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Article type: Cover
1976Volume 241 Pages
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Published: March 30, 1976
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Article type: Cover
1976Volume 241 Pages
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Published: March 30, 1976
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Article type: Appendix
1976Volume 241 Pages
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Published: March 30, 1976
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Article type: Index
1976Volume 241 Pages
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Published: March 30, 1976
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Article type: Appendix
1976Volume 241 Pages
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Published: March 30, 1976
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TOYOKAZU SHIIRE, YOSHIRO MASUDA
Article type: Article
1976Volume 241 Pages
1-8
Published: March 30, 1976
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The purpose of this study is to clarify the thermal properties of fresh mortar and fresh concrete. To reveral these properties, time-dependent thermal constants of mortar and concrete in hardening process, such as thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity are investigated by experiments. Heat fluxes and temperature distributions in specimen are measured at 1-minute intervals. On the basis of this experiment, thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity are calculated from steady-state solution of temperature distribution and from transient solution, respectively. The conclusions are obtained as follows : (1) Thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity slightly increase during the age of 3 days and specific heat, on the contrary, shows the tendency of decreasing. They reach to almost constant value after the age of 3〜6 days. (2) Time-dependent thermal properties of mortar and concrete are described as the average of the products between thermal constants of component materials and concentration of the materials in each age.
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YASUO HAGA
Article type: Article
1976Volume 241 Pages
9-18
Published: March 30, 1976
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This paper describes such results of re-observations of the differential settlements of structures on point-Bearing pile foundations. No settlement of the ground surface due to lowring the water table occurred, when we observed the 1st results. However, Now the settlement of ground surface added the negative skin friction to many piles. 1. The differential settlements of structures are decreased by-the negative skin friction of piles. However the limiting deformations of structurs for crack formation are decreased. 2. The computed value of negative skin friction of piles under the end columns are largeer than the piles under the centre columns.
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HIDEAKI KISHIDA, AKINOBU TAKANO, KAZUO TAMURA
Article type: Article
1976Volume 241 Pages
19-31
Published: March 30, 1976
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The impact stresses in concrete piles during driving are analysed by Smith's method. The effects of significant parameters such as the pile-driving hammer, driving assemblies, size of pile, and soil condition are evaluated and the idealized load-deformation characteristics of skin friction and point resistance of pile are proposed. The computed impact stresses are compared with 4 actual field tests, and the results show a fairly good agreement. The pile breakage due to the impact tensile stress during driving is analysed and the estimated phenomenon is confirmed by the observed result. The calculation of the impact stresses in concrete piles during driving are carried out for 6 cases of different soil conditions which represent the major types of soil deposits in urban areas in Japan. From such an analysis appropriate piles and driving equipment can be selected to avoid the pile breakage.
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BEN KATO, HIRAO FURUZAWA, KOJI MORITA
Article type: Article
1976Volume 241 Pages
33-41
Published: March 30, 1976
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The accuracy of estimation on the size of weld defects with the ultrasonic angle beam testing is investigated statistically and the results obtained are summarized as follows. 1) In case of the ultrasonic testing, the accuracy of the estimation on the size of weld defects differs significantly by the inspectors with their knowledge, experience and so on even if they have the same qualifications. 2) Among the methods of the estimation of the length of weld defects, the accuracy of estimation with the vanishing echo method is the best, and that with the 10dB dropping method is better than that with the 6dB dropping method. The length of weld defects can be estimated with the ultrasonic B scope method and the vanishing echo method as accurately as X-ray testing so far as adjusting previously the effective beem width. 3) The accuracy of estimation of the height of weld defects with the ultrasonic B scope method and the 6dB dropping method is almost as same as that of the length of weld defects. As the height of natural weld defect is small in general, it is necessary to estimate the height of weld defects more accurately if the estimated height of weld defects is desired to use for the classification of the weld defect. 4) The echo height correlates with the height of weld defects so far as the height does not exeed about 6mm., but, it is unsuitable to subdivide the echo range for the classfication of the weld defects as the variance of echo height around the regression line has large value.
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MINORU TOMIZAWA, NAGAMI YAMADA
Article type: Article
1976Volume 241 Pages
43-54
Published: March 30, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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For the purpose of estimating the probability of failure, at a given level of nominal safety factor, of reinforced concrete building frame which is subjected to simple proportional lateral loads, the procedure of a monte carlo simulation approach is discribed in this paper. The simulation technique presented in this paper to treat both axial and bending deformations of frame members is the extended approach developed from J.J. HEALEY's method which dealt with bending deformation only in his simulation on random nonlinear beam behavior. From the results of the simulation, a plausible tendency of the characteristics of stochastic model to represent the overall distribution of observed failure load of reinforced concrete building frame has been obtained.
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TAKUJI KOBORI, RYOICHIRO MINAI, KOICHIRO ASANO
Article type: Article
1976Volume 241 Pages
55-63
Published: March 30, 1976
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A new analytical technique is presented for the assesment of non-stationary random response of the one mass building structure with strong nonlinearity. This technique consists of the following four procedures; (1) deriving the Fokker-Planck equation for the probability density function, (2) transforming it to the equation for the characteristic function when the hysteretic characteristics are expressed by the signum type function of the response processes, (3) expanding the characteristic function by using the second order moment functions, (4) solving the simultaneous differential equations with respect to the moment functions obtained by comparing the coefficients of dummy variables in the expansion of the characteristic function. On account of some restrictions included in the above-mentioned procedures, such hysteretic characteristics as bi-linear or tri-linear ones are approximated by the positive deficiency characteristics, and non-stationary earthquake type excitations are confined to pseudo stationary processes expressed by the product of the white or nonwhite gaussian process and the deterministic function with respect to time. After investigating the propriety of this technique by a simulation technique and others, some numerical results relating to the hysteretic random response characteristic in non-stationary or transient state are studied.
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Haruo TAKIZAWA
Article type: Article
1976Volume 241 Pages
65-77
Published: March 30, 1976
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MASAHIDE TOMII, TETSUO YAMAKAWA
Article type: Article
1976Volume 241 Pages
79-89
Published: March 30, 1976
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Tekeo MORI
Article type: Article
1976Volume 241 Pages
91-100
Published: March 30, 1976
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BEN KATO, HIROSHI AKIYAMA, HIROYUKI SUZUKI, YOSHIKAZU FUKAZAWA
Article type: Article
1976Volume 241 Pages
101-109
Published: March 30, 1976
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Dynamic behavior of steel structural models was observed to their ultimate collapse state under a simulated uniaxial earthquake motion, using an electro-hydraulic shaking table. Each structural model consists of a solid steel block and a supporting structural system and can be regarded as one mass vibrational system. Applied supporting systems are classified into two groups. One is of the rigid frame and another is of the braced frame. Measured items are acceleration of table motion, absolute acceleration of solid mass part and relative displacement of the supporting system. Preliminary static loading test was also made to determine the mechanical properties of the systems and the responses of the models to the measured table motions were calculated by digital computer. Dynamic test results were expressed in diagrams of inertia forces applied to the supporting system versus displacement of the system, and compared with the analytical. It may be concluded that although Bauschinger effect and the effect of strain rate may not be entirely neglected, the outlined feature of the models can be well predicted by the response analysis based on the static analysis.
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KOHJI SUMINO, KEIKICHI OHSAWA
Article type: Article
1976Volume 241 Pages
111-122
Published: March 30, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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A study based on E. Reissner theory has been made to analyse the bending stresses in simply supported rectangular plates subjected to a uniform loading (a) or a concentrated centre loading (b). The case (b) in the above problems has been ever analysed only by employing the finite element method. Some remarkes on stress distributions and the significant differences at the boundary conditions in comparison with those of the previous papers are noted. It will be important to take account of the above considerations for a formulation of Stiffness matrices of moderatly thick plate bending by Finite Element Procedure.
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GENGO MATSUI
Article type: Article
1976Volume 241 Pages
123-132
Published: March 30, 1976
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YUTAKA YAMAZAKI
Article type: Article
1976Volume 241 Pages
133-139
Published: March 30, 1976
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In previous paper, a theoretical treatment of earthquake response problems of a structure with non-deterministic variables was discussed. When using this theory practically, the stochastic properties of the non-deterministic variables concerning an earthquake response of a structure must be made clear. In this paper, the power spectral density properties of earthquake ground motions are investigated as one of these stochastic properties. Many strong earthquake records at the five locations in Hokkaido were analyzed here. From the result of this analysis, it became clear that the power spectral density properties of earthquake ground motions at a site can be statistically characterized by a sum of the power spectral density functions of the single-degree-of-freedom systems excited by white noise accelerations. Namely, the power spectral density function Sx_g(p) of an earthquake ground acceleration x_g is generally represented by Eq. 1. Based on this assumption, the mean values and the coefficients of variation of the stochastic variables on the power spectral density function for the 5 sites were obtained as shown in Table 2. The maximum coefficients of variation of the stochastic variables ω_g, ζ and s at the 5 sites are 0.16, 0.31 and 0.30, respectively.
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MORIHISA FUJIMOTO, TAKESHI OHKUMA, HISANOBU AKAGI, HIDENORI TSUKATANI
Article type: Article
1976Volume 241 Pages
141-151
Published: March 30, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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A method is investigated for the solution of time-dependent problems concerning wind flow and wind pressure around a structure in two-dimensional, turbulent, airflow at large Reynolds numbers. The method is numerical, using a computer, for the solution of a finite-difference approximation to the governing equations of motion, with subgrid scale effects simulated with eddy coefficients proportional to the local velocity deformation. The computational example is given about a long cylinder of square cross-section with a front angle of attack, and the result seems to be in good agreement with the experimental data. It is concluded that the numerical approach to the problem of such as a Building scale phenomenon is already profitable.
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KAHORU KITAURA
Article type: Article
1976Volume 241 Pages
153-164
Published: March 30, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The room space which we are included in, is not recognized by visual elements, but perceived by our whole system. This is the reason why there is no sense other than making an experiment in room space in order to make clear the psychological effects of the texture. Then, we want to analyze in detail why space perception is organized. Space perception depends on visual organs greatly, while other organs also interact space perception synthetically. Therefore, it occurred to us that we make use of the interior perspective drawings which are finished by interior materials to perceive the space perception. We searched for why effects of the texture of interior materials on the feeling of room space result in. We used the interior perspective drawings on behalf of three dimensional space. We researched for the factor structure of the texture of interior materials on the test piece, the perspective drawing and room space. Then, we expected to make clear the relations among them. As the result, the synthetic image in room space was indicated by the Factor of Richness. Where, the space perception of three dimensional space of our whole system acts heavily. Even if We have seen the interior perspective drawing instead of room space, we can not have it correctly. The perspective drawing can make some factor in the test piece put together as the Factor of Superficiality, but two dimensional. The Superficiality Factor is related to the Richness Factor tightly. Therefore, if we found the rule between them, it means that we find the way to analyze the effects of the feeling of room space.
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MOSUKE MORITA
Article type: Article
1976Volume 241 Pages
165-170
Published: March 30, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The author proposes two tables, of which the first deals with the relationship ('correspondence') between room types and human life, and the second with building types and human life. On the tables the human life is indicated by verious activities, and the author classifys them into five categories; i) body care or hygiene, like sleeping and eating, activities which cannot be done by others, ii) activities which can be performed for others, and so socially exchangeable, for instance, cooking, sewing, washing and labours generally, iii) activities with a gathering of people and things, for instance seeing drama, hearing concert, or buying goods in shops and seeing display in a museum and so on, iv) about storage of varieties of things, v) passing in buildings. The four categories of human activities i)〜iv) apt to make special room types for the sake of 'man hours' (the multiplication of number of men who use the room by hours which the room is used). For instance 1) sleeping room (eight hours every day by one or two persons), 2) auditorium (a few hours by mass of people), 3) working room and office (after the industrial revolution), 4) store room (for goods) and so on. Table 1, Show how the forty two room types have differentiated in modern community (in this table 21 building types are shown). The author notices that the passage and structural system are the tools which make the formation of rooms. On the otherhand the set of differentiated building types correspond to modern demoratic community life.
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NOBUAKI MORIMOTO
Article type: Article
1976Volume 241 Pages
171-180
Published: March 30, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper is an analysis of management process of rented-houses builted before World War II. What differences are there between management of tenement houses builted after the War and the rented houses before the War. What process is it to make consciousness of the managers who have rented-houses before the War. These are problems in this paper. It concluded that... (1) Before the War, it is possible that the economical management coexisted with the experiencial management. (2) Management of the rented-houses builted before the War had falled into "Kuitsubushi-Gata" and conciousness of managers are going near one of small landowner-ship.
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MASAHIKO SATO
Article type: Article
1976Volume 241 Pages
181-188
Published: March 30, 1976
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Kasuga Main Shrines are situated on the eastern boundary of of the city of Nara. These shrines face south, but Wakamiya Shrine stands facing west. Both the above shrines followed the custom of regular reconstruction every twenty years as late as the latter half of the fifteenth century. From then on these shrines continued to be rebuilt at this interval up to the rebuilding of the present shrines in 1863. The present Kasuga Main Shrines and Wakamiya Shrine are only 6 feet 6 inches wide and 8 feet 8 inches deep. As a result of investigating Kasuga Main Shrine records of the Koan Period, I could not find any reason to doubt that the present shrines and shrines of Koan Period were any different. They are the same. As a result of investigating the early Edo Period records of Wakamiya Shrine, I could not find any reason to doubt that the present shrines and shrines of Koan Period were any different. They are the same. As a result of investigating the early Edo Period records of Wakamiya Shrine, I could not find any reason to doubt that the present shrine and the shrine of the early half of Edo Period were any different. They are the same. Furthermore, it is reasonable to say that the scale of every new reconstruction followed that of the old shrine as this is true even today where the custom of regular reconstruction is under taken. Contents of this article are as follows : Preface. I. On Kasuga Main Shrines of Koan Period in 1286. I-1. On "Kasuga-sha Kyuden Gou Sunpo no Koto" recorded in September 1286. I-2. On the Name and Number of Parts of the Kasuga Main Shrines. II. On Wakamiya Shrine at the Early Half of Edo Period. II-1. On "Kasuga-Wakamiya-den Issha-bun Kiyari-cho" recorded in June 1619. II-2. On the Name and Number of Parts of the Wakamiya Shrine.
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YOSHIO TAMAKOSHI
Article type: Article
1976Volume 241 Pages
189-196
Published: March 30, 1976
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Diese Untersuchung ist die Fortsetzung von SEIRYODEN (1). 3.1 Miakamono-no-koto (Reinigung von der Sunde). Der Festort wird vor dem Yoruno-otodo errichtet, in den er mit Byobu (Faltwanden), Tsuitate (Wandshirmen), Misu (Bambusvorhangen), und Maku (Vorhangen) umschlossen wird. Die Zeremonie wird in der Finsternis der Silvesternacht durchgefuhrt. Das bedeutet, dass der Tenno in die Unordnung der Nacht, die sowohl Tod wie Leben enthalt, aufgenommen wird und dabei am Leben bleiben muss. Diese Zweideutigkeit (Tod-Leben) des Rituals wird durch den geschlossenen Raum des Festsortes, wo der Kaiser stirbt und wieder geboren wird, geschutzt. 3.2 Shihohai (Anbetung der vier Himmelsrichtungen). Am Neujahrstag wird bei Tagesanbruch im Ostgarten nahe beim Hiru-no-micho der Festsort errichtet. Inden er mit Byobu umschlossen wird. Darin betet der Tenno Himmel und Erde, seine Geburtssterne (kleiner Bar), das Mausoleum seiner Ahnen und die vier Himmelsrichtungen an. Er muss im geschlossenen Raum sein um mit den Grundelementen der Welt verkehren zu konnen. Die Orientierung lasst das Hier und Dort des Ortes in Hinsicht auf Hier ordnen, so macht der Festort durch die Bestimmung des Hier durch die Umschliessung die Orientierung (Himmelsrichtungen) deutlich, die ihrerseits die verschiedenen Elemente symbolisieren. 4.1 Mikusuri-o-guzu (Darbringung des geheimen Sake). Nach dem Shihohai trinkt der Tenno geheimen Sake (Toso) im Yoru-no-otodo sich gegen Osten wendend, und anschliessend anderen geheimen Sake im Hiru-no-miza, das mit Misu und Kicho umschlossen wird. Die beiden Handlungen haben eine analoge Bedeutung wie Miakamono-no-koto und Shihohai : der Tenno geht in die Unordnung ein und wird wieder daraus geboren. 4.2 Monoimi (Vermeidung des Verkehrs mit der Aussenwelt und Aufenhalt im Haus). Durch Monoimi glaubt man den Tod abzuwenden. Dass man sich vor Furcht vor der Aussenwelt in einem geschlossenen Raum einsperrt zeigt, dass die Wohnung die Ordnung des Lebens darstellt. 4.3 Otono-no-hogai (Fest der Hausgotter). Diese Zeremonie wird normalerweise in der Nacht, zur Zeit des Umzuges des Palastes oder wahrend der Kaiser vom Palast abwesend an einem grossen Fest teilnimmt, durchgefuhrt. Im Fall des Umzuges wirt Feuer, das man aus dem alten Haus mitgebracht hat, an den vier Ecken des neuen Yoru-no-otodo aufgestellt. Durch die Betonung des viereckigen geschlossenen Raumes gegen das Chaos der Finsternis wird der Aufbau des neuen Wohnortes erreicht. Aus den Gebetsworten des Otono-no-hogai kann man lesen, dass dieses Haus, SEIRYODEN, aus einer heiligen Ursache durch den Aufbau der Ordnung von Himmel und Erde mit heiligen Saulen errichtet wurde, und dass man die Hausgotter um Schutz von den bosen Geistern und den Uebeln der Nacht anbetet.
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