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Article type: Cover
1978 Volume 267 Pages
Cover1-
Published: May 30, 1978
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Article type: Cover
1978 Volume 267 Pages
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Published: May 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Article type: Appendix
1978 Volume 267 Pages
App1-
Published: May 30, 1978
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Article type: Index
1978 Volume 267 Pages
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Published: May 30, 1978
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Article type: Appendix
1978 Volume 267 Pages
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Published: May 30, 1978
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YASUO TANIGAWA, KAZUO YAMADA
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 267 Pages
1-10
Published: May 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Main results in the present paper are summarized as follows : 1) The fracture process of cement paste is stabilized as the air content is increased. 2) The larger the size of specimen is, cement paste shows the more stable or ductile fracture process in the small range of the size, but the fracture process transforms from ductile mode as the size of specimen is larger than a specific size. 3) The statistical distribution of strength is closely related to the fracture process and the failure mode. Namely, the mean slope of the distribution curve of strength illustrated in terms of the relation between In (-In (1-P)) and In (F) increases as the fracture process is stabilized. 4) The coefficient of the variation of strength decreases as the fracture process of specimen is stabilized. 5) The mean strength decreases with the increase of air content, and the rate of decrease of compressive strength is more significant than that of flexural strength. 6) The size effect of flexural strength is more significant than that of compressive strength. 7) The statistical phenomena of the strength of cement paste observed by the present experiment can be theoretically explained by Eqs. (8)-(12) with the value of θ related to the defect content in the specimen.
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MOOHAN KIM, SEIICHI NOKOSHI, MASAYUKI TABATA, YOSHIRO KOH, EIJI KAMADA
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 267 Pages
11-19
Published: May 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The factcr of freezing temperature as one of the weathering conditions is the most important factor influencing to early frost damage of concrete in case of winter concreting. It is the aim of this study to investigate the influence of this factor, such as freezing temperatures, rates, and freezing time to early frost damage of concrete. On the basis of this experimental results, the following conclusions would appear to be appropriate; 1. The factors of freezing temperature, such as freezing temperature, freezing rate, and faeezing time, are very influential to the early frost damage of concrete, and there are not so much difference of influence to early frost damage of concrete in case of non air-entraining concrete. 2. The use of intentionally entrained air by air-entraining agents shows excellent effect to the prevention of early frost damage of concrete against conditions varying freezing temperature, freezing rate, and freezing time except the case of insufficient initial curing of about 20°D・D in maturity. It is, therefore, necessary to take maturity of 40°D・D as the minimum initial curing to get good performance for the prevention of early frost damage of concrete even with the adequate air-entraining concrete. 3. It seems to be sure of the applicability of DEF (the Degree of Expansion by Frost) as an index of deterioration of concrete in early frost damage. 4. It is considered that there will be different mechanisms of cracks, pop-outs, and scalings generated during the early frost action influenced by the freezing temperature, freezing rate, and freezing time.
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KAZUO OHNO, MAMORU OBATA
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 267 Pages
21-28
Published: May 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper is the first report in a series of studies on stress analysis of square column footings under vertical load by three dimensional finite element method. In this paper, we describe the results of the preliminary analysis which have been done to examine the way to analyze column footings and the factors that have the effect on the reaults of elastic finite element analysis of square column footings. As the results, the following items are clarified : a) The results obtained by the analysis in which the shape of column is considered are more proper than those obtained by the analysis in which the shape of column is not considered. b) In regard to the average values of stresses or unit stresses good results can be obtained, even if the size of finite element mesh is relatively large. c) It is necessary to consider the soil stiffness of the vicinity of column footing when the column footing is analyzed on the theory of coefficient of subgrade reaction. d) The reinforcing bars in footing slab have little effects upon the results obtained by elastic finite element analysis.
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SHIGEYUKI OKADA, HIROSHI KAGAMI
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 267 Pages
29-38
Published: May 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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A study has been made on amplification characteristics of earthquake ground motions in the period range 1 to 10 sec in whole parts of Japan, as one of the basic investigations for dynamic earthquake-resistance of very high-rise and large-scale structures. The data used in this analysis were obtained by strong motion displacement seismographs with natural period of 6 sec, operating at about 100 local observatories of Japan Meteorological Agency. All the shallow and moderate-to-large earthquakes occured in and around Japan in recent 15 years were selected for analysis. Total number of earthquakes was 138. Plots of maximum amplitude as function of epicentral distance show large scatters, which are attributed to the site conditions. An attenuation curve was, using a least squares method, approximated to the relation between maximum amplitude and epicentral distance for each earthquake. At each site the deviation from this curve was regarded as an index to express ground characteristics. Deviations for all earthquakes were assessed and the histogram was made. The mean value of histogram was defined as the most probable amplification of seismic ground motions at each station. The obtained mean values were plotted on the map of Japan, which facilitates a general view on ground characteristics in Japan. Attention must be paid on the fact that markedly high values are seen at large cities in Japan such as Tokyo, Osaka, and Niigata. A detailed survey on the ground characteristics was carried out in Kanto plain. The results revieled that the amplification increases with increasing depth to the basement at the site, and that the depth relating to ground motions in the period of 1 to 10sec are from 100m to several 1000m.
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YUTARO KANEKO, YASUO TANAKA
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 267 Pages
39-48
Published: May 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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By means of shear transfer theory, the shear failure mechanisms of reinforced concrete short columns are investigated. As the basis of this study, it is assumed that the deformation of columns by shear loading is divided into three types, that is, flexural, bond failure and shear slip deformations. The ultimate state is reached when the shear loading causes shear slip along diagonal tension crack in core concrete and yield confining forces in tie reinforcing bars occur. The equations which give the ultimate shear strength of reinforced concrete short columns are derived. The analytical results show good agreement with experimental results by the authors and other researchers. It is concluded that sufficient tie reinforcement may make it possible to avoid the shear failure of columns.
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Shinji Ishimaru
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 267 Pages
49-59
Published: May 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Gengo Matsui, Shoji Soshiroda
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 267 Pages
61-68
Published: May 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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HIDEO TAKABATAKE
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 267 Pages
69-82
Published: May 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The aim of this paper is to present the governing equations of motion of an elastic and uniform thin-walled open section which the axial curve is a space curve. The rigorous governing equations are formulated by reducing the three-dimensional continuum to the one-dimensional one. In this process, the modified Hellinger-Reissner's variational theorem is employed and the warping is expressed by the warping function considered the effects of the curvature and torsion of the axial curve. The derived equations are applicable to the problems including the large displacements and large angles of rotations and subjecting the deformations of the cross section and they are expressed in the lagrangian representations. Also, considering the practical use, the general equations are approximated and furthermore the linear theory is stated. The derived equations of a thin-walled open section are indepedent of the engineer's torsion-bending theory and are the treatments of the three-dimensional analysis. As the result, the presented general equations have the same forms as the theory of rods. Hence, it is shown that the theory of a thin-walled open section can be treated as the problem of rods. The resultants are the brief forms than the expressions of the engineer's torsion-bending theory and do not contain the contradictions on theory.
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MITSUHIRO UDAGAWA, KENICHI KIMURA
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 267 Pages
83-90
Published: May 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Data of solar radiation on the tilted surface are essential for designing buildings, air conditioning systems and solar utilizing equipments and can be estimated from the data of direct and diffuse components of global radiation. The purpose of this study is to find the relationship between global radiation and direct component of it to estimate solar radiation on the tilted surface only from global solar radiation in any sky conditions by analizing the data of global solar radiation and diffuse sky radiation obtained from TATENO Aerological Observatory throughout a year for examination of statistical characteristics. As the statistical analysis showed the possibilities of estimating the direct component only from global radiation, the regression model expressed by a combination of linear and cubic equations, in which direct component is expressed directly as the functions of global radiation, was presented. The standard errors on estimating the direct normal radiation by this model was 60kcal/m^2h for all of the annual data when sin h>0.3 (h : solar altitude). The effects of the errors from those of direct normal radiation in converting the global radiation into the radiation on tilted surface, which is more important in practical use than the direct radiation, were examined and it is considered that the regression equations presented in this study is useful in practical purpose.
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Tetsumi HORIKOSHI, Yotaro KOBAYASHI
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 267 Pages
91-101
Published: May 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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YUICHIRO NAKA
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 267 Pages
103-112
Published: May 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In this paper, the main logic of the simulation model of complicated passenger flow and some examples of simulation by the model are presented. The purpose of the model is to predict hourly and locally the state of flow of passengers who have various destinations and routes in intricate space of a railway station. In the model, as its basic frame, the state of flow is represented as changing distribution of passenger groups on a plan divided to meshes, and the relation between density and velocity is difined on the base of preceding studies on crossing flow. As regards this utilization of the results of study on crossing flow for the model of general complicated flow, on the process of framing the logic, the device of simplifying the complicated flow gradually and replacing it finally with complex of crossing flow is made. As examples of simulation, flows in a platform, in a connecting passage, and in a concourse, are presented. Taking a large view, the results of simulation correspond nearly with the actuality. In future, further studies on simulation of passenger flow are to be promoted side by side with positive studies on actual flow.
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YOSHITSUGU AOKI
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 267 Pages
113-120
Published: May 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The probability density function of load effect S, strength R as random variables is needed in order to solve the optimal value of importance factor. In the first case we assume that the probability density functions of S and R are normal distributions because it is probable that variables S and R determined many factors have a normal distribution asymptotically by the central limit theorem. In this case a solution of equation (19) in earlier paper is given by equation (N-10). This solution is shown in Fig.1. In second case, we assume variables S and R have log-normal distributions, that is, the distribution functions of log S and log R are normal distributions. The solution in this case is given by equation (LN-21) and this result is shown in Fig.4.
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AKIRA FUJII
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 267 Pages
121-128
Published: May 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The contour line which can be used to express the multiple activities of urbanism and architecture is called "Activity Contour." The fundamental study on AC is started with the geometrical analysis of the closed curve. In this report, as part I. of the study, three kinds of structural concept "Ridge (R^*)" of closed curve are defined. 1. "Ridge" of a closed curve. 2. "Ridge" of belt-shaped area of double closed curve. 3. "Ridge" of multiple closed curve. The definition of the "Ridge" of a closed curve C is as follows. Let ε be positive, parallel closed curve C′is defined as a set of points from which the distance to the curve C is ε. As to the correspondence between the points on curve C to the points on curve C′; four patterns of correspondence are classified. This correspondence is related to the distance between the two curves. Now let ε be any value andif the diatance from a point P on curve C to curve C′is not equal to ε, this point P is defined as a singular point on curve C. The same holds ture on curve C′. When the distance ε varies, a set of singular points of the parallel closed curves can be got, and we call this as the "Ridge" of a closed curve. The fact of primary importance about the "Ridge" of a closed curve is that every closed curve has a "Ridge" and it can be defined uniquely.
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JUN UENO
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 267 Pages
129-139
Published: May 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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SHINGO TAMAKI, HIROSHI SUZUKI
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 267 Pages
141-153
Published: May 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The contents of this study are summarized as follows; 1) The trend of obsolescence in housing is perfectly expressed with Logistic-curve or Gompertz-curve. In this study, it is proved by the data at the pre war period and 1945 to 1950. By using this method, it is possible to estimate the house's durable year and the number of obsolescence houses during a certain time in future. 2) Next, when the fact stated above is applied on regional level, it is possible to examine the trend of obsolescence in housing on different regions, and to estimate the trend of obsolescence in future on the region by using section data. 3) The level of obsolescence on one region is influenced by economic, social and enviromental conditions on that region. On the whole, the speed of obsolescence is more higher in East Japan than in West Japan. 4) A tendency of 3) is most evident at pre war houses, but at the houses comparatively in recent years it becomes more vague. 5) The level of obsolescence is connected with the durable year of housing. If the former is high (low), the latter is short (long). 6) The obsolescence of pre war houses is more significant on non-urbanized region. 7) In recent years, the houses destroyed by the obsolecence is equal to 70% to 80% of all destroyed houses. And this ratio is more lower on urbanized region, because houses destroying by other causes, for example, urban renewal or road construction, etc., is increasing.
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YASUO TAKAHASHI
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 267 Pages
155-162
Published: May 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Contents are mainly classified by two items as follows : 1. The constitution of the Rokucho. -1. The territory of the Rokucho. -2. The names of the constituent towns. 2. The pre-history of the Rokucho : a consideration on the process of the urban development of the constituent towns.
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TAKASHI KITANO
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 267 Pages
163-170
Published: May 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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At about the Shouho-period (A.D. 1644〜1648), the plan of rustic style Shoin in the Samurai-House changed. Before the Shouho-period, the houses of the rustic style shoin had been decorated with Toko and the simpler rustic interior design. They were used mainly for the tea ceremony. After Shouho-period, They were decorated with Toko, Tana, Tsuke-Shoin and more elaborated interior design. They were used mainly for the entertainment. Houses which were built after Houei-period (A.D. 1704〜1710) were already equipped with all the elements of the rustic style shoin.
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