巻号一覧
25 巻, 2 号
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安間 正虎, 小田 桂三郎, 岐部 利幸1956 年 25 巻 2 号 p. 57-58
発行日: 1956/12/20
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーIn this paper, a report is given on some experimental results of practical application of the electrical resistance method with gypsum blocks to measurement of soil moisture in fields and in pots. BOUYOUCOS moisture meter was used to measure the block resistance. A simple sectional wooden mold was deviced for making the gypsum blocks. Blocks made by mixturing 40 gm gypsum with 23 ml of distilled water were found most suitable for measuring wide ranges of soil moisture content (Fig. 1). The uniformity-test or grouping of the blocks was carried out by means of the calibration curves showing the relation between the electric resistance and the moisture content of them during the course of drying under a definite temperature (Fig. 2). When dry blocks were installed into soils of moderate wetness, their resistance reached an equilibrium at 24 hours after installation (Fig. 3). And after irrigation of 6 mm water, blocks installed 3 cm below the soil surface reached the resistance equilibrium after 150 minutes. Even in the blocks of which 36 % of their original weight had diminished their other characters did not show any considerable changes compared with the unused blocks (Fig. 4). It was confirmed that the block resistance changed well in accordance with its moisture content on the basis of oven - dry weight. Calibration tests on the relation between block resistance and soil moisture content on the basis of oven-dry weight were carried out on field, in concrete-pots (2 ft × 2 ft × 1 ft) and in wire-baskets (12 cm × 8 cm × 6 cm). The results proved generally very close agreements between the resistance-moisture relation on field and that in pots. Between those in pots and in wire-baskets, the agreement was found also well, except 4∼5 % difference in soil moisture content at maximum being observed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (361K) -
神田 巳季男, 柿崎 洋生1956 年 25 巻 2 号 p. 59
発行日: 1956/12/20
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーA Series of experiments was conducted to examine the relations of planting density, stage of plant growth and fertility level of soil to intra-specific competition and cooperation among rice plants. During the period From planting to earing, there was observed a linear relationship between the logarithm of the density and logarithm of the yield (dry weight per unit area) and an attempt to fit KIRA's equation, Y=Kd EXP [1-a], an empirical relationship beteen density and yield was successful. In regard to the final yield, however, neither to the grain yield nor to the straw yield, KIRA's epuation gave any statistically good fit. In the present instance the regresions of grain yield and straw yield on density were found to be represented by the following empirical formulas, respectively. [numerical formula]抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (320K) -
西川 欣一1956 年 25 巻 2 号 p. 60
発行日: 1956/12/20
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーTo make clear the relation between the respiration rate and the flood injury in rice seedlings grown under different nitrogen conditions, this study was carried out under the guidance of Dr. N. ENOMOTO in 1954 and 1955 at the Crop Science Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University. Pot cultures of rice Senbon-Asahi were divided into two groups which received different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer, i. e. were grown with high and low N-levels, respectively. The respiration rate was measured by WARBURG manometer. Respiration rate as expressed by dry-weight basis was higher at the early stage of seedling growth, and decreased gradually as the plant grew. The seedlings grown on a high N-level showed higher respiration rate than that grown on a low N-level, and the former suffered flood injury strikingly after three days of flooding, while the latter showed remarkable resistance to submersion. When the seedling was submerged under water, the plant-length increased rapidly, but the dry-weight decreased. These results suggest that since the respiration is promoted on a higher N-level of nutrition, the respiration-substrate in the plant tissue under flooding is consumed more rapidly, the plant being thus brought to death within a short period.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (317K) -
玉井 虎太郎1956 年 25 巻 2 号 p. 61-63
発行日: 1956/12/20
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーIt is primarily important in planning an adequate irrigation program to know how crops absorb water during their growing periods. So the author has studied the water absorbing properties of several crops for some years with automatic recorders designed by himself. The results thus obtained are summarized as follows ; I. Variations of the water amount absorbed by crops during the growth period. As materials the following crops grown under autoirrigated conditions were used ; Annual······up-land rice ; Biennial······barley, vetch ; Perennial······fescue, geranium for perfume, navel orange, Natsudaidai (Citrus Natsudaidai HAYATA), peach. a) The passive absorption in these crops was larger in the water amount than the active. Therefore, the top-size of crops affected remarkably the water absorption. To a certain extent, the water absorption in these crops increased proportionally to their top growth (Fig. 1 and 2.). These results supported that of cane previously reported by the author (1955). Table I shows what a great influence the top-sige has on the water absorption of roots. b) The maximum water absorption period in annual and biennial crops, such as up-land rice, barley and vetch, coincided with their flowering periods (Fig. 1). In perennial crops, such as geranium and fescue, this coincidence was not clear (Fig. 2). In citrus and peach plants, having the maximum absorption period in Augast, there was no relation between the maximum absorption period and the flowering period. c) As the maximum absorption periods in these fruit trees and the fescue plant under them occur together in summer, the summer-cutting of fescue is an important practice for avoiding the scramble for water among those plants. II. OH the relation between the daily variation rate of the water absorption of crops and their growth period. A comparative study of daily variation rate in the water absorption among several crops in different growth periods was undertaken with automatic recorders. a) The periods of maximum daily variation rate in water absorption, in up-land rice, barley and vetch plants, respectively coincided with the period of maximum water absorption, i. e. the flowering period. And the daily variation rate decreased with ripening. At the end of ripening period, the daily variation of water absorption in up-land rice, barley and vetch plants disappeared completely. (Fig. 3 and 4) b) In the perennial crops, such as fescue and geranium, decreasing of daily variation rate with ripening was not observed, the variation being remarkable still in November. (Fig. 5 and 6) From the above mentioned results, it may be assumed that the daily variation rate in water absorption is a good index for root activity. The marked differences in the water absorbing properties among certain crops such as above mentioned should favourably be considered when the planning for watering is designed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (454K) -
原田 哲夫, 江戸 義治1956 年 25 巻 2 号 p. 64-66
発行日: 1956/12/20
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーMeechanisnl of the effects of 2, 4-D on lodging resistance in rice plant was investigated experimentally. The material plants were grown on seven plots of which six were sprayed with 2, 4-D at six different stages of growth respectively, i. e. 33, 25, 23, 18, 14, and 5 days before the earing time, another plot being left untreated for control. The lodging resistance of the plant was investigated physically by measuring the weight of stem internodes, bending moment, breaking strength, etc. and also histologically by examining structural development of the stem. The results were as follows : 1. When the plants had been treated with 2, 4-D at earlier stages of growth, the lower internodes grew longer, but their upper ones shorter, the culm height as a whole becoming lower and the plant being more resistant against lodging than the control plants. On the contrary, in the plants sprayed at later stages, e. g. 23, 18 or 5 days before heading, the upper internodes grew longer and the whole culm length became higher than in the control plants, the lodging resistace being reduced. 2. Abnormally elongated internodes brouht about by spraying were more often observed on main stems and on the tillers of lower positions. It might therefore be conceivable that spraying promoted elongation of those internodes where the activity of meristematic tissues was especially vigorous just at the time of the treatment; and that it suppressed conversely the elongation of internodes which came to develope after the spray had previously been applied. It was concluded that the most suitable time for applying 2, 4-D spray on rice plants, so far as its effect on lodging resistance is concerned, be the period prior to the beginning of internode-elongation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (499K) -
山崎 守正, 本多 靖1956 年 25 巻 2 号 p. 67-68
発行日: 1956/12/20
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーIt was observed by the authors that rice-straw-ash employed as top dressing on nursery beds promoted root-formation of rice seedlings after their transplantation, and moreover that the application done about 15 days before transplanting showed the most remarkable effect. Basing on the results of chemical analysis of seedlings concerned, it was assumed that supplying strawash at that time increased mostly sucrose content which is believed to be an important factor for hastening the root emergence of seedlings.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (401K) -
榎本 中衛, 山田 一郎, 穗積 清之1956 年 25 巻 2 号 p. 69
発行日: 1956/12/20
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーIn 1953 using a rice variety "Kyoto-asahi", the same authors made observations on the effect of different temperatures on the pollen germination on artificial media. And it was found that the maximum and minimum temperatures for germination were 42∼45°C and 12∼15°C respectively. In 1954, using many varieties, similar experiments were repeated for the purpose of finding out the temperature limits for pollen germination. The applied varieties amounted 23, including 14 Japanese (6 early, 4 medium and 4 late varieties) and 9 foreign varieties. Pollen were cultured on a starch paste medium kept at various temperatures. The results were given in table 1, which showed that the maximum temperature limits were 40∼45°C and the minimum limits were 7∼14°C (Japanese varieties: 10∼14°C). Slight varietal differences were found in respect to maximum and minimum temperature limits like thus: In Japanese varieties, the maximum temperature limits in medium varieties were significantly higher than those in early and late ones. The minimum temperature limits were the highest in the early varieties and next in the late ones and the lowest in the medium varieties. Comparing foreign varieties with Japanese ones, a statistically significant difference was found in the germination of pollen at minimum temperature, the temperature limits being lower in foreign ones than in Japanese ones.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (307K) -
榎本 中衞, 山田 一郎, 穗積 清之, 草薙 得一1956 年 25 巻 2 号 p. 70
発行日: 1956/12/20
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーIn 1955, experiments were carried out to know how pollen germination may be affected by low temperature given at different stages of primordial panicle development, comparing with non-treated control. Pot cultured plants of variety "Norin-22" were exposed to low temperature of 17°C at 6 succeeding different stages of 6 days period during primordial panicle development. Fresh pollen taken from flowers of each treated plots were subjected to germination tests on starch paste medium. Results were summarized in Figure 1. According to the figure, we can find an appreciable reduction in pollen germination in the plot treated by low temperatures during the heading and the blooming stage (Plot F), compared with those in other plots, the differences being statistically significant at the one percent level. The plot treated during the reduction division stage (Plot D) showed also lower percentage of germination than other plots except Plot F, and these differences were proved to be significant at five percent level. While among other plots (Plot A, B, C, E and control) no difference was found in the germination percentage. The percentage of sterile glume was also measured with the same material plants in all plots. The percentage of sterile glume in Plot F was observed to be higher than those in other plots. Those in Plot D and E were next to that in Plot F, and most of the sterile glume in Plot D belonged to so called "Hakufu", whch means dead white coloured glume. Other plots except Plot D, E and F showed very few differences compared with the control.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (319K) -
中村 公則1956 年 25 巻 2 号 p. 71-72
発行日: 1956/12/20
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーIn order to study the physiological relations between panicle bearing shoots and barren shoots in rice plant, some experiments were carried out using radioactivephosphorus (P32). P32 absorbed through the leaf surface was transferred from barren shoots to panicle bearing shoots, but not from the latter to the former. Two experiments were undertaken in order to know the cause of the translocation of P32 mentioned above, and this translocation of P32 might be understood from the facts that the metabolic activity of panicle bearing shoots is stronger than that of barren shoots.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (383K) -
高橋 成人, 岡島 秀夫, 高城 成一, 本田 強1956 年 25 巻 2 号 p. 73-74
発行日: 1956/12/20
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーExperiments were carried out for the purpose of analysing the mechanism of the development of tillers in rice plants. The results obtained are as follows: 1) The translocation of nitrogen in the control plant suggested the normal life process in the rice plant. The concentration of nitrogen in leaf blades and leaf sheaths decreased gradually during the lifetime while that in stems increased at the tillering or ear forming state and then decreased again. At the harvesting stage, the concentration of nitrogen in the leaf blade, sheath and the stem took almost the same value. The phenomenon indicated that nitrogen in the plant was translocated smoothly from its leaves and stems to its ears. 2) As compared with the control plant, in the potassium deficient plant, the nitrogen decreased very slowly after the ear forming stage. The slow decrease would have brought about the dull regulation of ineffective tillers. At the harvesting stage, the nitrogen concentration in stems was higher, than in leaf blades. 3) In the phosphorus deficient plants, the mode of translocation of nitrogen was remarkably different from that in the control plants or the potassium deficient plants. That is, the concentration of nitrogen in stems was low during the tillering stage and afterwards increased gradually. The low concentration of nitrogen in the stem was connected with the small number of tillers. The fact mentioned above, may indicate the significant relationship between tiller development and the translocation of nitrogen in the stem. 4) When nitrogen was not translocated from the leaves and stems to the ears owing to some conditions, new lateral bud development was induced evidently.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (443K) -
馬場 赳, 稲田 勝美1956 年 25 巻 2 号 p. 75-77
発行日: 1956/12/20
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリー1. In order to make clear the physiological significance of the Eh value of the tissue fluid of the rice plant, we have made a study on the relation between the contents of ascorbic acid and glutathione in plant and the Eh value. 2. Ascorbic acid was determined by indophenol method. Glutathione was estimated by subtracting the amount of iodine equivalent to ascorbic acid from the total amount of iodine consumed by 2 % HPO3 solution of the tissue fluid. 3. Large amounts of both ascorbic acid and glutathione are contained in the leaves of the rice and the ascorbic acid exists mainly in the reduced form and the glutathione in the oxidized form 4. The ratio of the reduced form to total ascorbic acid (ASA/TA) rises while the Eh value lowers in the order leaf blade, leaf sheath, stem and root. 5. The ratio (ASA/TA) and Eh value in leaves show reverse trends with each other regarding to diurnal change and effect of shading. 6. The descend of the Eh value which occurs under such abnormal conditions as the deficiency of Mn, Mg, K or P and excess of N, seems to be closely connected with the increase of the ratio of reduced form to total ascorbic acid and/or similar change in glutathione. 7. From these results it is evident that the Eh value has a close relationship with the ratio of reduced form to total ascorbic acid and glutathione.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (495K) -
藤井 義典, 田中 典幸1956 年 25 巻 2 号 p. 78
発行日: 1956/12/20
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーExperiments were conducted to investigate the correlation between growth of roots and growth of above-ground parts of the wheat plant on the basis of KATAYAMA's studies on tillering. The results obtained were as follows: (1) About the time when the third leaf of the main stem emerged, its first crown roots appeared at the coleoptile node. The same phenomenon was observed in the tillering system. (2) The tillers and the roots emerged and elongated almost simultaneously at the same node of the main stem, and the same was true of the tillerstems. (3) Roots and tillers emerged in regular directions, as shown in Fig. 1.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (296K) -
松林 実, 柿沼 浩一, 村上 昭一1956 年 25 巻 2 号 p. 79-80
発行日: 1956/12/20
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーThe influences of night temperature and soil moisture on the water economy in upland rice and soybean plants were observed. The results of the experiment were as follows: (1) Norin 22, a rice variety of panicle-number type, developed with a similar tendency in the response to night temperature as Iwate Ryoon I, a variety of panicle-weight type. (2) The accumulating degree of dry substance was the largest at the heading period in upland rice plant. But it was rather larger at the period prior to blooming than at the blooming period in soybean plant. (3) The amount of water transpired through upland rice plant was comparatively copious from the panicle developing stage to the earlier stage of ripening, and that transpired through soybean plant was the most at the blooming period. (4) The water requirements of upland rice and soybean under cool night conditions became less than those under warm night conditions from the stage of heading in the former and before blooming in the latter. As aforesaid, that of oats under cool night condition was less than under warm night condition through almost every stage of growth. These facts seemed to be ascribed to the differences between them in their physiological and ecological characters responding to temperature. (5) The period of the highest efficiency of transpiration for producing crop materials in soybean plant was found before its blooming. The fact appeared to be of special interest from the point of view of both food value of the plant and use of the soil moisture in green forage cropping. (6) The water requirement of soybean decreased progressively up to a certain point in accordance with the decrease of soil moisture. With a further decrease of soil moisture to a point where the plants wilted often transiently, the water was spent less efficiently.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (386K) -
植田 宰輔, 太田 勇1956 年 25 巻 2 号 p. 81-86
発行日: 1956/12/20
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーTo make clear the X-ray diffraction pattern of rice starch elaborated from various kinds of rice grains, the GEIGER counter X-ray spectrometer was used under the conditions of Ni/Cu-K, 40 KVP. 15 Ma in the X-ray tube. The results obtained were as follows. 1) In the preliminary experiment on potatoe starch, it was revealed that the spectrometer was a more useful apparatus for charting the X-ray diffraction pattern of starch as compared with the photograph which had been adopted in general for the same purpose. 2) The diffraction patterns of rice starch charted by the spectrometer were hardly different with varieties and qualities, of rice grains. Especially, there were no differences in the d-value and in the intensity of the main peaks in their charts. 3) Judging from the charts, the authors intended that rice starch should be assorted as CA type rather than CB type. For, the peak denoted as the Ist line by the photograph could not be found in any charts made by the spectrometer. 4) A little difference between rice flour and rice starch was found in the X-ray diffraction patterns. The intensity of all peaks on the pattern of rice flour was weaker than that of rice starch, although the d-value did not show any difference between them. 5) To convertβ-type starch into d-type's, 4 % solutions of β-type starch were treated at 50, 52, 54, 56, 58 and 60°C., respectively. As a result of this experiment, the temperature at which rice starch was transformed into the complete or half-finished α-type, was different with varieties and qualities, of rice starch, and this difference seems to suggest that there exist some other dissimilarities in the physico-chemical characters of various kinds of rice starch.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (699K) -
小林 実1956 年 25 巻 2 号 p. 87
発行日: 1956/12/20
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリー1) Both the total Weight and the average weight of seeds in the pulse were found heavier at the nodes nearer to the base of the plant and became lighter in accordance to the height of the position. The total seed weight for single node were often found heaviest at the third or fourth node ; the relation of seed weights to the order of nodes might be represented by a monomodal curve. 2) The increasing rate of the total weight or the average one of the seeds are shown in Fig. 1 and 2. Trans location of nutrients into seed grains seems to be faster at the lower nodes on the branch. 3) The grain of the first flower in a cluster became heavier than those of the second or third flower, though they bloomed on the same day.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (278K) -
池田 利良1956 年 25 巻 2 号 p. 88-89
発行日: 1956/12/20
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリー"Hard wheat" is sometimes erroneously understood as protein-rich wheat. Hardness of grain concerns partly with the protein content, of course, but more essentially with the character of endosperm (Table 1). The crystalloidal property was ascertained optically by the transparency of vitreous particles in the hard wheat flour, placed between crossed Nicols in the orthoscope system of a petrographic microscope. These flour particles are the fragments of endosperm, and the pieces of cytoplasmic matrix (mainly composed of protein) imbedding starch granules. It was noticed also that this property denaturated by moistening and re-drying of the grain, while its hardness decreased along with it. (Table 2) Thus, the author presume, the hard wheat will be characterized by the grain hardness due primarily to the crystalloidal property of endosperm. Such crystalloidal property was observed in certain varieties of Tr. vulgare, and in all of Tr. durum and Tr. polonicum so far as examined. This property, therefore, must be one of the heritable variation occurred in the endosperm of wheat, so much likely as the glutinous character found in other cereals.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (431K) -
清水 正治1956 年 25 巻 2 号 p. 90-92
発行日: 1956/12/20
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリー1) The effect of the low temperature treatment (seed treatment: 3°C : 40 days) on the structure of the vegetative shoot apex and leaf in the wheat plant (variety : Satuki) was investigated histologically. 2) The distinct establishment of fundamental zonal structure (or Stratification) in the apex was accelerated by the treatment, and the volume of the apex in the treated plant became larger than that in control plants, owing to promoted cell division in every structural zone of the apex. 3) The leaf blades in the treated plant were larger both in length and width than that in control plants (except the Ist leaf length) and, according to the observation on the epidermal cells the increase of leaf area seemed to come chiefly from increase of the number of cells. 4) In the treated plant, the differentiation of stomatal rows, stomata and vascular bundles was accelerated and the remarkable development of mechanical tissues was observed. 5) From the facts above mentioned, it was concluded that the vegetative shoot apex and leaf in the wheat plant turned to more meristematic and differential condition by the low temperature treatment.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (737K) -
福井 重郎, 鎗水 寿, 小島 睦男1956 年 25 巻 2 号 p. 93-95
発行日: 1956/12/20
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーExperiments were carried out, in 1950, 1951 and 1955, to elucidate the relations between the seasonal fluctuation of soil moisture content in each layers and the growth and yield of soy-bean, at Kanto-Tosan Agriculture Experiment Station, Ministry of agriculture and Forestry. Plants were grown on two fields, one being of alluvial soil and the other being of volcanogenous diluvial soil. The results obtained are summarized as follows; (1) On the field of volcanogenous diluvial soil, where the underground water level became deeper than 250 cm in summer season, the moisture content of soil layer to 60 cm depth was mainly influenced by precipitation. Particularly the water content of the upper portion of soil to 15 cm depth was entirely dominated by precipitation and consequently seasonal fluctuation of soil moisture content was very large in that portion, but at the depth of 30 cm, it became somewhat small, and at 45 and 60 cm, soil moisture content was abundant and fluctuation was very small. In the field of alluvial soil, where the underground water level was higher than 100 cm below the surface, the soil moisture content was generally abundant, and the seasonal fluctuation did not occurred at 40 cm depth. (2) In the early growing period, the growth of soy-bean was slightly better on the diluvial soil than on the alluvial soil, but afterwards as its growth proceeded, the plants on the diluvial soil became poorer and at harvesting time, they were somewhat inferior with regard to the culm-length and number of nodes. They were also very inferior in the culm-weight, 100 seed-weight and number of pods, and particularly their yield of seeds was low as about 60 % of that on the alluvial soil. The results may clearly explain the fact that soy-bean plants grown on diluvial soils were strongly affected by deficient soil moisture content during the period from blooming to ripening in 1951.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (492K) -
清水 義治, 岩崎 英雄1956 年 25 巻 2 号 p. 96-98
発行日: 1956/12/20
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーTobacco plants, the variety Bright Yellow, cultivated in field were topped, and then treated with 1 % solution of MH. The leaves harvested were compared with untreated leaves of the control plants regarding the following points: Hastening vs. delay in ripening, differences in leaf constituents, red rust infestation and structural characters of the leaf. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1) The treated leaves, as a passing phenomenon, turned deeper green, but from two weeks after the treatment, chlorophyll contents began to decrease, and the reflexion value of the leaf increased. 2) In the treated plants, the ripening of leaf judged from the diurnal responsibility of its stomata, showed a tendency usually to be late and did most eagrer with the ripening stage judged by the external appearance or color of the leaf. In the untreated plants, on the contrary, the ripenig of leaf by those two methods agreed well with each other. 3) The ratio of intercellular spaces was found lower, its epidermal cell arrangement more compact, leaf texture harder, and red rust infestatinn lighter, in the treated leaves than in the untreated. 4) The specific gravity of tissue powder, the unit area weight and the drying percentage were all together higher in the treated leaves. 5) Total nitrogen contents of the leaf decreased remarkably after the treatment, while ammonium nitrogen increased conversely. protein contents were very low in the treated leaf and its T. N. / P. N. -value was superior.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (393K) -
田川 隆, 西山 保直1956 年 25 巻 2 号 p. 99
発行日: 1956/12/20
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーAlthough the contents of glutathione in potato tubers are quite low during their dormant period, by the natural termination of their dormancy the contents of the total and reduced form of glutathione in the various tissues of the tubers, especially in the apical buds increased. Similarly the contents of glutathione in the various tissues of potato tubers treated with MH also increased by the termination of their dormancy, but their increasing rates were much lower than that of the non-treated one, particularly considerable differences in contents being recognized in the apical buds. These facts tell us that the glutathione, particularly in the apical buds, may play some roles by the termination of dormancy of potato tubers. These facts may also support our previous assumption of attaching great importance of the apical buds of the potato tubers to their dormancy.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (317K) -
田川 隆, 岡沢 養三1956 年 25 巻 2 号 p. 100-101
発行日: 1956/12/20
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーIn order to obtain some informations of the physiological nature of the sprout inhibiting substance in the resting potato tubers, the present investigation was undertaken. The sprout inhibiting substance was extracted from the dormant potato tubers according to the technique of Hemberg. The experimental results may be summarized as follows. This substance has an activity to inhibit the auxin-induced growth of Avena seedlings and its activity was decreased by the treatment with active carbon. Although this substance maintains its activity even by boiling in 1/10 N-HCI solution for one hour, but lost it activity remarkably by boiling in 1/10 N-KOH solution for the same length of time. On the other hand, when the disks of tuber tissues were treated with this substance, the water permeability of potato cells decreased markedly. It may be assumed from the results mentioned above that the sprout inhibiting substance contained in the dormant potato tubers may also inhibits the rate of water uptake by potato parenchym cells.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (322K) -
佐藤 一郎, 山根 昌勝1956 年 25 巻 2 号 p. 102-103
発行日: 1956/12/20
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーField tests with 8 varieties of the rape plant to be used both for soiling and for seed yielding in combination were carried out, 1952 to 1954. 1. Defoliation test : The weight of the removed leaves in the early cut-plot was heavier than that in the late-cut ones. And the yield of seeds was to the contrary, but not as much as in the check. In both plots, the oil percentage of seeds was higher than that of the check, except "CO"-varieties. The total amount of oil per plot as the yield of seeds, was larger in the late-cut-plot. The variation in the total amount of oil per plot at each defoliation date was like that which was found in the yield of seeds. 2. Cut-off-amount test: The yield of seeds decreased in inverse proportion to the increase of the amount of soiling. 3. Cut-off-time test: The quantity of soiling increased according as the cut-off-time became later. But, the yield of seeds, the oil percentage and the total amount of oil content per plot, all decreased. Growing rape plants both for soiling and for seed yielding would become possible if favorable varieties be choosed or more proper cut-off-date be decided experimentally. In other way, it will more likely become practical by attaching importance to either soiling or seed yielding.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (393K) -
村岡 洋三, 大堀 和信1956 年 25 巻 2 号 p. 104-106
発行日: 1956/12/20
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーThe authors have studied physiologically on the effects of temperature and photoperiod on development of tobacco plants last years. To get more precise knowledges about the facts, experiments were carried out three times from 1954 to 1956 in air-conditioning greenhouses. Variety tested was Virginia type "Bright Yellow". Results obtained were as follows: 1) It was observed that under relatively low temperatures (8°C∼15°C) development was accelerated raardless day-length but clear changes were shown by day-length under relatively high temperature (18°C∼23°C). 2) Namely, up to 15°C progressive differences were shown with the increase of day-length, but both above 14 hours at 18°C, and above 12 hours at 23°C, discontinuous delay of development was observed. At 28°C, plants tested were all vegetative regardless the day-length. 3) Those facts, described above, suggested that the most suitable temperature condition consisted in 13°C to 18°C and the optimum day length were 8 hrs to 10 hrs in relation to the acceleration of reproductive process of tobacco plants.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (417K) -
塘 二郎, 渕之上 康元, 淵之上 弘子1956 年 25 巻 2 号 p. 107-108
発行日: 1956/12/20
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーThe authors applyed the method of Stuart DUNN using the adsorption of dye on the test of variental difference of cold resistance of tea plant. The results were summarized as follows. 1. Adsorption of dye of malachite-green was greater corresponding nith the degree of cold resistance of variety, these facts that the older plants withsood cold better than the younger ones, that leaves were injured by cold more than branches and that the cold resistance was increasing up to the coldest season, all agreed well with the chages in the degree of dye adsorption. 2. This test by different dyes varied in their adsorptive action, i.e. basic dyes were adsorped well by stronger varieties and acidic dyes mere diametrically apposed. Malachite-green and easin were suitable dyes for this test. 3. In general, the test in dried tissues agreed with the results in fresh tissues on the relation between adsorption and cold resistance, but fresh leaves from older plants were the best samples for this test.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (364K) -
佐藤 久二1956 年 25 巻 2 号 p. 109-110
発行日: 1956/12/20
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーUsually the pod of sweet clover, when matured, contains only one seed, while the ovary at its young stage involves several ovules, ranging 2-5. In this experiment, some embryological observations were carried out, using four-ovuled ovaries, on the process of above-mentioned one seed formation and abortion, and the results obtained were summarized as follows : (1) The abortion of ovules is partially due to fertilization failure. Namely, 27.0 % of ovules observed were not fertilized. Out of them ; 22.0 % were abnormal ovules in which the embryo-sac was not normally formed, and the remained 5.0 % were normal but non-fertilized ovules. Therefore, the main cause for non-fertilization is owing to embryo-sac failure. (2) When the ovaries are classified by numbers of fertilized ovules involved, 12.0 % of them contained only one fertilized ovule and these ovaries should grow into one-seeded pods. The remained 88.0 % were the ovaries consisting of more than two fertilized ovules, especially, 38.0 % were the ovaries in which all ovules were fertilized. Nevertheless, when observed on the 10th day after pollination, 97.4 % were the ovaries in which more than two fertilized ovules never developed evenly and all but one were arrested their growth, and consequently they grew into one-seeded pods. (3) The degeneration of fertilized ovules began from about 5th day after pollination, and one-seeded pods were confirmed on about 7th day. (4) As to the position of normal seeds in the pods, there was a marked tendency that the seed-setting increased from the stylar (apical) end toward the basal end of the ovary. So far as this experiment is concerned, 85.7 % were the pods in which either basal or subsequent ovule developed into normal seed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (390K) -
守屋 直助, 池田 十五, 星野 正生1956 年 25 巻 2 号 p. 111-112
発行日: 1956/12/20
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーII. Some experiments were made from 1952 to 1955 to know the effects of rainfall on the production in alfalfa plants. The results obtained were as follows : 1. In 1953 and 1954, the first cutting was given at various dates making the initial blooming dates varied, and the resultant change in the numbers of pods and seeds was investigated. The largest number of pods was obtained from the plants of initial blooming date at 26 June 1953, while the largest number of seeds was from those of initial blooming date at 25 July, 1954. The coefficients of correlation of number of the days raining at 10, a. m. during the flowering period to those of pods and seeds were -0.967 and -0.787, respectively. 2. Two alfalfa plants were used to observe the pollen germination percentage. The germination percentage of the pollen collected on a rainy day was 12.2 % for one plant and 31.6 % for the other, while of that collected on a fine day it was 49.6% and 74.5%, respectively. 3. The effect of tripping on pod-setting was studied, giving various dates of tripping, i. e., on the day of blooming, first, second, third, and fourth days after blooming. The highest pod-setting percentage was shown in the plants whose flowers were tripped on the first day after blooming, and thereafter, the percentage tended to get lower with the advance of days. III. This investigation was made by means of sand-culture in 1954. Treatments were as follows: 1) Application of nitrogen before and after bud formation stage, 2) Application of nitrogen before bud formation stage only, 3) Application of nitrogen after bud formation stage only, and 4) No supply of nitrogen either before or after. The results obtained were as folloews : 1. The plant height and fresh weight were greater when nitrogen was applied than when it was lacking. 2. Application of nitrogen after bud formation stage, i. e. Treatments 1) and 3), prolonged the full bloom period. 3. The numbers of flowers, pods and seeds were larger in the Treatments 1) and 2) than in 3) and 4). 4. The percentage of pod-setting and seeds per pod were greater in Treatment 2) and 4) than in 1) and 3).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (458K) -
関塚 清蔵, 向山 新一1956 年 25 巻 2 号 p. 113-114
発行日: 1956/12/20
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーThe native wild grasses show different types of growth by the varieties and it is very important to know the favourable season to make the best use of those for fodders. We have made an investigation of the seasonal growth variation of the principal gramineous and leguminous wild gradses useful for fodders in the field and the experimental plots, and classified them into five types as follows ; winter, spring, summer, medium, and the whole year type, and made clear the ecological characteristics of each type. The result of this study shows the most of the wild grasses in Japan belong to the summer type and the rest of thern are scattered in the other four types. And Lotus sp. and Agropyron sp. belong to the whole year type like the exotic meadow grasses. The morphological investigation of the upper parts and underground parts of the perennial gramineous and leguminous wild grasses at the hibernating season shows their different vegetative reproduction types and can be classified into four types.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (401K) -
荒井 正雄, 川島 良一1956 年 25 巻 2 号 p. 115-119
発行日: 1956/12/20
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーIn order to establish the diagnostics of weed damage of rice plants synecological study is now in progress. This paper deals with the mechanism of competition between rice plants and weeds in rice cultivation. The experiment was carried out with three plots, in which the kind and population of growing weeds were regulated by sowing, thinning or additional transplanting of weeds early in July after the rice seedlings were transplanted in paddy field on June 15, 1955. The process of competition between rice plants and weeds were investigated. The results obtaind are summarized as follows : (1) The kind and population of growing weeds affected on the growth and yields of rice plants. In plot A where weeds growed scarcelly the highest yield of rice was obtained ; in plot B with many kinds and population of weeds yields of rice were 82.2 % of that of plot A ; and in plot C where weeds growed numerously in the kind and population yields were only 57. 1% of that of plot A. (Table 1 and 4) (2) Since the second ten days of July the growth of rice plants and weeds tended to be vigorous and the competition became serious. The nitrogen competition was the most serious in plot C and was moderate in plot B. (Table 2) (3) The productive structure of plant-communities were such as shown in Fig. 1 and the competition in light was the most serious in plot C at about full-tillers stage. (4) The difference in the competitions between three plots was owing to the difference of the growth habit and population of weeds. The gowth habit of weeds varied with species of weeds in height, dry weight, nutrient absorptivity, etc. Panicum Crusgalli L. was the most competitive and competitiveness of the same weed varied with the difference of community structure. (Tatble 3) (5) As above mentioned, the mechanism of competition between rice plants and weeds was complicate and dynamic, so that we discussed weed damage of rice plants by analyzing it into three factors from synecological standpoint ; that is, the total weight of community including rice plants and weeds, the ratio of rice plants to total weight of community ; and the ratio of grains to weight of rice plants. Each process of three factors was shown in Table 5. Of three factors the ratio of rice plants to total weight of community was the most remarkable in fluctuation. At about the full- titters stage of rice plants this ratio approached to the minimum value and thereafter varied scarcely. With other two factors the variation between plots was scarcely or less. (6) These results suggest that the early and accurate diagnosis of weed damage of rice plants in rice cultivation can be established by the further investigations of the process of the three factors under various conditions.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (650K) -
武田 友四郎, 丸田 宏1956 年 25 巻 2 号 p. 120-121
発行日: 1956/12/20
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (436K) -
玖村 敦彦1956 年 25 巻 2 号 p. 122-123
発行日: 1956/12/20
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーPaddy rice plants, var. Norin No. 29 were pot cultured under various photoperiodic conditions namely, natural day-length (N), short day (S), long day (L), 10 short days and thereafter long day (S→L)1, and short day upto heading and thereafter long day (S→L)2 (Fig. 1). The plants treated entered into reproductive phase at different time and the stage proceeded in different pace according to the condition. By means of comparing these plants with reference to dry weight and contents of chemical constituents, physiological characteristics of each stage of development were examined. In the early stage of reproductive phase the plants seemed to behave just as the plant in vegetative phase in reference to dry matter production, nitrogen absorption and content of each chemical constituents (crude protein, sugar, starch, hemicellulose and cellulose) in spite of obious difference in morphological aspects. In accordance with panicle development, sugar and starch accumulation gradually replaced the production of skelton constituents (hemicellulose, cellulose), and in ripening period, starch accumulation predominated over the production of any other constituents and productiyity of dry matter and absorbability of nitrogen declined.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (430K) -
相見 霊三, 村上 高, 藤巻 和子1956 年 25 巻 2 号 p. 124-127
発行日: 1956/12/20
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーChemical, Physico-chemical, and enzymatic changes that occur in the seed of rice plant as it grows from fertilization to maturity were studied. 1, There is little synthesis of starch up to the 4th day after flowering. A very rapid synthesis of starch takes place between the 7th and the 20th day. Storage of starch reaches to a maximum about at the 30th day. 2, The contents of sugars, including reducing sugars, increase untill around the 15th day after flowering, and decrease rapidly thereafter. 3, A lot of inorganic phosphorus is present in the seed in an earlier period of its development. After about the middle milk-ripe stage, its content in endosperm falls continuously. In the fluoride stage it is practically negligible. On the contrary it increases in the aleuron layer and embryo. The fact that inorganic phosphorus is not accumulated in the storage organ of starch is suitable for the accumulation of starch, because the starch synthesis by phosphorylase is inhibited by the presence of inorganic phosphorus. 4, The optimal pH for synthesis of starch by phosphorylase is 6.5-6.7. The optimal temperature is around 37°C. The amount of phosphorylase in endosperm rapidly increases untill the 18th day after flowering, hereafter it decreases continuously. After about the 30th day its activity is lost almost completely. The period of the highest activity of phosphorylase closely relates to that of the rapid accumulation of starch. 5. The optimal pH of rice-amylase is 4.1. The amount of amylase is very small in the early period of seed development. It increases from about the 10th day after flowering and reaches the maximum value about the 20th day. 6, The pH value of endosperm at the early stage is around 5 or less. However, it rises to more than 6 after the milk-ripe stage. On the contrary the pH value of aleuron layer and embryo is 5 or less. As the favorable pH value for synthesis of starch by phosphorylase is in the range from 6 to 7, it may be said that the pH condition within the endosperm of the milk-ripe stage later is suitatable for synthesis of starch. As a final conclusion, chemical, physico-chemical, and enzymatic conditions of endosperm are favorable for synthesis or accumulation of starch by the action of phosphorylase as far as the present author has examined.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (634K) -
野田 健児, 熊本 司, 茨木 和典1956 年 25 巻 2 号 p. 128-129
発行日: 1956/12/20
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーThe authors carried out experiments upon the effects of shading on some physiological characters of wheat and barley plants at various states of their growth (Table I), and obtained the following informations. Dry matter per cent and contents of C compounds (total carbohydrate, total sugar and reducing sugar) of the plant shoot decreased by shading in different extents according to the stage of growth. The most conspicious effect was found at the critical stages from spike primordia differentiation to spikelet development. On the other hand, contents of N compounds increased conversely at the critical stages above mentioned. Respiratory intensity measured by the amount of O2 intaked was also reduced by shading, and the periodical variation in its effect was seen upon the root part.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (393K)
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