-
Article type: Cover
1984 Volume 341 Pages
Cover1-
Published: July 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Cover
1984 Volume 341 Pages
Cover2-
Published: July 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Index
1984 Volume 341 Pages
Toc1-
Published: July 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Index
1984 Volume 341 Pages
Toc2-
Published: July 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Index
1984 Volume 341 Pages
Toc3-
Published: July 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
NORIO INOUE
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 341 Pages
1-10
Published: July 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Two columns under a large number of repeated reversal laterl loads were analyzed by three-dimensional nonlinear Finite Element Method, wherein the columns were considered as being composed of core concrete, cover concrete, reinforcing steel and the bond between concrete and steel. The non-linear behavior of core concrete was represeted by assuming three-dimensional plasticity theory. The analyzed test sprecimen A is a column in which not only displacements and strains of longitudinal reinforcement but also strains of lateral reinforcement were measured in many locations. The specimen is suitable for the comparative study with the three-dimensional analysis. First the analysis for monotonically increasing loading is described, which is compared with the envelope of obtained experimental results. The obtained story deflections and the progressive process of yielding shows good coincidence with observed results. Next analysis for repeated reversal loading is described. Three cycles from the positive to negative region were analyzed, which were the initial cycles of repeated loops of a constant story deflection. Here story deflection and strains of longitudinal reinforcements are compared with observed results. Further strains of lateral reinforcements which are arranged not only parallel but also perpendicular to the lateral load are presented with observed ones. As the results their hysteretic behavior is well simulated. Further the specimen B was analyzed for two cycles. The obtained story deflection and strains of longitudinal reinforcements are compared with observed results.
View full abstract
-
HIROSHI MUGURUMA, FUMIO WATANABE
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 341 Pages
11-18
Published: July 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
In some situations, reinforced concrete columns subjected to combined shear force and bending moment fail in shear due to the loss of bond of main bars which is caused by the splitting of cover concrete. The object of this study is to establish the rational analytical method to estimate the load carrying capacity of column failing in such manner. The force distribution of main bar in column can follow the flexural analysis based on the plane-remain-plane assumption up to the development of diagonal shear crack. But, just after the occurrence of diagonal crack the force distribution of main bar changes considerably. Rapid increase of bond stresses and dowel actions occure at the bottom of diagonal crack and result in the peeling off of cover concrete and the loss of development bond stresses. By the observation of column shear test carried in this study, the authors derived an analytical method by using the special compatibility condition, that is, the total elongation of main bar should be identical to the virtual elongation of concrete at the layer of main bar, and the assumption of fan shaped compression stress field. Numerical calculations were performed on 20 column specimens. Calculated values of maximum capacity fairly agreed with the experimental ones. From this study, it was concluded that the analytical method proposed by the authors can be applicable to estimate the shear capacity of reinforced concrete column failing in bond splitting, provided the adequate value of splitting bond strength of main bar.
View full abstract
-
KAZUO SUZUKI, TADASHI NAKATSUKA
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 341 Pages
19-26
Published: July 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
For the limit state design or the establishment of more reasonable design method on anchorage zone in posttensioned prestressed concrete members, the behavior in ultimate stage and the bearing strength of anchorage zone should be revealed. In the previous paper, proposed equations for estimating the bearing strength of anchorage zone with the combination of circular loading plate, circular loaded surface and circular reinforcement are induced and good result of examination of those equations with experimental date is shown. This paper describes the failure mechanism and bearing strength of anchorage zone consisted of square bearing plate, square loaded surface, circular spiral reinforcement and concrete with lower strength which will be generally used in partially prestressed concrete members. On the discussion based on the results of experiment reported herein in which the variables considered are area of bearing plate, amount of reinforcement, covering depth and concrete strength, following concluding remarks are obtained. 1) Two failure types observed in specimens used in this experiment are similar to those occured in specimens reported in the previous paper. The failure type I and II are characterized by the failure of concrete surrounded by the circular reinforcement and the failure of concrete underside of the core, respectively (see Figs.3 and 4). 2) Equations (7) and (9) for the estimation of bearing strength of specimens are deduced considering the amount of reinforcement, the ratio of area of bearing plate to that of anchoring surface and the covering depth of concrete (see Figs. 5〜7 and 9). 3) The examination of feasibility of induced equations shows that the experimental values of bearing strength are estimated succesfully for practical use in the range from 0.8 to 1.2 times values by the induced equations (see Figs. 12 and 13).
View full abstract
-
HIROYUKI SUZUKI, BEN KATO
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 341 Pages
27-36
Published: July 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
This paper deals with an analysis of the ultimate strengths of concrete filled steel box elements subjected to an arbitrary combination of axial thrust, bending moment and shear force. A significant ultimate shear resitance of this composite is characterized by a stable truss action of both materials such that diagonal compression field develops through the filled concrete, while tension field is formed along the opposite diagonal direction of the steel web plates. An ultimate strength analysis was achieved based on the assumed ultimate stress field which reflects the above material behaviors. The solution is given explicityly in the form of an ultimate strength interaction curve of axial thrust and shear force. A notable feature of the solution is that this can be constructed graphically by use of the individual interaction curves for the filled concrete and the peripheral steel element, where each curve is obtainable independently of the other. Accuracy of the solution was examined by a series of experiment. It is verified that the solution gives, on the whole, a conservative estimate of the actual strengths of the tested specimens. More specifically, (1) the predicted strength is sufficiently accurate for the specimens with shear collapse mode, while for the specimens with bending collapse mode errors increase toward conservative side. (2) The solution is more accurate for the specimens whose steel elements have smaller volume fractions.
View full abstract
-
AKI NUMATA
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 341 Pages
37-45
Published: July 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Three different ways of surface treatment have been used in this test. They are : Surface treatment "R"; Rusted after removing mill scale by a disk sander. Surface treatment "SR"; Shot blasted and rusted. Surface treatment "S"; Shot blasted but not trusted at all. On the basis of this study, the following conclusions have been reached. 1. When the friction-type joint whose surface has been treated in the way of "R" or "SR" has several slips, friction coefficient tends to converge into a narrow extent, even though friction coefficient at the first slip has a wide extent. 2. Friction coefficient tends to increase rapidly, when the friction-type joint whose surface has been treated in the way of "S" has several slips. 3. The higher the load frequency is, friction coefficient has a tendency to have the lower value, when the surface treated in the way of "R" has several slips. 4. Bolt tension decrement which is up to 20% of the initial clumping force of the bolt has no effect on the fluctuation characteristics of friction coefficient, when the surface treatment is "R". 5. The effect of load frequency and bolt tension on fluctuation characteristics of friction coefficient of the surface treated in the way of "SR" is almost the same as that of surface treatment "R" in this test. 6. A method to estimate friction coefficient of the rusted surface which has several slips has proposed.
View full abstract
-
HIROSHI AKIYAMA
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 341 Pages
46-53
Published: July 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Any structures under earthquakes are exposed to the energy input due to earthquakes. The energy input depends only on the total mass and the fundamental natural period of the structure. The essentials of the earthquake resistant design must be aimed to establish the method which makes it possible for the structure to resist to the energy input. When the energy input is dispersed evenly over the entire structure, the energy distributed to a part of the structure becomes small and structural members can easily resist to the energy. In this case, however, it is rather difficult to estimate a probable distribution of the energy. On the other hand, when the energy absorption is bound in the first story of the multi-story structure, the first story must burden the concentrated energy input, but the other part of the structure can be released from the requirement for the energy absorption. In this paper the latter case is genrally discussed and the design criteria for the structure the first story of which is relatively soft and can absorb almost all of the energy input through elastic-plastic deformations and damping devices are presented.
View full abstract
-
HIROSHI AKIYAMA, MAKOTO TAKAHASHI
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 341 Pages
54-61
Published: July 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
In weak-beam type structures, the elastic columns act to supress an excessive development of deformation in a certain story after plastic hinges are formed in beams. Such elastic columns extending vertically may be generalized as a damage-dispersing structural elements. In this paper, elastic columns with such a damage-dispersing function are termed spreader columns. The effectiveness of spreader columns is investigated through response analyses on a basic analytical model involving the spreader column and Ds-values for such structures are derived.
View full abstract
-
TOSHIKATSU ICHINOSE, SHUNSUKE OTANI, KOICHI OUAMI
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 341 Pages
62-71
Published: July 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
During the 1978 Miyagi-ken-oki earthquake in Japan, many stacked crates collapsed in warehouses and factories, not only causing economic losses but also creating menace to the safety of workers. Full scale vibration tests were carried out to study the dynamic properties of the stack. Vibration modes at small amplitude were similar to that of the uniform flexural cantilever beam. At larger amplitude, the vibration period became longer, and the rocking motion was observed at the bottom of the stack. An analytical method was developed to reduce the dynamic properties of stacked elastic body into a single-degree-of-freedom model by means of Galerkin's method. The model considers the elastic vibration before uplifting, the conservation of angular momentum at the instance of uplifting and landing, and the decrease of base shear after uplifting.
View full abstract
-
SYUNZI OKAMOTO, YASUO NISHI, TAKEO KOZIMA
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 341 Pages
72-82
Published: July 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
In the preceding parts of this paper, the authors stated about the mathematical experession of projection given by obligue circular cone in the projection form which has circular contours. And they also indicated some equations of projections for oblique circular cylinder, right circular cone and right circular cylinder, which are all derived from the expression above mentioned through its specialization. Following the last publication, in the present paper the authors show the equation of projection for ellipsoid in the same projection form mentioned above. And also some equations of projections are shown for ellipsoid of rotation, sphere and paraboloid of rotation. Most of the equations are derived from the equation for ellipsoid through its specialization.
View full abstract
-
MASAKI NAKAO
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 341 Pages
83-90
Published: July 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
In the previous report, a transient method to determine the moisture diffusion coefficient for material is described. A mathematical model in the method is deribed by using some assumptions, and measuring errors are caused by the assumptions. The errors are analyzed by means of Laplace transformation method. In this paper, analyzed errors are examined by simulations for several materials. It is shown that errors, caused by heat and moisture interaction in the simulation, are 30% larger than analyzed errors. Therefore, analysis method is improved for more accurate prediction of the errors. Moreover, the improved error analysis is applied to compensate errors. It appears to be of significant value in the determinaton of the moisture diffusion coefficient.
View full abstract
-
MASAMI KOBAYASHI
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 341 Pages
91-97
Published: July 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Using the data of 3925 building fires occurred in Tokyo during 1981, a building firesafety system has been analysed. The material damage mitigation system whose function is to end a fire to be a slight one and is consited of two parallel subsystems which are initial fire extinguishing system and spontaneous fire extinguishment system has been analysed. The function of the initial fire extinguishing system is to put out a fire in its early stage by active measures such as fire-fighting with water or fire extinguishers and that of the spontaneous fire extinguisment system is to make a fire burnt itself out by passive measures such as making buildings and their contents noncombustible. Success rate of the above three systems have been computed by the difference of building structures and by the difference of fire prevention equipments installed to buildings. Among the 3925 buildings that caused fires, average success rate of the material mitigation system is .754 and that of the initial fire extinguishing system is .617 and that of the spontaneous fire extinguishment system is .358. Major causes of failure of the initial fire extinguishing system have been enumarated and examined using Fault Tree Analysis Method and 45% of the failures were originated from the delay of fire detection by people. Most of the fire spreadings within the fire-proof buildings, which were the result of failure of the spontaneous fire extinguishment system, were through opend or combustible doors and stairwells.
View full abstract
-
MAKOTO YANAGISAWA, KENICHI SUZUKI, EIKO SHIMIZU
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 341 Pages
98-108
Published: July 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
This study aims to make clear the problems of practice places for science, homemaking and art in current primary schools and propose how to plan them. The survey is divided in two general parts. First, we surveyed the change of special classroom's number existed at schools in 1972 and after five years. Second, we examined how style was used for learning, to practice each item presented on textbooks and where these activities were practiced at schools. The results are as follows; 1) The special classroom's number do not correspond to the change of student's number and there are different grades of demand for different types of special classrooms. 2) There are differences of needs among space, material and equipment to practice each item of the same subject. Then, we proposed to have a new practice place, having rearranged and joined items for practice of different subjects that had common needs for space, material and equipment.
View full abstract
-
JUNICHI YOSHIDA
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 341 Pages
109-116
Published: July 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The "Five-men Zuryo no Toryo" was the second class of the chief carpenters who were controlled by Nakai family, following the "Gofuchinin Toryo" class. During each reconstruction of the Kyoto-Gosyo, five chief carpenters were appointed for the position of "Zuryo Toryo." This paper consists of the following chapters. 1) Introduction. 2) The formation of the five chief carpenters. 3) The five chief carpenters of each reconstraction. 4) The position of the "Zuryo-Toryo" during the reconstruction. 5) The "Zuryo-Toryo" after the establishing of the public office of Nakai. 6) Conclusion.
View full abstract
-
KOICHI YOSHIDA
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 341 Pages
117-126
Published: July 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Les annees 1930 ont ete une periode ou l'on avait des inquietudes du nouvel avant-guerre sur l'augmentation de la tension politique et economique du monde. La plupart des batiments publics ont le style classique et monumental a cette epoque, puisque l'augmentation de la tension internationale a exige le symbole de la puissance et l'autorite, c'est-a-dire la monumentalite, de chaque pays. Les batiments classiques ont fait parade de la monumentalite a l'exposition internationale de Paris en 1937 qui a ete organisee avec l'intention de detente internationale. Auguste PERRET n'a pas pris part positivement a l'exposition, malgre qu'il ait eu joue un grand role dans le developpement florissant de l'architecture classique a cette epoque en France. Il a cependant presente un plan general de l'exposition dont l'objet principal etait le projet du nouveau palais du Trocadero. Le plan n'a, pas ete adopte a cause de la demission inopportune en bloc du cabinet, mais il a, en echange de cela, eu l'occasion de construire le Mobilier National et le Musee des Travaux Publics qui forment les oeuves principaux de toute sa vie. Le musee des Travaux Publics a aussi fait partie du terrain de l'exposition. Par ce musee, et puis le palais de Chaillot et les musees d'art moderne, on peut donc traiter du caractere architectural des pavillons de l'exposition de 1937, et meme de la situation generale de l'architecture dans les annees 30. Dans cette etude est exposee en detail la caracteristique architecturale des trois batiments mentionnes ci-dessus et aussi le pavillon de l'U.R.S.S. et celui de l'Allemagne qui sont oeuvres representatives de l'architecture de l'exposition. On appelle toujours a son aide la tradition superposee historiquement, quand on demande a l'architecture quelque chose au dessus de "la machine a habiter", c'est-a-dire qu'on considere l'architecture comme produit plus ou moins culturel. Et l'on trouve toujours la tradition la plus elevee dans le Classicisme. Le but de l'etude est de signaler la vertu universelle de tout temps du Classicisme.
View full abstract
-
KOICHI YOSHIDA
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 341 Pages
127-134
Published: July 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
L'eglise Notre-Dame du Raincy (1922-23) est tres connue pour son originalite architecturale comme modele de l'eglise du beton arme au temps moderne. Cette eglise a reellement exerce une grande influence sur le monde architectural dans le deuxieme quart de ce siecle. On peut compter, non seulement en France mais aussi dans le monde entier, nombreux exemples qui sont imitations ou meme copies de l'eglise. Elle se compose de deux parties, c'est-a-dire la partie du clocher de face et celle de la nef de derriere. On peut reprocher legerement a la premiere de son impression trop lourde et trop robuste en comparaison de la legerete de la deuxieme. L'essence de l'eglise consiste donc dans son espace interieur. A l'interieur, la lumiere deborde dans tous les coins en penetrant par les verres colores qui sont poses dans les claustra. Le mur, n'y supportant rien, peut s'appeler "le mur de la lumiere", qui est aussi un mot-cle de l'eglise gothique au 13 e siecle. L'eglise du Raincy s'appelle donc "Sainte-Chapelle du beton arme". Cette appellation n'est pas injurieuse, quoique le plancher du choeur soit plus haut que celui de la nef a l'eglise du Raincy. Elle a, en tous cas, acquis la meme qualite de l'espace interieur que celle d'une eglise excellente de l'epoque gothique, en utilisant les materiaux nouveaux du beton arme. Elle etait d'ailleurs modele de l'eglise moderne pendant 30 ans. C'est a savoir dans les annees 50 qu'on a trouve des autres eglises construites par l'esthetique tout a fait differente que celle de l'eglise du Raincy.
View full abstract
-
TAKESHI KOSHINO
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 341 Pages
135-141
Published: July 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Two Consulates of Russia in 1860 and of Britain in 1863 were among the earliest Western style buildings in Hakodate built immediately after 1859 when the city had opened her port for free trade simulteneously with Yokohama and Nagasaki. While of the former is known almost nothing, of the latter we have three drawings of plan in the Hakodate Municipal Library, although the erroneously noted dates of its erection and destruction by fire have caused certain confusion to survey the records concerning its building process. In May, 1860, C. P. Hodgson, first British Consul in Hakodate, contracted to rent a lot in Motomachi. The plans were drawn around September, 1861, after certain delay caused by recall of the Consul, besides technical difficulty to realize never experienced type of building. Works began only in March, 1862, when they ordered to import glass, locks, bolts etc., and were completed in April of the following year. But the building did not seem to satisfy the residents who complained of several matters, including 'the stove-pipes, that are altogether too small, in every way, not placed securely, as well as being so close to the timbers in the roof, that the whole building might be burnt and destroyed'. This prediction by Consul S. H. Wyse was unfortunately to become actual two years later, in February, 1865. Outline of the building will be studied in the sequel.
View full abstract
-
TETSUO MORIWAKI, HIROFUMI MATSUMOTO, TOSHIO EDA
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 341 Pages
142-149
Published: July 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
In large cities, many fires cause by a strong earthquake bring numerous disaster. To success the refuge of inhabitants from fires, it is necessary to consider not only shelter and refuge street but also inhabitant's refuge consciousness and refuge behaviour. Purpose of this study is to develop a refuge simulation system for presumption of the disaster situation by use of computer, which is considered behaviour rise from consciousness of evacuees. As the result, a practical refuge simulation system was developed, on account of employing practical refuge consciousness, refuge behaviour and fire form. And made it possible to appraise the dengerousness of large cities.
View full abstract
-
MICHIO KOIKE, KYOJI TANAKA, TAKASHI TOMIITA, SHIN-ICHI ODA
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 341 Pages
150-156
Published: July 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Mathematical experessions of visco-elastic behavior of two types of sealants, two-part polysulfide and two-part silicone sealants were investigated in this paper. Relaxation tests were adopted to study the behavior of sealants, and we found out that their behavior were able to be expressed by power rule. The tests were furthermore carried out at various temperature from -20℃ to 80℃ at 20℃-steps to know the effect of temperature changes, and the mathematical expressions of relaxation moduli including the function of temperature were obtained. Then, tensile and compressive tests were carried out at various rates from 0.005mm/min to 500mm/min, at the aforementioned temperatures. The behavior of two sealants in tension and compression were calculated by the equations derived from the above moduli, and the validity of the equations was discussed by the comparison between the calculated and observed ones.
View full abstract
-
[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 341 Pages
157-
Published: July 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 341 Pages
158-159
Published: July 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 341 Pages
160-
Published: July 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 341 Pages
161-162
Published: July 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 341 Pages
163-165
Published: July 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1984 Volume 341 Pages
165-166
Published: July 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
1984 Volume 341 Pages
App1-
Published: July 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Cover
1984 Volume 341 Pages
Cover3-
Published: July 30, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
