived that the significant role of stirrups in bond resistance was to change the failure mode more ductile rather than to increase the ultimate strength. When appropriate stirrups were provided, the bond resistance was maintained even after concrete splitting, to allow large slip at and after peak bond stress. Using the authors' previous test data on the specimens without stirrups, the effects of stirrups on splitting bond strength were discussed. The effect of stirrups was dependent on the geometrical arrangement of longitudinal bars and stirrups in a cross section, in other words, on the splitting patterns. The use of high strength steel for stirrups was not effective to improve the bond strength. Taking account of these effects, the empirical equations for splitting bond strength were derived, which successfully described the test results. In Part 2 of this paper, the developed equations are extended to more generalized forms and verified from the applications to many test data of other investigators.
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MAMORU KIMURA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 319 Pages
56-63
Published: September 30, 1982
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It is considered that the behaviour of short columns is significantly affected by shear strain. From this view point, this report describes a method of the inelastic numerical analysis conformed to the yield criteria for steel and reinforced concrete considering the interaction of normal and shear strain. Analytically investigated items are as follows; (1) effect of shear strain, (2) distribution of normal and shear stress, and, (3) ratio of internal force, that is bending moment and axial force, sustained by the steel section and reinforced concrete section in a composite cross section. The analytical results are compared with the experimental results. Good agreement was observed between these two as far as the load is lower than the maximum load.
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SHIGERU SETOGAWA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 319 Pages
64-74
Published: September 30, 1982
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The purpose of this paper is to clarify the theoretical solution of the Dynamical Gnound Compliance (DGC) for a square foundation on the medium assumed to be semi-infinite, elastic and three or more layered, and to expenimentally estimate DGC for square reinforced concrete foundation on a layered rock ground by oscillator tests. The theoretical DGC is computed for the model of a elastic five-layered medium. The experimental model has parameters of dimension for the foundation, namely, length is 15m, height is 9m, and shear wave velocity on surfurce of medium is 500-2400m/sec. Horizontal, rotational and vertical DGC by the experiment tend to agree roughly with those by the theory generally. Especially, horizontal and vertical DGC by the experiment tend to agree with the theoretical DGC by the model of a layered medium.
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TAKESHI UCHIYAMA, YOSHIZO DOBASHI
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 319 Pages
75-83
Published: September 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In this paper it is presented a structural design of staircases with open wells. Elastic analysis of the structures are presently made using the finite element method so as to clarify their mechanical characteristics. Then these results are used in proposing some approximate design formula that may generally be available for this type of staircase.
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TOSHIO OJIMA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 319 Pages
84-89
Published: September 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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To improve effectiveness of the models, a Space Time Modular Co-ordination Chart, which divides and coordinates time and Space, was made out. In the field of Meteorology, the effort to improve theoretical equations by dividing space has been continued as seen in concepts such as Macro Climate and Micro Climate. But division of time has not been considered. Some Architects, such as Le Corbusier, also tried to introduce Space division without time coordination. It is necessary to define effective range of time for quantifying the degree of environmental corruption because evaluation should be made by and for a human being. A standard scale is also necessary. Clarifying of the standard scales makes time and space dimensionless and pattern recognition of environment possible. Fig. 1-1 shows world line of I.S.O. and Smagorinsky's model. Table 1-1 means Model iedex of Space Time Divided Chart. In Fig. 1-2, a vertical axis shows Time scale and horizontal axis shows Space scale. Uniform velocity lines are drawn in this figure. Models (H=(1)-(18), h=(1)-(18)) are shown on an uniform velocity axis centering around S-Model which is applicable to humanscale. For example H(2) Model is regarded as the Urban Model (See Fig. 1-3). In this Model the standard units of time and space are 10^5 seconds (approximately one day) and 10^2=100m. The effective range, Limitted Environment Field, of time and space, which are 10^8 seconds (approximately 10 years) and 100km, defines a range of consideration. Environment Field of H(2-1) Model is 100m〜10km, one-day〜one-year. As mentioned above, we should consider each type of models according to their own ranges and units of time and space. Fig. 1-2 shows zones to which Newton and quantum mechanics, Euclidian and Non-Euclidian Geometory, Galilean and Rolentz transformation are applicable. We adopted 1mm/sec uniform velocity model for the Thermal System Model. Fig. 1-4 shows non linear velocity Model and several Model of T and L relations. The purpose of this report is to decide Environment field for simulation study.
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TSUNEHIRO MANABE, YUUICHI HIRABAYASHI
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 319 Pages
90-97
Published: September 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The principles of the control methods of an aquatic phenomenon can be found by analyzing the physical conditions to generate the phenomenon. Conforming to these principles, various methods to control aquatic phenomena can be classified systematically. The methods to control Basic Phenomena can be divided eventually to the methods to control a single Transforming Phenomenon, because of the linkage of phenomena, which we have showed in the Part 1 of this paper. The common principles of the control methods of Moving Phenomena are "the Channel" and "the Force". As to Modifying Phenomena, it is the transfer of "the Heat" or "the Force". As to Derivative Phenomena, the physical conditions to generate them are to be analyzed similarly. But in practical buildings, methods to control Derivative Phenomena, which is the final object to control, are mostly the control methods of Basic Phenomena. We collected many practical methods to control aquatic phenomena in buildings, and classified them. In this paper we show the instances of the control methods of two typical linkages of aquatic phenomena.
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Hidehiko TANIMURA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 319 Pages
98-108
Published: September 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This study addresses itself to the location-allocation problem within a framework of spatial interaction model. The study has found that the spatial interaction model may be interpreted as a solution to a linear programming problem which minimizes the allowable level of supply at each demand point. It may be also interpreted as a solution to its dual problem which maximizes the total amount of demand subject to the current level of demand at each supply point. Assuming potential demand is known and stable, we can use the duality to find the optimum allocation of supply which realizes the planned supply level with minimum of resources. It is also possible to use duality to find the minimum travel distance allocation of supply which realizes the planned supply level.
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KATSUO KOMURO, KAICHIRO KURIHARA, HIDEHIKO TANIMURA, SHINJI TOMIE, KYO ...
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 319 Pages
109-120
Published: September 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Areal subdivsion of a region is essential for the prediction of demand for hospital beds in regional health facilities planning. The objective of this paper is to develop a general concept for its delineation and to examine its validity by applying it to the data collected in Ibaraki Prefecture. The 'service area' of a hospital is defined as the extent of home addresses of home addresses of patients hospitalized in that hospital. The extent of hospital addresses of hospitalized residents is defined as the 'utilization area' of a residential location. The 'dependency' of a residential location upon a hospital can be measured by the ratio of those patients who are hospitalized in that particular hospital over the total number of the patients generated in that location. The 'area of influence' of a hospital is then defined as the geographic extent of residential locations having the 'dependency' upon that particular hospital greater than a certain predefined ratio. The study has concluded that the 'area of influence' is generally most effective for the areal delineation for regional health facilities planning, while the 'service area' concept is useful is useful for the planning of an individual hospital and the 'utilization area' concept is effectual for the evaluation of a hospital service level received at an individual location.
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HIDEKI KOBAYASHI, SHIGEBUMI SUZUKI
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 319 Pages
121-131
Published: September 30, 1982
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The effects of architectural settings, especially the dwelling-unit plan, the access type of the collecting together of units and the scale of grouping, on the process of territorialization were investigated. The dwelling-unit plans were classified into three types, that is, "Single-orientation unit; its back to the access", "Single-orientation unit; its front to the access" and "Double-orientation unit". The access types were "Single-loaded access" and "Double-loaded access". 13 collective housings, mostly low-rise, yielded 626 questionnaires of wives. The result supports the following statements. (1) The effects on the process of territorialization is extremely different among these types of unit plan and access system. The types that most help inhabitants to territorialize their neighborhood are "Double-orientation unit" and "Duoble-loaded access". (2) The scale of grouping that encourage the territorialization is limited to 15〜20 units.
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WATARU SUZUKI
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 319 Pages
132-139
Published: September 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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On the previous paper and this paper, we have investigated Daigoku-den, Chodo and Daian-den, Nan-en or Nan-in, of Heijo Imperial Palace, and considered the relations between them. The main results obtained from this study are as follows : 1) The original Daigoku-den and Chodo of Heijo Imperial Palace were built to the north of the Suzakumon (the main gate of the Imperial Palace). They are supposed to have been used as the Daigoku-den and the Chodo, until the transfer of the capital to Kuni-kyo (740 A. D.). Daigoku-den, the supreme hall in Heijo-kyu, was used for the national ceremonies like the Gensho-Choga (New Year's audiences) and the enthronement. Chodo was used as halls for official ceremonies and banquets, and also for administering State affairs, alike Chodo of Fujiwara-kyu. 2) It is supposed that Daian-den was built to the east of the original Daigoku-den, and the southern part of the Daian-den was called the Nan-en (the Imperial garden) in the reign of the Emperor Shomu. Daian-den of Heijo-kyu is considered to have followed that of Fujiwara-kyu and Aska-kiyomihara-kyu which were the supreme hall of Naicho, or the residential part of the Imperial Palace. Nan-en seems to have been used for private banquets. 3) Daigoku-den of Heijo Imperial Palace was removed and reconstructed in Kuni Imperial Palace in 740. Although the Emperor Shomu transferred the capital again to Heijo-kyo in 745, Daigoku-den was not reconstructed in the place of the former Daigoku-den in Heijo Imperial Palace. After the capital was transferred to Heijo-kyo, the Daian-den is supposed to have been used as Daigoku-den. 4) Daigokuden-nanin or Nan-in described in the chapter of the Empress Koken of Shokunihongi is considered to have been originally the Nan-en in the reign of the Emperor Shomu. In the reign of the Empress Koken, the Chodo which was located to the north of the Suzakumon was used as Chodo, or the Halls of State. 5) It can be assumed that, as a result of the repairs of Heijo-kyu from 760 to 762, the Daian-den was remodeled into Daigoku-den and the Nan-in into Chodo. Therefore the precinct of the original Chodo seems to have been mainly used for private banquets.
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TAKAKO YOSHIDA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 319 Pages
140-146
Published: September 30, 1982
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This article is a second study on the historical background of the carpenter parties in the Kawachi country. The sphere of influence that the Furuhashi carpenter party gained extended over four districts-Mamuta-gun, Sasara-gun, Katano-gun, Higashinari-gun-in the Kawachi and Settu country. In order to control the others the Furuhashi carpenter party was divided into many Moyoris. In accordance with the increase of the capenters the number of Moyori in the Furuhashi party rose from sixteen to twenty-two. The places of residence for each Moyori in the Furuhashi party spread far beyond the district borders. The Nengyoji was one of the duties given to the Moyori, and they acted as Nengyoji by turns every year. In this way the boss of the Furuhashi party would not invest the Nengyoji with authority and continued dominating the sphere of their power.
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Morihisa FUJIMOTO, Fukujiro FURUMURA, Takeo AVE
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 319 Pages
147-155
Published: September 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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TOSHIO NISHIMURA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 319 Pages
156-170
Published: September 30, 1982
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One of the objects of this paper is to formulate for the coupling problems of the three dimensional body and the shell to the water wave systems under the linear elastic theory, another is to show some numerical analysis for its application. In marine structures, the deformation of a structure and the wave motion of a fluid are dynamically interaced on each other through their interface boundary. But it is difficult, for various marine structures, to be given an exact solution considering the influence of those interaction. Formulating with the aid of discrete expression the coupled field of a structure and a fluid, the dynamic behaviours of the marine structure and the dynamic pressures of the water wave can be easily obtained together. Then, in this paper, the equations of motion to those coupling problems are generally derived in discrete formulating by means of the weighted residual method, expressed the parameter of a fluid in terms of a pressure or a velocity potential. Moreover, as an application of these formulation, the numerical results by the finite element method are indicated in about axisymmetric free vibration and up-down earthquake response analysis of a spherical shell fixed on the sea bed.
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Article type: Appendix
1982 Volume 319 Pages
App2-
Published: September 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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