Transactions of the Architectural Institute of Japan

[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1961 Volume 68 Pages Cover1-
Published: June 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.68.0_Cover1

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Index
1961 Volume 68 Pages Toc1-
Published: June 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.68.0_Toc1

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Index
1961 Volume 68 Pages Toc2-
Published: June 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.68.0_Toc2

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1) DESIGN OF DRY CONSISTENCY CONCRETE MIXES

Takeo Ishigami

Article type: Article
1961 Volume 68 Pages 1-6
Published: June 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.68.0_1

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At design for dry consistency concrete mixes mut be the consideration with deterioration on the regarding the voids. Certain student is researched on the regarding the relation the voids and the strength, other properties, however, we have not the saitable results on the some characters of freshly dry consistency concrete. Auther has found the similarity relation so "Constant Water Contents Low." By Inge Lyse, that is, "In the case the voids contents would be determine according to the water contents, per unit volum of concrete, not so consequence of mixes as ordinary concrete." This result can be shown by the following approximate ellipticall equation, [numerical formula] The compressive strength would be the determain by the function of cement tatal porosity (C/W+V). This proposal is based upon the formula regarding the relation is mentioned. Where, W; water content per unit volum V; void ratio per unit volum φ; porosity of none water concrete per unit volum C; cement content of absolute volum

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2) ON THE RESISTANCE TO WEAR OF TIMBER

Makoto Yosioka

Article type: Article
1961 Volume 68 Pages 7-14
Published: June 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.68.0_7

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In the testing of wood for resistance to wear, a laboratory test should simulate the condisions of service in timber floors. In this respect the two abrasive action-one the impact of the heel and the other scuffing action by the sole of footwear-should take into consideration. This paper is a report includig: (1) the trial machine, designed by author, for measuring wear resistance of walkway materials, specially timber flooring with two abrading apparatus-one a iron board and wire-brushes to abrade flooring surfaces biting the abrasive sand and the other the group of iron cylinders each studded with three pan head studs impart impact blows the flooring surfaces-with which a comparatively similar conditions to service wear is obtained; and (2) the laboratory abrasion test results with this machine of some soft and hard wood and the relation between specific gravity and loss in thichness.

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3) STUDIES THE BYEAKING STRENGTH OF NATURAL CONCRETE AND LIGHT-WEIGHT AGGREGATE CONCRETE

Kenichi Hiraga

Article type: Article
1961 Volume 68 Pages 15-22
Published: June 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.68.0_15

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This paper consist of three chapters. In the first chapter, the theoretical formula that decides the relationships between the breaking strength and the preportions of composite solids. (It is defined here that a composite solid is composed of the mother solid forming the subjective construction and aggregates) is given. In the second chapter, the practical formulas on the breaking strength of the varions kinds of concretes are derived from the above theoretical formula. And in the last chapter, it is stated that the theoretical values of the braeking strength of concretes computed by the above formulas agree with the experimental values with practical exactness.

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4) PLASTIC DEFORMATIONS OF SQUARE PORTAL FRAME UNDER HORIZONTAL IMPACT

Hisashi Tanaka

Article type: Article
1961 Volume 68 Pages 23-29
Published: June 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.68.0_23

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5) STUDY ON SHEARING RESISTANCE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE MEMBERS OF FRAMEWORKS UNDER COMBINED STRESSES (Part 5) : Especially on Columns under Axied Force and Shearing Force

Yoshikatsu Tsuboi, Yasumi Suenaga

Article type: Article
1961 Volume 68 Pages 30-39
Published: June 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.68.0_30

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6) THEORETICAL STUDY ON TWO DIMENSIONAL CREEP OF CONCRETE

Shizuo Ban, Hiroshi Muguruma

Article type: Article
1961 Volume 68 Pages 40-46
Published: June 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.68.0_40

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In the ordinary creep problems on reinforced and prestressed concrete structures, the creep and shrinkage of concrete only in one direction have been considered in analysis. However, the creep and shrinkage of concrete in two dimensions, such as the plastic flow in walls or slabs, must be considered in analysis if we wish to bring the theoretical solutions of the creep stresses or strains in the actual structures into agreement with experiments. In this report, two well-known laws fundamentally expressing the creep phenomenon of concrete, that is, Davis-Glanville's law and Whitney's law, were extended to the creep in two dimensions and the general theorem of two dimensional creep was defined under the assumption that the elastic and creep properties of concrete under two dimensional stresses are the same in all directions. As a special example, the shrinkage stress analysis was made on a reinforced concrete rectangular plate with no edge restrictions. Also, the general solution of two dimensional creep problems was derived on a plain concrete plate.

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7) MODES OF FAILURE AND ULTIMATE SHEARING LOADS CONCERNING QUAKE RESISTING WALLS HAVING VARIOUS OPENINGS : Study on Shearing Resistance of Quake Resisting Walls having Various Opening, No.4

Masahide Tomii

Article type: Article
1961 Volume 68 Pages 47-52
Published: June 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.68.0_47

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This paper is the last report of the shearing tests of reinforced concrete models, and gives the following results concerning the head title. 1. Cracking patterns for all models are shown in figures, and the modes of failure are explained. 2. Relations between the shearing deformation and the rate of shearing force to ultimate shearing load are shown in figures, and it is indicated that if the openings are not large (opening factor ξ<2/3), these relations are nearly equal to the relation in the case of wall without opening. 3. Ultimate shearing loads positive and negative load tests are shown in a plate, and it is indicated that unless the openings are very unsymetrical to horizontal and vartical center lines of walls or have extreme slit shapes, the ultimate shearing loads are given only by the function of opening factor ξ, and the effects of the situations of openings can be neglected.

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8) THE LOAD-TERMS OF THE SLOPE DEFLECTION EQUATIONS FOR THE THERMAL STRESSES

Takeo Takahashi

Article type: Article
1961 Volume 68 Pages 53-59
Published: June 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.68.0_53

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To calculate the thermal stresses of rigid frames by the slope deflection method, considering unequal distribution of temperature at any cross sections of the members, we must calculate the constant terms 〓_<AB>, 〓_<AB>, H_<AB> and H_<AB> which are called the "load-terms" of the slope deflection equations. In this report, the formulas of load-terms both in general and in special cases are presented. And the tables of d_<A(0)>, d_<B(0)>, and load-terms in various cases for linear distribution of temperature at the cross sections and for the axial direction of the members are indicated.

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9) ON A STUDY OF A SIMPLIFIED SPACE FRAME ANALYSIS

Minoru Makino

Article type: Article
1961 Volume 68 Pages 60-66
Published: June 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.68.0_60

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This paper is concerned with the approximate analysis of simple rigid space frames. A space frame may be projected on a plane with the equivalent stiffness which is derived from the generalized slope deflection equations provided that the deformation of a frame due to load exists mostly about a certain axis. Analizing the projected plane frame with the ordinary method, the moment distribution is expressed with the components about the axis which is normal to the projected plane. The final distribution of stresses can be obtained with respects to the equilibrium condition of the original frame and the direction and stiffness of the members. The results are fairly correspond to the exact solutions which are obtained from the generalized slope deflection equation method. If the behaviour or deformations on a structucture can be appreciably considered with respects to the stiffness of members, the procedure of this analysis is applicable to the more intricate structures.

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10) EFFECTS OF DEFORMATION OF GIRDER AND SLAB IN ONE-STORIED STRUCTURE ON LATERAL FORCE DISTRIBUTION : Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Structures which provided with Transverse Walls at Both Ends and Longitudinal Walls

Koichiro Yamada

Article type: Article
1961 Volume 68 Pages 67-75
Published: June 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.68.0_67

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In this poper, which is the continuation of the studies written by the author in Transactions of the Architectural Institute of Japan (No. 59, No. 60, No. 63), the author deals with theoretically the effects of the longitudinal walls on the restraints of the deformation and rotation of slabs when the lateral forces act upon the symmetrical and unsymmetrical one-storied structures, which are provided with the transverse walls at the both ends and the longitudinal walls. The conclusions obtained from this analysis are the followings: (1) The longitudinal walls have effect on the restraints of the deformation and rotation of slab. The effect is not so large, however, that the lateral force distribution method based on the conventional principle, that is, the principle that slabs are perfectly rigid and the torsion of buildings is considered, can not be accepted generally in structural design when the shape of the slab between the transverse walls is slender in the longitudinal direction. So the limitations which can be accepted abobe mentioned lateral force distribution method are presumed as the followings. n≦(3〜4) spans: the number of the span between the transverse walls (2) The shearing forces and torsional moments carried by the longitudinal walls are both so small that they can be neglected in structural design. (3) The shearing force distribution among the columns of rigid frames of the longitudinal direction and the torsional moment distribution among the columns and transeverse walls are decreased by the effects of the longitudinal walls, and they can be neglected in structural design. where transverse direction: direction of the action of lateral forces longitudinal direction: direction perpendicular to the transverse direction transverse walls: walls of the transverse direction longitudinal walls: walls of the longitudinal direction

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11) EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON REINFORCED MORTAL SLABS WITH RECTANGULAR OPENING

Yoshizo Dobashi

Article type: Article
1961 Volume 68 Pages 76-83
Published: June 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.68.0_76

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The author has previously checked up the propriety of the fundamental assumptions in the solution for the rectangular plate with an opening and discussed on the accuracy of the solution The experiment introduced in this paper is made on purpose to compare their characteristics and behaviors in cracking with those of the corresponding regular slabs without openings. Two types of slab different in the location of the opening are adopted here.

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12) STRESS ANALYSIS OF THE WELDED STEEL CONNECTIONS : H-type Beem-to-column Connections

Sadayoshi Igarashi, Jun Sakamoto

Article type: Article
1961 Volume 68 Pages 84-88
Published: June 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.68.0_84

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The beam-to-column connections play a key role in determinating whether structures will reach it's ultimate load or not. So the connections must provide for a sufficient strength, rigidity and plastic quality. Ordinarily in the beam-to-column connections, when the beam flange force is transmitted to the column flange and web, the stress surface is abruptly changed and then the stress distribution is remerkably irregu-lated For instance, the local deformation of the column flange by the concentrated beam flange force causes the stress concentration in the beam flange and column web, so that fracture is most likely to start at the middle point of the column flange where it is restrained by the column web. This paper investigates these phenomena in the H-type beam-to-column connections and indicates the effective width of the column web and the degree of stress concentration in the beam flange. The column flange thickness effects excessively on the effective width of the column web and stress concentration in the beam flange. When the column flange is thicker than the beam flange the effective width decreases remarkably. In the result of numerical calculation, when the column flange thickness is no less than beam flange thickness, the effective width is about 0.85a_c (a_c: column flange breadth) and maximum stress in the beam flange reaches 1.6〜2.0 times mean stress.

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13) A THEORETICAL STUDY ON SETTLEMENTS OF BEARING PILES

Kunio Yamagata

Article type: Article
1961 Volume 68 Pages 89-97
Published: June 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.68.0_89

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This paper contains several theoretical discussions on settlements of bearing piles due to loading. In the differential equationn (3) on displacement u of an element cut perpendicular to the pile axis at depth z, skin friction-displacement curves on clay layers are assumed to be expressed approximately by the perfectly elastic and plastic lines as shown in Figure 3, and displacements of the points expressed by coefficients of subgrade reaction are considered as boundary condition. The solutions are obtained in each cases which single clay layer or some clay layers rest on base foundation, throughout from elastic range to plastic range of distribution of skin-friction f. From the comparison between the solutions and the results of loading test on one steel pile and pedestal pile, it is appeared that the Approximation on skin friction-displacement curves mentioned above is useful enough for practical purpose on analysis of the settlements. The characters of load-settlement curves, distributions of strain and displacement along pile axis due to loading, and the ratio of point-resistance to load etc, are discussed under the various conditions of clay layer and base foundation.

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14) DAMAGE OF WOODEN HOUSES FROM ISE-BAY TYPHOON AT A NEW RESIDENTAL QUARTER OF NAGOYA-SHI

Hideo Sugiyama, [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japan ...

Article type: Article
1961 Volume 68 Pages 98-106
Published: June 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.68.0_98

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This paper reports the effect of the Ise-Bay Typhoon of September 26th, 1959, on th wooden dwelling houses of a new residental quarter at Idakanishiyama, Nagoya-shi. This quarter divided into 94 lots contained, at that time, 5 vacancies, 79 wooden houses and 10 houses built by other construction than timber, the greater part of houses being under construction just before completion. This quarter is located at the foot of downward slope facing south-east and is surrounded by no shelter. Therefore, all houses were, under almost same condition, exposed direct to the heavy wind shifting from east to south. By this reason, a great deal of damage was done to wooden houses. A summary of conclusion based on our investigation follows: (1) When typhoon, the damage of opening such as window, glass door, etc. gives a structural deathblow to houses. Therefore, it ts necessary, when typhoon, to give emergency works such as covering of opeings, structural reinforcement, etc. to houses being in course of construction. On the other hand, it is necessary, in established houses, to watch the openings during typhoon, and to give them immediate repair in case of damage. (2) Generally speaking, the conditions of light roof, low-pitched roof and deep eave, which are found in metal roofing, are very unfavourable against wind. In long size sheet iron roofing, carefullness is especially required, because the damage of this roofing tends to be wide-spread and heavy in case of damage. On the other hand, Japanese clay tile roofing (Kawara roofing) is favourable against wind, because the area of damage is very small and, furthermore, repair is easy. Experience of investigation, however, suggest that metal roofing is more advantage than Japanese clay tile roofing against wind, as far as construction of truss roof and roofing work at the ends of eave and verge are complete and safe, (3) High building is not all/always disadvantage against wind. In other words, there is no relation between the height of building and the degree of damage. (4) Lately built wooden houses constructed on the basis of Buildieg Standard Law Enforcement Order are fixed on the continues footing and satisfy nocessary structural strength, so their frames are almost safe, from the point of structural strength, against wind, as far as considerable structural defect do not exist. According to the result of investigation, however, method of connection between diagonal bracing and column or horizontal member, or method of joint between column and horizontal member is not all approval and these brought indirectly two houses to collapse. Therefore, this problem seems to demand us reconsideration. There is need for giving wide-spread knowledge of timber structure to designers and field engineers who are actually building and maintaining wooden houses and for reeducating them. (5) Japanese earth-plaster wall construction tends to be fallen off, when beaten by wind and rain under construction, conequently resistance of building against horizontal force is reduced.

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15) RELATION BETWEEN HEATING AND ROOM TEMPERATURE

Fusao Hasegawa

Article type: Article
1961 Volume 68 Pages 107-115
Published: June 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.68.0_107

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Room temperature θ_i(t)_R caused by a heat source f_R(t), for example, out-door temperature or solar radiation, may be computed from following expression, [numerical formula] (1) where ψ_R(t) is the "weight function for thet heat source". The heat flow W_R(t) which enter into the room by the heat source f_R(t) will be called "equivalent heating of f_R(t)" because it reduces the heating load of the room so much. Using W_R(t), room temperature θ_i(t)_R depending on f_R(t) may be computed from following expression, too, [numerical formula] (2) where ψw(t) is the "weight function for heating" and W_R(t) is gained from [numerical formula] (3) And therefore, room temperature θ_i(t) and "total heating W_T(t)" which is the total of actual heating and all "equivalent heatings" are shown by following formulae, respectively; [numerical formula] [numerical formula] (4) [numerical formula] (5) where Q is "heat capacity of the room" and δ(t) is Dirac's "Delta function". Substituting [numerical formula] and n→∞ in these formulae, the solution in periodic case is gained. Formulae (4) and (5) show the relation between actual heating and room temperature under influences of out-door temperature and solar radiation and so on, then if one of the two quantities is arranged the other may by computed from either formula (4) or (5). ψw(t) and s_<im>(t) in (4) and (5) are gained from J_<im>(t). Though j_<im>(t) is the function consists of infinite series of exponential terms, it may be substituted in practical calculation dy j_<im>(t) which is the approximate function of j_<im> similary, in computing "equivalent heating W_R(t)", j_R(t) may be substituted by j_R(t) which is the finite series of exponential terms. Many solutions may be gained in accordance with substituting method of j_<im>(t). Prof. Maeda uses following substitution; j_<im>(t)→j_<im>(t)+Q_<im>・δ(t) (6) and Dr. Fujii, in addition to (6), uses j_0(t)→j_0(t)+Q_0・δ(t) (7) Suphixes in (6) and (7), im and 0 denote heating and out-door temperature, respectively, and Q_<im> and Q_0 are the quantities of instantaneous heating at t=0, and are calculated from [numerical formula] (8) where suphix R denotes im or 0. However, when Q_R≒0 there happen many inconveniences in calculation, so that the writer recommended Q_R=0. Using finite series of exponential terms as j_R(t), the writer shew the calculating method of heating which will form the required room temperature of any time range.

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16) EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON VENTILATION BY THE ROOF MONITOR

Chitoshi Katsuta, Takeshi Sekine

Article type: Article
1961 Volume 68 Pages 116-120
Published: June 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.68.0_116

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17) EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON VENTILATION BY THE OPENING OF WALL SURFACE

Chitoshi Katsuta, Takeshi Sekine

Article type: Article
1961 Volume 68 Pages 121-127
Published: June 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.68.0_121

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1. Calculation of ventilating volume of roof monitor equiped with structure which is caused by wind, is as illustrate Fig (1), indicate to the following equation. [numerical formula] (1) [numerical formula] (2) [numerical formula] (3) where P_i: wind pressure at inlet on wall surface, mmAq P_<m0>: wind pressure at roof monitor, mmAq V: wind tunnel velocity, m/s c_i: coefficient of wind pressure at inlet on wall surface c_<m0>: coefficient of wind pressure at roof monitor (for venilating calculation) ζ_i: pressure loss coefficient at inlet on wall surface ζ_<m0>: pressure loss coefficient at roof monitor V_i: average velocity of wind through inlet at wall surface m/s V: average velocity of wind through the part of roof monitor m/s 2. In order to calculate the equation (1), both ζ_<m0> in the equation (1) and C_<m0> in the equation (3) are susulted from wind tunnel experiment. 3. As for c_<m0>, it is calculated by use of the following equation, [numerical formula] (4) where P_<s0>: total pressure of the room when v=v_i=0. Wind pressure P_<m0> and coefficient of wind pressure c_<m0>, have the rather different meaning from those of construction calculating. They may be vanouse according to kind of roof monitor, velocity of wind tunnel and direction of wind, (see Fig 1) 4. ζ_<m0> is calculated by use of following equation, [numerical formula] [numerical formula] (5) where P_<sv>: total pressure of the room when v≒0 P_<m0>: total pressure of the room when v=0 (P_<m0>=P_<s0>) and following expression is proved ζ_<m0>=f(θ,v/V) θ: wind direction ζ_<m0> sudject to v/V and θ, are indicated, (see Fig 7〜10)

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18) REPORT ON THE EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF THE PRESSURE LOSSES OF BOX TYPE SOUND ATTENUATORS

Muneshige Nagatomo

Article type: Article
1961 Volume 68 Pages 128-132
Published: June 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.68.0_128

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1. All experiment on natural ventilation by the opening on wall of structure which have been made are study when air flows from the static air outdoor to the static space in door. But in respect of the opening of structure in natural wind, influence by natural wind, pressure loss at the opening on wall is to be different from that in the static air. So we made wind tunnel experiment using the models of the structure equipped with the opening on wall and obtained ventilating property of the opning in natural wind. 2. For example in Fig. 1, ventilating volume of structure by wind is given in following equation [numerical formula] (1) where [numerical formula]: wind pressure at inlet on wall, mmAq. [numerical formula]: wind pressure at outlet on wall, mmAq V: wind tunnel velocity c_i: coefficient of wind pressure at inlet on wall c_0: coefficient of wind pressure at outlet on wall ζ_i: coefficient of pressure loss at inlet on wall ζ_0: coefficient of pressure loss at outlet on wall v_i: mean wind velocity at inlet on wall v_0: mean wind velocity at outlet on wall ζ_k: coefficient of pressure loss in each part of room v_k: mean wind velocity at each part of room 3. To make calculation of ventilating volume by equation (1) possible, ζ_0, ζ_i, c_i, c_0 was defined by wind tunnel experiment. c is given by the following equation (see Fig 1-(b)) [numerical formula] (2) where p_<s0>: pressure of room when mean wind velocity of opening, v=0 ζ is given by following equation (see Fig 1-(b)) [numerical formula] (3) [numerical formula] (4) where p_<sv>: pressure of room when wind velocity at opening, v=v_i=v_i or v_0 and [numerical formula] is defined and where v/V and θ is changed variously is indicated, (see Fig 5〜10) 4. This experiment study is made useing models of detouched house and that of 4 storied apartments building and c, ζ at opening defined.

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19) ON THE NATURE OF STREET NOISE AND THEIR ATTENUATION BY DISTANCE FROM THE STREET ROAD

Shin-ichi Kuga

Article type: Article
1961 Volume 68 Pages 133-142
Published: June 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.68.0_133

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In recent years, the air velocity in an ari-conditioning duct system is going to become higher, so the fan noise is increasing because of the higher pressure and the higher horse power. The greater parts of the eneryg of the fan noise are contained in low frequencies. Therefore, it seems to be unsuitable to attenuate the fan noise with acoustic lining ducts, for ordinary sound absorptive materials, as linings, have small sound absorption coefficient at low frequencies, and have high pressure losses of friction in a high speed duct system. The box type sound attenuator has good attenuation characteristics at low frequencies by calculating the length and the enlarging ratio of the cross sectional area of the box to that of the straight duct. To apply the box type sound attenuator to the practical use of the high speed duct system, an experimental research of the pressure losses due to area changes of the box type sound attenuator has been done. This report shows, as the result of the experimental research of the practical scale of the box and air velocity, that: 1. The normal box type attenuator has a smaller total pressure loss coefficient "ξ_t" than the sum of the pressure loss coefficient of abrupt expansion and abrupt contraction. 2. "ξ_t" becomes 3. "ξ_t" becomes 4. By adding the normal type. 5. By adding the the normal type. 6. But it has not hausting side of smaller as the enlarging ratio "m" becomes larger, larger as the length of the box "l_0" becomes larger. cone type hopper to the entering side of the box, "ξ_t" becomes larger than "ξ_t" of the cone type hopper to the exhausting side of the box, "ξ_t" becomes smaller than "ξ_t" of so large effect on "ξ_t" to add cone type hopper either to the entering side or to the ex-the box.

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20) EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE ACOUSTICAL DIFFUSING EFFECT OF DIFFUSER AND DIFFUSING WALLS BY THE MEANS OF MODEL ROOM

Masayuki Matsui

Article type: Article
1961 Volume 68 Pages 143-152
Published: June 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.68.0_143

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In this report, in the begining, the acoustical powers and spectrums of running traffics on the street roads were measured, and then the nature of average street noise levels which were composed of many traffic noises were investigated. In the investigation, the relation between the street noise level and the number of running traffics were examined. Finally, the street noise level attenuation by distance from the street road were analized and the theo-retical nature of attenuation were compared with the measured street noise level at the windows of high-storied building, and then it was concluded that a street road would be regarded as if it was a infinit long belt type accumulation of many point sources.

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21) EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE SOUND DIFFRACTION BY THE SCREEN

Zun-iti Maekawa

Article type: Article
1961 Volume 68 Pages 153-158
Published: June 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.68.0_153

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In this study, the author has performed a model test to clarify the sound effect by diffuser, which is often used, as one of the various methods which are employed in practising an acoustical designing to diffuse the sound field in an auditorium of other. The reflective rooms were adopted as model rooms, which are 4.08m×2.85m×2.2m in dimensions and 0.8m×0.75m×0.43m, that is, one fifth of the former, respectively. As diffusing elements, a triangular and a semi-cylindrical diffuser were adopted for the former room, and the latter, for which a triangular, a cylindrical, and a partially spherical diffuser were used. As to the latter room, a measurement has been made to clarify the effect when the uniform absorption properties was given to the surfaces of the interior, and for that purpose, sheets of paper and cotton cloth wered sticked on them. The diffusing effect has been shown as the irregularity of the reverberation curve by pulse in terms of δp and Ld, as in the following, δp; mean fluctuation of the difference of peaks and dips during the time when the value at a point on the reverberation curve has decreased by A dB. Ld; ratio, in percentage, of the length of the curved part, to that of the linear one, between a certain distance on the reverberation curve. The results of the measurement could be briefly stated as follows, (1) In descending order of the diffusing effect are spherical diffuser, polycylindrical diffuser, and triangular diffuser. (2) The more the number of the walls with diffusers attached, the more favorable is the effect. (3) The relations between the location of a sound source and that of a diffusing wall are not distinct. Therefore, their mutual locations are required to determine on the geometrical principles of acoustics. (4) The irregularity of a reverberation curve can be improved by increasing the absorption properties. (5) To give the properties of the absorption of low frequency to the surface of a diffuser, produces a like effect with the increased dimention of it. (6) The diffusing parts of walls are required to amount to some 50 or 60% of the whole to obtain a sound field in a rectangular room.

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22) THE ORGANIZATION OF ARCHITECTURAL MODULAR NUMBER TABLES

Chikara Toida

Article type: Article
1961 Volume 68 Pages 159-166
Published: June 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.68.0_159

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The sound diffraction by a semi-infinite plane screen with knife-edge was measured by AC pulses; short tones with more than 10 seccesive waves from a source at finite distances. This results shows good agreements with diffraction theory of S.W. Red fearn (phil. Mag. 7th. 1940). From the practical point of view, the anther shows that Kirchhoff's diffraction theory is so valuable as it can express the diffraction effects more simply by one parameter and one curve, and it ts applicable to a source or receiver at any distance and to any diffraction angle within ±2db approximately, taking the Fresnel's zone number N as the parameter. Above theories are calculated for a completely absorbent screen, but the experimental results measured by a screen of naked Hornogen-bord show reasonable agreement with the theoretical values, whereas the results by a screen lined with glass-wool-blanket were heigher than that values. It seems to be the term of screen surface condition does not depend on the reflection from the surface, but on the absorption at glancing incidence by screen surface, and unfortunately the factor of this absorption is never considered by any theory of diffraction. Several measurements about the effects of barrier shape were made. The results by a barrier of right angle wedge snow a curve of same form with a curve of diffraction by knife edged plane screen, but few db lower values. The results of experiments on the effects of edge width of screen on diffraction show that, when the edge width is smaller than one or a half wave length the effects of the width are negligible. But when the edge width is not smaller than wave length the measured valnes are reasonablly large.

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23) COLOR (COLOR CONDITIONING) INFLUENCE ON FIRST MENSTRUATION

Sukeo Kojima

Article type: Article
1961 Volume 68 Pages 167-171
Published: June 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.68.0_167

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The Architectural Modular Numbers were set forth by The Architectural Modular Commitee. These Numbers almost match the numbers that have been expressed by the worlds modular number systems. But, yet, between some of the numbers there are no relationships. These numbers can be so arranged in relationship to the same character that their mutual relationship can be researched. I present One such Organized Modular Number system that has a relationship between all the numbers. [table] The Organized Modular Number System is interesting in the following ways. It is common to the world module systems. It is common to E.P.A. preffered number system. The Modular Number Pattern. Dφ U.S.S.R. modular numbers. This modular numder can be compared with the Inch and Metric system. Thus it is common to all the world. It is possible to arrive at Proportional Division by this system, (Aquasi-Golden mean) i.e. 2:3:5:8 Ratio. Here all relationship's are possible. With this modular numder system multiplication is possible which is always accurate and easily provides the answer. Hear at a glance we can understand the divisibility and multiplicity of each modular number. Each number is expressed in only one organized relationship. If we can remember this Organic System, then any where, any times, we can easily apply it by simple memory.

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24) CLINICAL DISTRIBUTION OF IN-PATIENTS IN THE GENERAL HOSPITAL : Studies in the functions and design of hospitals

Makoto Ito, Yukiko Yamada

Article type: Article
1961 Volume 68 Pages 172-177
Published: June 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.68.0_172

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There are two Middle Schools, One is Color Conditioning School and the other is Non Color Conditioning School. It seems that girls who take lessons in that school, grow up faster than girls who take lessons in this school. I think that they are influenced by Color Conditioning. I have examined the real aspects of school girls and collected the date of "Color Influence on their first Menstruation" since five years over. I am going to illustrate above mentioned facts.

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25) THE VIEW ABOUT THE HABITATION BY THE SOCIAL CLASSES

Makoto Ohgida

Article type: Article
1961 Volume 68 Pages 178-183
Published: June 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.68.0_178

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One of the basic general consideration is planning nursing unit is the clinical distribution of beds. It is a necessary condition to know the proportion of the type of medical care. For this purpose, we investigated the type of medical service, age and sex of in-patients in all hospitals in Aichi Prefecture. Table shows the result of the investigation by size of hospital and it may by play effective role for planning of nursing unit. Clinical distribution of in-patients in hospital (Aichi Prefecture) Oct. 1, 1959 [table] 1. The Middle Class In this class, the most of them have the opinion that a dwelling must be entirely for their families only. So they think of their homes as a space to enjoy the home-life. We named like this view as "Epicurean type". And this type is typical in the white collar classes. 2. The Labor Class This class wishes to enjoy the home-life, too. But by their socal circumstances, they cannot be completely "Epicurean type". And so, the irrational factors become to be contained in their opinions. 3. The Farmer class In this class, the view which think of the dwelling area as a space for the ceremonies, for instance, the marriage, funerals and etc., are not few. We called like this view "Old Custom type".

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26) ON THE HOUSES PRODUCING WASHI (JAPANESE PAPER) IN TOHOKU DISTRICTS : The study of the connection between "the emanation of producer" and "the process of forming workspace". II.

Kazuo Kusano

Article type: Article
1961 Volume 68 Pages 184-189
Published: June 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.68.0_184

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The constitution of farm-houses, have already been discussed from many sources. But the fact is that the work-space which ocupies half of their settlement, are affected by classification and scope of producing goods as a sid-job. Especially farm-houses, which have become work-shop as a natural consequence under the feudal Edo era, should be grasped in connection with the process of originating producer and its necessary scope. In this report the houses producing "Washi", which continued from the sericultural houses reported last transactions, are analysed in the connection with the emanation form of producers and management scope. Farther more "Kamiya" are also discussed.

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Bibliography
1961 Volume 68 Pages 190-200
Published: June 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.68.0_190

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
1961 Volume 68 Pages App1-
Published: June 25, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.68.0_App1

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