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Article type: Cover
1978 Volume 268 Pages
Cover1-
Published: June 30, 1978
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Article type: Cover
1978 Volume 268 Pages
Cover2-
Published: June 30, 1978
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Article type: Appendix
1978 Volume 268 Pages
App1-
Published: June 30, 1978
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Article type: Index
1978 Volume 268 Pages
Toc1-
Published: June 30, 1978
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Article type: Appendix
1978 Volume 268 Pages
App2-
Published: June 30, 1978
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Hiroshi Nagashima
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 268 Pages
1-8
Published: June 30, 1978
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HIROSHI IMAI
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 268 Pages
9-20
Published: June 30, 1978
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The paper concerns properties indicated by reinforced concrete shear walls after cracking in shear. It is shown that walls after cracking act as diagonal 45-deg compression members, while reinforcing bars act as tensile forces perpendicular to the diagonal wall members. As a result, the maximum resisting capacities of unconstrained shear walls not having frames are determined by reinforcement quantities in the walls and may be expressed by Eq. (2). The properties indicated by shear walls with frames are analyzed by Fig. 5(e), and it is shown that load-deformation curves and stress distributions of frames coincide well with measured values. As for the mechanism indicating maximum shearing strength, there are the two types of shearing failure of frame and shearing failure of wall in compression, these strengths being expressed by Eqs. (10) and (17), respectively, with failure occurring according to the type of smaller strength.
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KAZUO OHNO, MAMORU OBATA
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 268 Pages
21-29
Published: June 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper is the second report in a series of studies on finite element analysis of square column footings under vertical load. In this paper, many square column footings with and without footing girders were analyzed by three dimensional finite element method within the limits of elasticity. In addition, two of those column footing specimens experimented by F. E. Richart were analyzed by three dimensional finite element method within the limits of elasticplasticity and the results of the analysis were compared with the experimental data. After examining the results of the analysis described above, the following items were confirmed : a) The magnitude of stresses and the stress distributions obtained by elastic finite element analysis change according to the condition of soil and footing slab. b) The ratios of the moment obtained by elastic analysis to the moment calculated on the assumption of uniform distribution of soil reaction have a tendancy to become small with decreasing the relative rigidity of footing slab to soil. Under certain circumstances, the stress change due to the variation of this relative rigidity is more than that produced by cracking. c) In the case of the footing slab with the footing girders of which the stiffnesses are large enough, it is considered that the footing slab can be designed as a thin plate with two adjacent free sides and two adjacent fixed sides on the theory of thin plates, but in that case the footing girders should be designed considering the soil reaction under the girders. d) As the results of elastic-plastic analysis of column footings on the assumption that the elastic coefficient of soil is 10 kg/(cm)^3, the relationships of load-average strain in bar close to the experimental data at small strain levels.
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MINORU YAMADA, HIROSHI KAWAMURA
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 268 Pages
31-38
Published: June 30, 1978
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In this paper (III), structural members or elements are classified into NM Model, in which axial and flexural stresses and strains are predomonant, and NQ Model, in which axial and shearing stresses and strains are predomonant. Both the models are idealized as "Resonance Determinate System", in which the equilibrium condition of "Resonance Capacity" and the compatibility condition of deflection amplitude hold true, so that the resonance fatigue characteristics of them are able to be described analytically by using those of composing materials of the models which were given analytically and experimentally in the previous papers (I), (II). On NM and NQ Models idealized as "Resonance Determinate System", the resonance response condition of composing materials that Resonance Capacity is constant during repeated loadings is proved to be a necessary condition of that of the models.
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Article type: Bibliography
1978 Volume 268 Pages
38-
Published: June 30, 1978
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YOUICHI MINAKAWA
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 268 Pages
39-47
Published: June 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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KUNIAKI UDAGAWA, KOICHI TAKANASHI, HISASHI TANAKA
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 268 Pages
49-59
Published: June 30, 1978
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TETSUO KUBO
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 268 Pages
61-70
Published: June 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Power spectral density function upon a ground motion which describes the frequency content of the corresponding motion is considered to be one of the most significant properties to be taken into account when one generates ground motions by use of stochastic processes. Using a smoothed and normalized Fourier amplitude spectrum, frequency contents for components of motion along a set of principal axes are determined. In the diagrams representing a Fourier amplitude spectrum with moving-window technique, time-depencency of frequency contents can be observed for motions produced by the San Fernando earthquake of February 9, 1971. A mathematical model to simulate ground motion processes is introduced hereby which can produce nonstationarity both in intensity and in frequency content. Using the mathematical model and reflecting the results of principal transformation and frequency content of motions along principal axes obtained by analysis of real motions recorded during the San Fernando earthquake, three-dimensional ground motion processes are synthetically generated. The resulting properties of the simulated motions yield general characteristics of prescribed properties while they reveal complexities similar to the characteristics observed in real accelerograms. Therefore, the model presented herein is considered to be adequate.
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BEN KATO, HIROSHI AKIYAMA, SUSUMU KITAZAWA
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 268 Pages
71-76
Published: June 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Deformation characteristics of structural members should be thoroughly studied to know the resistance of the structure against earthquakes. In this paper, the effects of the local buckling on the inelastic behavior of steel members with box-section were investigated experimentally. Applied tests are classified into three groups; stub-column test, beam test and beam-column test. Principal geometrical parameters of the used specimens were width-to-thickness ratio of plate element and slenderness. Most fundamental loading condition for beam-columns subjected to earthquakes is combined axial compression and couple of end moment which produce flexural deformation with double curvature. Results of those three types of tests were summarized into simple empirical formulae which can provide with whole load-deformation curves of the members under the fundamental loading condition.
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SADAYOSHI IGARASHI, KOJI OGAWA
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 268 Pages
77-85
Published: June 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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As the basic research for the study of developing a kinematic model, the investigation reported in this paper is an attempt to clarify the effect of vertical ground motion on the seismic response, which is usually ignored in current earthquake resistant design practice. To examine the effect of vertical ground motion on the seismic response, the inelastic response of steel frames subjected to the combination of horizontal and vertical components of the earthquake was compared with that to a horizontal components of the earthquake. The inclusion of vertical ground motion can result in a significant increase in the ductility requirements of the upper story members, of which the design is controlled by the vertical loading. It also seems to be probable that the inelastic deformation of the lower story columns in high-rise building may be affected by vertical ground motion in terms of increasing axial forces. It is concluded that effects of vertical ground motion on the seismic response are large enough to warrant consideration in earthquake resistant design practice. It should be noted that the inelastic interaction between horizontal inertia forces caused by horizontal ground motion and vertical inertia forces by vertical ground motion may play an important role to explain the effects of vertical ground motion on the seismic response.
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KAZUO INOUE, KOJI OGAWA
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 268 Pages
87-98
Published: June 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In order to study the inelastic behaviors of braced frames in which sway deflection due to column shortening and elongation is not negligible, an overall analysis is essential. This paper includes the method of static and dynamic analysis, in which the incremental member stiffness is determined according to generalized hardening hinge method. Overall inelastic static and dynamic behaviors of multi-story steel braced frames are examined by the present method. Braced frames which are analyzed are 10 story 3 bay frames and are designed according to the plastic design method which was already proposed in the previous paper (Part 1). Furthermore, response quantities of the braced frames are compared with those of plastically designed open frame. Numerical results show that the most of input energy is dissipated by bracing members. Therefore, inelastic dynamic dynamic responses of braced frames are considerably small and uniform along the height of the frame in comparison with the responses of open frame
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TOSHIO OJIMA, KOICHIRO NEZU
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 268 Pages
99-108
Published: June 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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We put an investigation into several types of buildings such as office, commercial and medical buildings and hotels of eight cities, and made a statistical analysis on the results. As the result we calculated the index of heat consumption (oil, gas, electric, heating, hot water supply, cooling) and heat exhaust in the form of kcal/year・m^2 (m^2 : floor space). In this study we have findings as follows : 1. The index of heat consumption and heat exhaust is varied among the same use building in the same city. 2. The index of heat consumption and heat exhaust on the medical buildings and hotels shows relatively high value. 3. The mean value of the index of heat consumption and heat exhaust has high correlation with heating degree day.
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Tetsumi Horikoshi, Hideo Miyahara, Yotaro Kobayashi
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 268 Pages
109-119
Published: June 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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AKIHIKO WATANABE, YUZO TAKIZAWA
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 268 Pages
121-134
Published: June 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The analysis of the architectural problems of a school for mentally retarded children by building element, rooms, contents of each problems from teachers' point of view. Moreover, quantative comparison of the situation and point of the problems, and at the same time making the check-list for planning. Contents 1. Aim of this study 2. Time and method of the investigation 3. Analytic method 4. Difference of the number of problem by each schools and construction age 5. Pointing number per school by building department, element, and eachproblems. 6. Situation of problems from each details by element and rooms 7. List of the problems by rooms, element, and each details 8. Situation of the problem from the constructional ratio of the points of the problems 9. Analysis of contents of main problem by building element and each details
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YASUTOSHI MITSUZAKI
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 268 Pages
135-143
Published: June 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper describes with the distribution comparing of elementary schools and retail shops in Osaka city area in the pre war period and the post war period. In 1934, Osaka city was provided 237 elementary schools for compulsory education. They are increased 278 elementary schools and 123 junior high schools in 1972. In other respects, threr are 81 high schools in 1972, now, they are called semi compulsory educational facilities. In this paper observed some conditions for urban land use planning, especially neighbourhood planning through the number of these schools and retail shops with the each periods. Contents are shown as follows. 1. Motifs of this paper 2. Distribution of elementary schools in pre war period 3. Distribution of elementary schools in post war period 4. Distribution of junior high schools and high schools in post war period 5. Distribution of retail shops in both periods 6. Conclusion
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NOBUAKI MORIMOTO
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 268 Pages
145-152
Published: June 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper analyses two elements of a rent on economic theory. The one is ground rent, and the other is depreciation. The conclusions are as follows. 1. In Japanese, there are many managers who manage the tenement-houses on their own lands. They are possible to manage the tenement-houses without keeping ground rent. So, it is difficult for them to be concious of ground rent. 2. About depreciation of building value, many managers are not concious of depreciation reserve. Because, many of them don't want to keep management of tenement-house repeatedly.
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AKIRA SATO
Article type: Article
1978 Volume 268 Pages
153-161
Published: June 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Burnham is a problematic architect in the modern architectural history. In many studies, he has been criticised as a betrayer of the so-called Chicago School of architecture mainly because of his contribution to the Columbia World Fair of 1893 and his works after the Fair. Yet these works seem to have been the result of his cool judgement. The situation was changing at about 1890 on. Here, at first we discuss the complex mentality of the "progressive" clients, taking Brooks Brothers as an example. Then, we briefly survey the change of the American department store design, which was Burnham's favorite genre in his later days, from the warehouse type represented by John Wanamaker's Philadelphia store (1876) to Marshal Field's stores designed by Burnham before and after 1900. It became showy more and more as shopping became a well developed social event. This change was not confined to the department store only. Carl Condit points out that Brooks beared conflicting ambitions between having a first-class building and having the least expensive one. He also expalins this as the fundamental dilemma of all modern commercial architecture. But this dilemma was, and probably is, practically soluble as the problem of payable or not. Indeed, in his later life, Burnham produced for big businesses numerous gorgeous buildings far different, in appearence, from the "Chicago School" style. Yet, as for Burnham, he only designed payable ones in another social condition in which clients demanded elegant environment as the leisure class became prosperous.
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