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Article type: Cover
1980 Volume 287 Pages
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Published: January 30, 1980
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Article type: Cover
1980 Volume 287 Pages
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Published: January 30, 1980
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Article type: Index
1980 Volume 287 Pages
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Published: January 30, 1980
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Article type: Appendix
1980 Volume 287 Pages
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Published: January 30, 1980
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MASANORI IZUMI, HIROZO MIHASHI
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 287 Pages
1-13
Published: January 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The fracture mechanism of concrete may be considered as a series of crack-propagation processes within the cement paste phase. From such a viewpoint, this paper presents a stochastic theory for concrete fracture under simple loading, in which, not only the stochastic characteristic of the process, but also the statistical stress distpibution due to material defects, is taken into consideration. The adequancy of this theory has been ascertained by comparison with the results of previous experimental investigations. The effect of environmental temperature on fracture strength is described as follows : lnΛ_<temp>=C・(λ_T-1) where Λ_<temp>=strength ratio : (σ/σ_0), C=const., λ_T=absolute temperature ratio : (T/T_0) The stress rate effect on fracture strength is shown as follows : Λ_<atr>=σ^^-/σ^^-_0=(σ^^・/σ^^・_0)^ζ
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YOSHIZO DOBASHI, KOHYA SAKAJIRI
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 287 Pages
15-25
Published: January 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Reinforced concrete slab models of several types with parts of their cross section moderately increasd in height that comprise drop panels and/or wide-flat beam type segments were put to the failure test and the resulting ultimate load-bearing capacitty for each type is compared herein with the corresponding Johansen value taking account of concrete tensile strength, as well as solution by a generalized Park method. Also a few field examples of forming such thicker stiffening zones in plan along one or both of slab centerlines are presented by way of suggesting the prospective use of those slab systems.
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YUTARO KANEKO, YASUO TANAKA
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 287 Pages
27-37
Published: January 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The shear strength and other behaviors of RC short columns against shear reversals are investigated by experimental and analytical studies. In the experimental study, it was observed that RC short columns which carrly arge axial load are likely to fail due to cumulative axial subsidence at the axial loading point caused by shear reversals, and that tie reinforcement has little effect to prevent this phenomenon. The analytical study was carried out to investigate this phenomenon and to make clear the design consideration for preventing the cumulative axial failure of RC short columns. As the bases of analytical study, truss analogy of bearing mechanisms was considered, and the slip failure envelope which was used in the shear transfer theory was applied to obtain the ultimate strength of core concrete. The behaviors of RC short columns that was observed in the experimental study were well explained analytically and it is deduced that the cumulative failure of RC short columns is caused by the compressive yielding in main bars after shear slip occurs in core portion, where the compressive stresses caused by axial and bending forces are resisted by main bars only. As the cumulative failure could not be prevented by tie reinforcement, it would be concluded that RC short columns should not be subjected to axial loading which causes main bar yielding.
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KANSHI MASUDA, TSUGUOMI HIRASAKA
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 287 Pages
39-50
Published: January 30, 1980
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In order to clarify the mechanism of stress transfer developed through the column base connections between S. R. C. columns and their footings, the specimens of various types are tested under bending. In this paper, an outline of tests is described, and experimental results for 15 specimens are presented and discussed. These results are compared with experimental results in the previous paper (part 1) and are discussed on how effects are observed on the strength and deformation behaviour by each test variable. Suggestions for the practical design are made. The main results derived from the analysis on these experiments are as follows : (1) Significant effects are observed on the measured yield strength by the flexural deformations of base plates or the looseness between anchor bolts and nuts, but the measured yield strength can be nearly estimated by the yield strength calculated with the method of this paper. (2) When base plates is the proper thickness and the moment resistance of anchor bolts is closer to the moment resistance of the steel column, the measured values of the ultimate strength on the column base connections show a tendency to increase in comparision with the corresponding calculated values. (3) In considering the allowable design strength of S.R.C. column bases, it may be calculated according to the equation of the cumulative strength on the general columns or beams established already, but in "the current standard of S.R.C. structures" of A.I.J., further investigation should be necessary to the method of the stress distributions on the column base connections.
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NOBUYUKI OGAWA
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 287 Pages
51-63
Published: January 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The rocking motion of a rigid body on the rigid base which is shaken by sinusoidal wave is one of the basic problems for the estimation of the dynamic behaviour of rigid structures duing earthquake. The author studied the damped periodic rocking motion of a simple rocking model and it's stability by approximate theory and experiments. It was found from the results that the stability of rocking motion caused by the beginning of sinusoidal excitation is given by approximating to the stable periodic motion, and then, as an examination of transient motion, the author studied some condition of the repeat of rocking motion.
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MINORU YAMADA, HIROSHI KAWAMURA
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 287 Pages
65-76
Published: January 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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A new principle, i.e. Finite Resonance Principle, in earthquake responses of inelastic systems is proposed and its effectiveness is verified. Finite Response Principle is induced from the well known average and standard spectra of visco-elastic systems which were calculated by Hounser, Takada, Okubo and Kuribayashi. This principle is composed of the following two fundamental ideas; (1) selective resonance (automatic syntony) of systems during earthquakes, (2) finiteness of the number of resonance waves. Assuming the equivalence of visco-elastic systems and inelastic systems, new and symple equations for the earthquake response analysis of structures with hysteretic restoring force functions are derived from Finite Resonance Principle. By means of this new method of earthquake response analysis, response deformation amplitudes and total energy inputs of inelastic systems subjected to earthquake excitations are able to be analyzed. As for perfectly elasto-plastic systems subjected to the El-Centro Earthquake, May 18.1940, analytical results are compared with the calculated results by numerical integration of equation of motion by Newmark and veletsos, Kato and Akiyama, Berg and Thomaides. The good agreement between them verifies the effectiveness of this Finite Resonance Principle.
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JUNJI MAEDA, MINORU MAKINO
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 287 Pages
77-87
Published: January 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In this paper customary used equations related to the component of the mean wind direction of gusty wind are classified into the following three types; Dryden type, Karman type and Davenport type. The fundamental properties of these types are surveyed under the theory of isotropic turbulence and a few faults are indicated in Cramer-Davenport's equation which is frequently used as a nondimensional cross spectrum. Theoretically the nondimensional cross spectrum of Karman type is the most reasonable, but this equation is not practical since it is expressed with the modified Bessel functions. Thus its practical expression is proposed. In the case of natural wind which seems to be nonisotropic it may be better to employ the lateral scale of turbulence instead of the longitudinal scale of turbulence as a fundamental factor of the structure of turbulence.
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SHO KIMURA, MICHIKO SO, KATSUO INOUE
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 287 Pages
89-98
Published: January 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The general trend of the relation between WECPNL and community reaction are not clarified. From this view point, we investigated the influence of aircraft noise on life environment by means of questionnaire for inhabitants around N, H, K, bases and T international airport, which showed different regional features respectively, and obtained about 1200 valid votes indivisually. According to the consequence of correspondence between WECPNL and positive response around four airports, it has been shown that items, as to "Annoyance of Aircraft Noise", "Disturbance of Daily Life", and "Hearing Disturbance", had similar trend of regression lines notwithstanding regional differences. So we considered basic influence of aircraft noise could have been comprehended from these items, and examined the relation between community reaction and WECPNL. As the result, following points were clarified. The level of neutral point in Likert scale, included many other factors of environmental noise, showed about 70 WECPNL around each airport and each item. Corresponding to this level, the percentage of positive response, which was considered including few other factors, showed about 50% as for "Annoyance of Aircraft Noise", and about 30% as for "Daily Life and Hearing Disturbance". This means the influence of aircraft noise for inhabitants have been conscious as to "the state of interruption" and the border level between positive and negative response in consciousness is about 70 WECPNL. By the way, around air-base in which daily flight numbers fluctuate very widely, the similar evaluated level of WECPNL to civil airport can be obtained by using N_<10> intended for flight days in a year instead of using averaged daily flight numbers of a year.
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SHUZO MURAKAMI, KIYOTAKA DEGUCHI, TAKESHI GOTO, KIYOSHI UEHARA
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 287 Pages
99-109
Published: January 30, 1980
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Experiments concerned with wind effects on pedestrians are described. The experiments consisted three parts. In Part I (1975) walking tests were conducted in a large wind tunnel. In Part II (1976) walking tests were held in a precinct at the base of a high-rise building. Part III (1978) consisted of observations of pedestrians again in a precinct at the base of a high-rise building. In Rart I and Part II, 5 to 10 persons were used as subjects and movie records of their footsteps were analysed. In Part III, movie records taken by video camera of over 2000 pedestrians were analysed, as to footstep-irregularity and body-balance. Based on these three-part experiments, the following criteria are proposed for evaluating wind effects on pedestrians : u<5m/s no effect 5<u<10 some effect 10<u<15 serious effect 15<u extremely serious effect here u=instantaneous wind speed averaged over 3 seconds. These criteria are the same with or a little more severe than the one proposed by Hunt et al., and are considerably more severe than others.
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MAKOTO YANAGISAWA, SHOJI IMAI, GEN TANIGUCHI
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 287 Pages
111-118
Published: January 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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We made some 'typical working models' from the survey of 3 hospitals. The models can express staffs' movements that are variable as management types. We adapted these models to some planning types those are made from typical layouts, and evaluated the planning types of the radiographic dept. in hospital. The result of evaluation are as follows. (1) A-1, B-1 type; the contacts between staffs and patients are done well, but that is difficult to keep sterilized materials clean. These types are useful to the specific treatment zones. (2) B-3 type; this planning type is designed for staffs' movements of each room to be independent from other. This aim is well reflected in the result. But we must point out that so to speak assistant staffs', porters' or messengers' works are very hard. (3) C-1, D-1 type; staffs' zone and patients' are clearly separated in these types. So the staffs hardly pass through radiographic rooms to contact with patients. (4) D-2 type; this type, improved from B-1 type, is not seen in hospitals as ever. But this type can adopt almost any management type and be evaluated well in the result.
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RINTARO KAWAMICHI
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 287 Pages
119-124
Published: January 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Many primary schools in the cities in Japan make various rules which children have to observe at the play in the playground. In this paper, the rules and the number of accidents in school are investigated in many schools which differ in the levels of the area per child of the playground, and the relation between the rules and the accidents and the area per child of the playground is analyzed and discussed.
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KENJI MITSUYOSHI, SATOSHI HAGISHIMA, SEIJI SATO, SHINGO OOGURO, TOSHIO ...
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 287 Pages
125-137
Published: January 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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It is the purpose of this paper to explain the character of residential area of Fukuoka City. We find that the extent of homogenious residential district is about 5 ha, and then we classified the residential districts into 8 types by the method of Hayashi's Quantification Theory III. And we refered to the problem of living environment about each type of residential district.
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MASAKI KUSAKA
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 287 Pages
139-146
Published: January 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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To find out any preservation program of cultivated lands in urban district and to adjust further urban growth into agreeable one is the aim of this paper. As the first step of the study, we trend the form of changing employment from agriculture in the past, and then we prognosticate the farmers' employed status in the future. In the next place, we make corrections for the first one by prognosticating demands for the cultivated lands from urban development. At the last, we make suggestions of the cultivated land use planning in urban district as every step of the farmers' employment status.
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HARUYOSHI YAMADA
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 287 Pages
147-158
Published: January 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In this thesis, special attention is paid to the investigation on the correlation between the internal conditions of subjects sex, age, the proportion of daily labor hours on their farms, their free time, and the affiliation in social groups and organizations in their districts…, and the actual amount of the engagement in social educational, physical and recreational activities. The results are summarized as follows; 1) In spite of the positive correlation of sex opposition with the amount of activities, that of age, or physical conditions with the amount of activities is not necessarily evident. For instance, people who are old, or physically weak are engagining in various kinds of activities in accordance with their own conditions. 2) The difference of attitudes toward these activitidse are found between farmers and labores commuting to urban areas, and the isolation of each group can be recognized. 3) The higher the rate of the time of their daily engagement in farming is, the less the amount of their taking part part in these activities is.
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ATSUSHI MARUYAMA
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 287 Pages
159-169
Published: January 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Durer's cityplanning is a part of his book dealing with fortifications theory (Nurnberg, 1527). It is said that Durer's cityplanning is a German example among many of the ideal cities of the Renaissance which have Italian character. But the form of Durer's city is a square and different from the Italian polygonal ideal city. In this analysis of the design-elements and structure of Durer's cityplanning, however, many kinds of German cities and citylife can be distinguished. It seems there was something in the spirit of the age and in the locality that made Durer imagine such acity. This essey consists of the following parts : Preface 1. A background of Durer's cityplanning. 2. An outline of Durer's cityplanning. 3. Durer and the idea of Italian Renaissance. 4. Durer and the reality of German cities. 5. Durer's protestant image of a city. Conclusion
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SUSUMU HYUGA
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 287 Pages
171-179
Published: January 30, 1980
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For the purpose of clarifying the urban structure of Kyoto in the Yedo Period, it is necessary to study the structure of village (Cho) which is the basic sub-unit of city, taking into account the foctors of time and phisical layout. This paper will useas case study two of villages in the district of Nishijin and will compare their internal structures, physical layouts, etc., in order to analyse the internal structure of Kyoto in the late Yedo Period.
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NAOKI TANI
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 287 Pages
181-189
Published: January 30, 1980
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KENICHIRO HIDAKA
Article type: Article
1980 Volume 287 Pages
191-201
Published: January 30, 1980
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