巻号一覧
51 巻, 3 号
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陳 日斗, 井之上 準1982 年 51 巻 3 号 p. 271-275
発行日: 1982/09/15
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーIn order to make clear the reason why there are differences in the grain shedding among varieties of Japonica-Indica hybrid rice, morphology of the abscission region in longitudinal sections of the pedicel was investigated. Also, the strength required to detach rice grain from its pedicel was measured with an unbonded strain gauge transducer and a null balancing recorder. All the examinations were made at harvest time. Experimental materials used were 27 varieties of Japonica-Indica hybrid rice bred in Korea and 7 varieties of their parents. The results obtained are as follows: 1. Degree of grain shedding of Japonica-Indica hybrid rices was similar to that of Indica type parents and weaker than that of Japonica type parents (Table 2). 2. In all the Japonica-Indica hybrid varieties, parenchymatous cells presented in the abscission layer have completely collapsed at the harvest time. Regarding their parents, the parenchymatous cells have collapsed in the Indica type parents such as Peta, IR 8, IR 24, and Taichung native 1, while no abscission layer was observed in the two Japonica type parents, Yukara and Jinheung, and one Indica type parent, Dee-Geo-Woo-Gen. 3. Among the Japonica-Indica hybrid varieties, highly positive correlation was observed between degree of grain shedding and thickness of the supporting zone consisting of the central vascular tissues and the sclerenchymatous cells (Fig. 1, 2 and 3). Since the thickness of the central vascular tissues was almost same among the varieties (mean value: 88±6.6μm), it may be concluded that varieties with the thinner sclerenchymatous tissue situated between the abscission layer and the central vascular bundle are essentially more fragile.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (650K) -
陳 日斗, 井之上 準, 松本 重男1982 年 51 巻 3 号 p. 276-280
発行日: 1982/09/15
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーSoybean varieties in Korea are generally classified into three types, namely, bean sprout (and high oil), grain (high yielding general purpose), and vegetable (used for mixed boiling and as green vegetables). Varietal characteristics in each type were investigated using 72 varieties for bean sprout, 115 for grain and 59 for vegetable types. The results obtained are as follows: 1. One hundred seeds weight was 13±2.5g in the bean sprout type, 22±3.3g in the grain type and in vegetable type it was 22±6.8g. Significant difference was observed between bean sprout and grain types. Variation in 100 seeds weight was larger among vegetable type than the other two types (Fig. 2). 2. According to the days from seeding to first flower anthesis, it seemed that in Korean soybean varieties intermediate type was the most, followed in descending order by autumn type and summer type. In the bean sprout type, frequency of autumn type varieties was higher than in vegetable and grain types (Table 1). 3. Based on the increase in number of nodes on the main stem after first flower anthesis, about 96% of grain type was determinate, while about 10% in each of bean sprout and vegetable types was indeterminate (Table 2).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (607K) -
一井 真比古1982 年 51 巻 3 号 p. 281-286
発行日: 1982/09/15
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリー水稲の飼料化栽培, 再生を利用した二期作栽培および農業形質の間接選抜手段としての利用において再生は重要な特性である. 再生は遺伝的変異を有する特性であるが, 株および根の内的ならびに外的環境条件によって変異するであろう. しかしながら再生に関する基礎的知見はきわめて少ない. そこで本報告では, 外的環境条件の一部である光および温度が再生に及ぼす影響について検討した. 出穂後10日に地上5cmで地上部を刈取り, ただちに30℃自然光(30L), 30℃暗黒(30D), 20℃自然光(20L)および20℃暗黒(20D)下ヘ移動し, その後の再生重, 再生草丈, 再生茎率および稈基重を調査した. 再生重は高温, 自然光下ほど大きく, 30L>30D>20L>20Dの順であった. 温度による差が光の有無によるそれよりおおむね大きかった. とくに自然光下では温度による差は顕著であった. 一方暗黒区では枯死する再生茎が刈取り後20日前後からみられた. 再生草丈は高温下で高かった. 出穂した再生茎が刈取り後20日前後の高温下ではみられたが, 低温下ではみられなかった. それゆえ高温下では再生草丈の伸長が遅くとも刈取り後20日前後に停止するようである. 再生草丈の光の有無による差は高温下で認められるが, 低温下では認められなかった. 再生茎率も高温下で大きかった. また再生茎率が最大に達するまでの日数も高温下で短く, 低温下で長かった. 温度の差に基づく変異の幅は再生重や再生草丈におけるそれより小さいようであった. 再生茎率は自然光区より暗黒区で少なく, 高温下では光の有無による差が認められるが, 低温区では認められなかった. 再生にとって重要な役割をはたすであろう稈基重はいずれの条件下でもおおむね直線的に減少し, 高温下での減少は低温下でのそれより顕著であった. しかしながら高温, 自然光下における稈基重の減少量は高温暗黒下におけるそれより少なかった. 再生茎葉それ自体が再生に及ぼす影響を知るため, 稈基重+再生重の刈取り後の推移をみた. 高温, 自然光下では再生茎葉それ自体が再生重の増加に刈取り後10日すぎから寄与するが, 低温, 自然光下では刈取り後20日以降でないと寄与しないようである. 一方暗黒下における稈基重+再生重が刈取り後わずかしか減少しないことから, 呼吸基質として利用される稈基の量はわずかであろう. 再生茎率は再生重や再生草丈より温度による変異の幅も小さく, かつ再生茎葉それ自体の光合成による影響も小さいと考えられるので, 農業形質の間接選抜の手段として再生を利用するのであれば, 再生重や再生草丈より再生茎率に注目すべきであろう. 再生重, 再生草丈および再生茎率のいずれもが高温下ほど旺盛であった. それゆえ水稲の飼料化栽培および再生を利用した二期作栽培にとって再生期の温度が高い地域が有利であろう.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (672K) -
小野 良孝1982 年 51 巻 3 号 p. 287-292
発行日: 1982/09/15
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーThe author examined effects of leaf area index(LAI), specific leaf area(SLA), nitrogen content in leaves (NL), and distribution ratio of dry matter to pod(PD.R) on net assimilation rate(NAR) in the first half of fruiting stage of peanut plants cultivated under six management factors. The results obtained were as follows.: 1. NAR was affected significantly by mulching, planting date, planting density and number of plants per hill (Table 3). 2. The correlations of NAR with LAI, SLA and PD.R were significantly negative, respectively. But, the correlation between NAR and NL was significantly positive (Fig. 1, Table 4). 3. LAI, PD.R and SLA were selected as independent variables in the best regression equation for determining NAR that accounted for 85 percent of the variation of NAR(Table 5). 4. By comparison of the standard regression coefficients in the equation, it was recognized that the relation of the variables to NAR become stronger in the order of SLA, PD.R and LAI (Table 6). 5. In carrying out growth analysis of peanut plants in the fruiting stage, it is necessary to remark PD.R as an important factor affecting NAR.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (650K) -
松本 重男, 松永 亮一, 古屋 忠彦, 益山 剛1982 年 51 巻 3 号 p. 293-300
発行日: 1982/09/15
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーIn soybean there is meager information on response to fertilizer application among different species. Therefore, three experiments were conducted using cultivated soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill cv. Akisengoku and wild soybean, G. soja Sieb. et Zucc., K-01 line. The objectives of the investigation are i) to determine the response to the application of N, P, K and Ca under three soil types, namely, sandy soil, upland field soil and paddy field soil (Exp. 1) and ii) to understand the response to nitrogen application in paddy field soil (Exp. 2 and 3). The following results were obtained. 1) Effect of major nutrient application on the vegetative growthes and seed yields of cultivated and wild soybeans varied with soil types. The fertilizer responses were dramatic in sandy soil, slight in upland field soil and paddy field soil especially on K-01 line although their vegetative growthes were much better than in sandy soil (Table 3, 4). 2) When harvest indices (HI) (seed yield/total top dry weight) were compared, both species had low HI in sandy soil which had very little nutrients. In upland field soil and paddy field soil HI were high and HI of Akisengoku was higher than that of K-01 line. When each total top dry weight of K-01 line and Akisengoku was more than 40 and 80 g/plant, respectively, HI in both species began to decline (Fig. 1). 3) Akisengoku had better vegetative growth response to nitrogen application at early growth stage, but no relation was recognized at flowering stage. Regardless of growth stages K-01 line showed very little or no response (Table 5). 4) The effect of nitrogen application on the seed yield and yield components of Akisengoku was not significant. Yield and yield components decreased in K-01 line in the highest nitrogen treatment. However, in the other treatments no such decrease was observed (Table 8). 5) Nitrogen application inhibited the nodulation at early growth stage in both species. The degree of inhibition was much greater in K-01 line than in Akisengoku. At later growth stage the nodulation of Akisengoku in nitrogen treatments was comparable to no nitrogen treatment. But the nodulation of K-01 line in the highest nitrogen treatment was not good, compared with the other treatments. Therefore, the seed yield of K-01 line in the highest nitrogen treatment decreased (Table 6, 8).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (867K) -
平井 源一, 鈴木 彰, 高橋 誠, 山内 明子, 上野 英司1982 年 51 巻 3 号 p. 301-309
発行日: 1982/09/15
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーWe grew the paddy rice from seeding time under the conditions of controlled environment in order to reveal the influence of the humidity of the atmosphere over its growth and physiology by observing how the relative humidity changed its leaf-emergence rate and leaf morphology. The obtained results were as follows: 1. The leaf-emergence rate was greater under the condition of more moist atmosphere than that of drier one. 2. The distance between the vascular bundles, the area of the mesophyll, vascular bundle and epidermis, the size of the motor cell, and the thickness of the mesophyll and epidermis were greater under the condition of dry atmosphere than that of standard atmosphere (75% of relative humidity). On the other hand, the plants grown in a relatively moist atmosphere had a larger mesophyll system and smaller epidermis system than those grown in the standard atmosphere. 3. The rice plants grown in dry atmosphere had a morphology similar to that of the plants raised under the condition of relatively low temperature and strong light, while plants cultivated in the moist atmosphere were similar to those with heavy nitrogen application.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (823K) -
田辺 猛1982 年 51 巻 3 号 p. 310-315
発行日: 1982/09/15
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーFor stable and high-yielding rice cultivation by direct sowing method, it is necessary to develop new technology for growth control of rice plants which can make up for defects peculiar to the direct sowing culture. As one of the promising methods for the above purpose, root-cutting treatment on rice plants at the early growth stage has been regarded effective. In the present paper the root-cutting treatment is dealt in the light of morphology and ecology of rice plants. The direct sown plants were grown under upland field condition and rice roots were cut 40-45 days after sowing, and afterward paddy soil was irrigated. Cutting of roots was done on both sides or one side at an angle of 20°-40° to the ground surface. The result are summarized as follows: 1. Roots cutting treatment decreased water absorption and transpiration and brought about so severe water stress on the plant that wilting of leaves lasted for about ten days. 2. As to the relationship between the time of root-cutting treatment and that of tiller bud emergence, the treatment after shooting of tiller bud from the main culm did not have any growth control effect on the plant, whereas the treatment before tiller bud can be recognized checked tillering. Root-cutting after the tiller bud was observed retarded the emergence of the secondary tiller. Intensive root-cutting treatment affected roots development, stimulating new thick roots to grow, while slight root-cutting treatment increased branched roots to shoot vigorously out of the old remaining roots. 3. The root-cutting treatment shortened the lower(4th) internode of the plant and thickened culm wall, consequently contributing to the increase of breaking strength and lodging resistance of the plant. 4. Besides such advantageous effect of root-cutting treatment as control of luxuriant plant growth and excessive tillering, the experiment demonstrated that the plant-type was improved to be erect and especially the angle of foliage leaf to main stem axis was decreased which are an important character for rice plants to intercept sunlight sufficient for dry matter production. 5. In the root-cutting experiment, increase of the number of stomatal cells in the upper leaves and decrease of their size were observed at the ripening stage. Such changes suggest that hardening of the plant developed. The phenomenon is considered as an after-effect of water stress to root-cutting.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (646K) -
田辺 猛1982 年 51 巻 3 号 p. 316-324
発行日: 1982/09/15
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーIn order to make clear thc mode of the occurrence of favorable effect of root-cutting treatment on the growth behavior of direct sown rice plants, several pot experiments were carried out from the view point of stress physiology. Result of the experiments and conclusion on causes of the occurrence of beneficial effect of root-cutting treatment as obtained from the first and second reports are summarized as follows: 1. Root-cutting treatment on the plants grown by direct sowing culture in well-drained paddy field brought about decreases in stomatal aperture, transpiration, and consequently, water stress on the plant due to lack of water balance, which is seen in the decrease of water content in the leaf and wilting of leaves. The investigation revealed that ethylene production increased in the plant body due to the water stress. 2. Root-cutting inhibited the production of cytokinin in the roots and checked its translocation to the plants grown above the ground surface, resulting in the decrease of chlorophyll content and increase of ethylene production in the leaf. Further investigation revealed that increase of ethylene production by the root-cutting treatment can be prevented by treating the leaves with kinetin solution. 3. The increase in ethylene production by root-cutting is due to water stress and inhibition of cytokinin translocation. It also lowers chlorophyll content in the leaf. However, as new roots emerged seven to ten days after the root-cutting treatment, absorption of nitrogen by roots increased along with reactivated cytokinin translocation. In consequence, chlorophyll content regained its level and after that it became higher than that in the control, and number of fresh leaves increased until later growing stages. 4. After the root-cutting treatment, physiological activity of thc roots, namely, oxidizing ability of α-Naphtylamine, was greatly enhanced due to the emergence of thick new roots and branched roots from the old remaining roots, which had also been accelerated by the treatment. This root activity lasted until the later growth stages. 5. The present experiment also suggested that thc increase of breaking strength which enhanced lodging resistance, observed in the previous report was presumably caused by the increase in ethylene produced in the plant until the later growth stages. 6. It was found that in the treated plants, physiological activity of the upper leaves to adapt themselves to drought condition was enhanced at the maturing stage; this was observed in the decrease of water content in upper leaves and of transpiration rate per unit leaf area, increase of diffusion pressure deficit (D P D) in the leaf blade, and of osmotic pressure in the cell, and decline of water potential in the leaf blade and panicle. The above-mentioned morphological, physiological and ecological changes in the rice plant induced by root-cutting treatment are reflections of water stress and of the changes of plant hormonal behaviour due to the treatment, which resulted in better ripening and increased yield of the rice plants.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (925K) -
松崎 昭夫, 刈屋 国男, 町田 寛康, 角田 公正, 西川 吉和1982 年 51 巻 3 号 p. 325-331
発行日: 1982/09/15
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリー葉令指数90前後の窒素追肥は単位面積当り頴花数を増し, 収量を高めるのに効果的であり, 穂肥として重視されている. 従来, 穂肥要否の判定に関する試験は多数あるが, それらの多くは単独の形質に着日したもので, 生育状態を総合的に判定しようとしたものは少ない. 最近, 色票やグリーンメーターで葉色を数値化することが容易になったので, 茎数や第5節間長など, この時期に測定できる形質に基づいて生育状態を診断し, 穂肥施用時の適正値を求めようと試み, 次の結果を得た. 1. m2当り茎数は地上部乾物重と正の相関を示した. 葉色も稲体窒素含有率と密接な関係にあるので, m2当り茎数と葉色(または葉色/葉鞘染色比)の積は窒素吸収量と高い相関を示した. また, 窒素吸収量は第5節間長とも高い相関を示した(Table 2～5). 2. m2当り茎数と葉色の積が大きく, 第5節間艮が長いとき, m2当り頴花数が増大した. しかし, このような条件下では, 倒伏しやすく, 登熟歩合が低下するので, 収量面からみると, m2当り茎数と葉色の積および第5節間長のそれぞれに適値の存在することが認められた. この値を越える状態で穂肥を施用すると減収した. 3. この適値は, 品種・地力・出穂後の天候などにより変わるので, 栽培の年次・場所を異にするデーターの蓄積の上に, 平均的な値を求める必要がある.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (717K) -
椛木 信幸, 田嶋 公一1982 年 51 巻 3 号 p. 332-337
発行日: 1982/09/15
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーIn the previous paper5), phosphorus deficiency in rice plant caused the specific decrease of photorespiratory activity both in gas exchange (P3/P21) and enzyme activities (ratio of RuBP oxygenase to carboxylase). To elucidate the mechanism of this phenomenon, RuBP carboxylase-oxygenase from control and phosphorus deficient plants were purified and investigated. Fresh leaves were ground in a mortar and the extracts were precipitated with ammonium sulfate (30 to 50% saturation). The precipitate was applied to a sepharose 6B column and the eluted peak fractions with RuBP carboxylase activity were stored at -20°C for the subsquent assay. RuBP carboxylase was assayed by measuring the rate of 14C incorporation into acid-stable products in the reaction mixture containing 100 mM BICINE (pH 8.2), 1 mM DTT, 20 mM MgCl2, 40 mM NaH14CO3(0.25 μCi/μmole), 1 mM RuBP and the enzyme. RuBP oxygenase was assayed by an oxygen electrode. Reaction mixture was as the same as carboxylase with the exception of NaH14CO3 depletion. Both carboxylase and oxygenase assay were initiated at 30°C by addition of the enzyme previously activated with MgCl2 and NaHCO3. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The frozen enzyme was fully activated by preincubation for more than 20 minutes at 30°C in the presence of MgCl2 and NaHCO3. High temperature (40 and 50°C) inactivated the enzyme (Fig. 1). 2. The mode of enzyme activation with MgCl2 and NaHCO3 was quite similar in control and phosphorus deficient plants (Fig. 3). 3. The pH curve of the enzyme reaction from phosphorus deficient plant was identical to that from control plant in both carboxylase and oxygenase assay. As the results, the ratio of oxygenase to carboxylase showed approximately the same value with each other at any pH (Fig. 4). 4. The Km(CO2) of carboxylase from both control and phosphorus deficient plants showed almost the same value in various O2 concentration of gas phase. Vmax was also identical with each other (Fig. 5). From these results, it was suspected that the decrease of the photo-respiratory activity observed in the phosphorus deficient rice leaves didn't reflect the varied nature of RuBP carboxylase-oxygenase. The environment surrounding the enzyme seemed to be responsible for the variation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (579K) -
加納 春平, 村里 正八, 井村 毅1982 年 51 巻 3 号 p. 338-342
発行日: 1982/09/15
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーGross morphology and cell division frequency in the shoot apices of orchardgrass were investigated during the winter season. Increase in the length of apical dome was observed in early December but was not obvious in the other period until March (Fig. 4). Mean cell size constituting apical dome increased except the period between January 1 and February 1 (Fig. 5). Cell division frequency in the apical dome decreased since December and reached the lowest level at the middle of January, but dividing cells were found at this time. After the middle of January the frequency increased again (Fig. 6). Though gross morphological changes of the shoot apex was not obvious, increase in cell size and in cell division frequency after February 1 indicated the development of the shoot apex during the winter season.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (597K) -
佐藤 庚, 中村 貞二1982 年 51 巻 3 号 p. 343-348
発行日: 1982/09/15
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーEpidermal tissue system in terminal leaflet of the first trifoliate leaf of soybean plant (cv. Raiden) was observed by clearing method, SUMP method and paraffin method. Four types of cells, i.e. stomata (guard cells), ordinary epidermal cells, setaceous trichomes and clavate trichomes were recognized in the epidermis. There were many stomata on both adaxial and abaxial epidermis covering mesophyll tissue, but few on epidermis above vein in which bundle sheath extention (BSE) developed until epidermis (Fig. 1, 2). Stomatal density (number of stomata per unit leaf area) in abaxial surface was higher than that in adaxial surface (Fig. 9). In both surfaces it was highest at the middle part of the leaf blade near the midvein and low at the leaf top, base and margin (Fig. 9). Setaceous and clavate trichomes were present mainly on both adaxial and abaxial epidermis above veins around which BSE developed and touched with the epidermis, where the basal cells of these trichomes came in contact with the BSE (Fig. 2, 4, 6, 7). The number of both trichomes per unit midvein length in abaxial epidermis was approximately twice that in adaxial epidermis, and in both sides of midvein the number was largest at the middle position of it (Table 1). Many setaceous trichomes were present also at the leaf margin (Fig. 3, 5). When soybean plants were exposed to dark with saturated air humidity, many water drops were identified on both surfaces of leaf blades (Fig. 8) and the distribution of them coincided with that of clavate trichomes. These results suggested an excessive water of leaf be exuded out through the following pathway; xylem→bundle sheath→bundle sheath extention→clavate trichome, where the last trichome acts as a hydathode. It was also suggested that setaceous trichomes too may play a role in water physiology of young leaves.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1478K) -
徐 錫元, 太田 保夫1982 年 51 巻 3 号 p. 349-353
発行日: 1982/09/15
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーLocalization of Si, P, K and Ca in hull during the ripening period was investigated by X-ray analysis. The results obtained are as follows: In the fertile hull Si was not found in the outer epidermis cells but in the part between the epidermis cells and the cuticle. However, 40 days after heading, in the sterile hull, Si was observed not only in the part mentioned above but also in the inner epiderm. Distribution of P, K and Ca was low in the part between the outer epidermis cells and the cuticle where Si was observed but more abundant in other parts as well as in the parenchyma. From these results, it was shown that the translocation of nutrient took place through the parenchyma, and the localization of Si showed a significant correlation with transpiration.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (643K) -
徐 錫元, 太田 保夫1982 年 51 巻 3 号 p. 354-359
発行日: 1982/09/15
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーThe relationship between the development of kernel and the morphology of hull, and SiO2 contents of hull were investigated on the grains with different degrees of repening. The results are as follows. 1. Weight of kernel and hull differed depending on the kernel quality among the grains on the primary branches, and both of them were larger in the following order; perfect kernel-grain>milky-white kernel-grain>opaque kernel-grain>abortive grain. These results show that the development of the hull and kernel is bigger in well-developed grains, and that the development of the two relate well with each other. 2. The amount of SiO2 in the hull was higher in well-developed grains. 3. Occurrence of malformed-hull grains was more in the grains with inadequate ripening. More than 70% of the grains with a specific gravity below 1.00 were malformed-hull grains. 4. Malformed-hull grains also occurred more in the grains on the secondary branches than in those on the primary branches. These results strongly suggest the development of the kernel is closely related to the morphology and function of hull. Therefore more attention has to be paid to decrease the malformed hull for increasing percentage of ripened grains.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (798K) -
宮坂 昭, 高屋 武彦1982 年 51 巻 3 号 p. 360-368
発行日: 1982/09/15
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーThe lodging resistance as affected by dense sowing and the interrelationships of the traits related to the lodging resistance were examined in rice varieties under direct sowing culture on well-drained paddy field. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Under sparse sowing condition (22.2 hills/m2), the severer lodgings were observed in longer culmed varieties. However, under dense sowing condition (200 hills/m2), the chief reason for lodging was the decrease in breaking strength of stem, and the additional one was the elongation of the basal internodes in long-culmed varieties. 2. The elongation of culm by dense sowing was attributed to the lengthening of lower internodes (N3∼N5). In some long-culmed varieties, the breaking internode came to one internode lower than usual by means of the elongation of the lower internode, and this resulted in the decrease of living leaf sheaths wrapped on the culm, which increased the stem strength. 3. By the research on the relationship between breaking strength and other characteristics, the following facts were made clear. (1) The decrease of breaking strength of the stem by dense sowing was related both to that of the culm and to that of the leaf sheath. Of the two, the latter gave larger influence than the former. There could be observed high positive correlation between breaking strength of stem (culm with leaf sheath) and that of leaf sheath. (2) The contribution rate of leaf sheath to breaking strength of stem amounted high, in some varieties attaining as much as 50-60%. This contribution value was shown larger in short-culmed varieties than in long-culmed varieties and greater in lodging resistant varieties than in lodging susceptible ones. Dense sowing made this rate decrease by diminishing the number of living leaf sheath wrapped on the basal internode. (3) Long diameter/short diameter ratio of culm was increased by dense sowing, and there could be observed negative correlation between this ratio and the breaking strength of the culm. Similar results were recognized also in the leaf sheath. (4) Starch grains were noticed in the culm of lodging resistant varieties, however, the effect of dense sowing on starch amount could not be made clear. 4. By multiple regression analysis, high multiple coefficients of correlation were shown between lodging resistance and four characters (plant height, fresh weight, breaking strength and length of lower internode). Also, high ones were observed between breaking strength of culm (also leaf sheath) and three characters (cross-sectional area, long diameter/short diameter ratio and amount of starch in culm), however, these multiple coefficients of correlation became low in long-culmed varieties under sparse sowing condition. 5. The results may be concluded as follows. One of the most effective method to hold lodging resistance larger is to increase both the living number of leaf sheath on the basal internode and the duration period of it, and the other is to inhibit the elongation of the basal internode, especially in long-culmed varieties.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1044K) -
小合 龍夫, 笹井 一男, 有田 克彦, 福田 実1982 年 51 巻 3 号 p. 369-374
発行日: 1982/09/15
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーThis study has conducted to elucidate the grwoth type of mat rush with higher yielding ability. In this paper, the growth in the different production districts in Japan was discussed as a growth type, and the differences of the determination of yield among the growth types were analyzed. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The growth in the different production districts was distinguished into three types, i.e. the warm region type, the cold region type and the intermediate type. And these types were resulted from the atmospheric temperature in winter and spring: in case of it being warmer in these periods, growth exhibited the warm region type, and in case of it being colder, it did the cold region type. 2. In the warm region type, a hill had a large number of stems at the tillering stage of the long stems and the long stems had emerged in the latter part of May, while in the cold region type, a hill had a small number of stems and the long stems emerged in the first part of June. Among the three growth types, the intermediate type showed the highest yielding ability, and t was suggested that there was a optimal standard of growth at the tillering stage of the long stems. 3. It was implyed that the cultivation techniques in the different production districts aimed at the same standard of growth at the tillering stage of the long stems and the growth of mat rush was controlled through some practices, i.e. time of planting, planting density, size of seedling, nitrogen fertilizer application, water control and so on.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (679K) -
小合 龍夫, 笹井 一男, 垣見 尊, 丸川 幸夫1982 年 51 巻 3 号 p. 375-379
発行日: 1982/09/15
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーIn the previous paper, the authors parted the growing season of mat rush into four stages, i.e. the winter stage, the spring stage, the tillering stage of the long stems and the elongation stage of them. This experiment was carried out to clarify the growth stage exceedingly related to the long stem yield among the three stages of the latter and its difference between two types of mat rush cultivar. And the abilities for tillering and stem elongation at each stage were investigated by means of lowering or raising the soil-water temperature in each stage. And also the relationship between the long stem yield and the growth habitat of tillering :ad stem elongation at each stage was studied. The results are summarized as follows: 1. In both the types of cultivar, tillering was most affected at the spring stage by soil-water temperature, and stem elongation was affected to the same extent among the three stages. During the growing period, tillering of "Asanagi" was not so affected as that of "Shimomasuda-zairai", but stem elongation of "Asanagi" was more affected than that of "Shimomasuda-zairai". 2. The number of stems per a hill at harvest time was closely related to the growing at both the spring stage and the tillering stage of the long stems. The ratio of the number of the long stems to the total number of stems per a hill had much to do with the growing at the elongation stage of the long stems in "Asanagi" and at both the tillering stage of the long stems and the elongation stage of them in "Shimomasuda-zairai". Consequently, the long stem yield was closely related to the growing at both the spring stage and the tillering stage of the long stems in "Shimomasuda-zairai". 3. It was suggested that much attention had to be paid to the degree of the growth at the tillering stage of the long stems in the cultivation of mat rush and the optiaml standard of the growth at this stage was fairly smaller in "Shimomasuda-zairai" than in "Asanagi".抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (617K) -
菅 洋, 東海林 英夫1982 年 51 巻 3 号 p. 380-385
発行日: 1982/09/15
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーイネの風に対する反応に及ぼす品種の遺伝的背景の影響を草丈(あるいはジベレリン生成)に関する主動因子一個のみによって異なる銀坊主(正常)と短銀坊主(矮性)を用いて調べた. 生長解析の結果, 銀坊主では風速が強まるほどRGR, NAR, が減少したが, 短銀坊主ではNARは風処理によってもほとんど変化せず, RGRは風が弱い時はわずかながらむしろ増加した. 銀坊主では, 風にあてない標準区でGA活性が検出されたが, 風処理したものでは活性が検出されなかった. GA生成が遺伝的に制限されている短銀坊主では風にあてないものでもGA活性は検出されなかった. 葉からのエチレン生成は, 両品種ともに風処理により増加した. 品種間の比較では短銀坊主は銀坊主よりエチレン生成が多かった. しかし外から与えたエチレン前駆物質のACCが存在すると, この順序は逆転し銀坊主の方がエチレン生成が多かった. 窒素含量は, 相対的濃度(%)でみると両品種ともに風処理により増加したが, 植物個体当たりの絶対含量でみると銀坊主では風処理により減少し, 短銀坊主では増加した.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (647K) -
西山 岩男1982 年 51 巻 3 号 p. 386-392
発行日: 1982/09/15
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリー小胞子初期の冷温により発生する不受精を, その直後におおまかに予測する方法を提案した. この方法は, 小胞子初期の1～2日後に相当する小胞子中期(小胞子後前期～中中期)に, 葯の形態的異常(小胞子およびタペート細胞の異常)を観察することに基づいている(第1～8図). 葯の形態的異常を定量化するために, 異常単位および異常指数を定義した. 1異常単位は, 光学顕微鏡の焦点面で, 大葯胞の葯腔の1/15の長さを1辺とする長方形の面積である(これは1辺が葯腔の幅とタペート層の厚さの和である正方形の面積にほぼ等しい). 異常単位は1対の大葯胞あるいは小葯胞について観察するので, その最大値は30である. 異常指数は異常単位より以下のようにして求められる: [table] 形態的異常の程度は大葯胞と小葯胞とでは大差があるので, 異常単位あるいは異常指数は大, 小葯胞について別々に求めなければならない. 異常指数は, 大葯胞, 小葯胞および大, 小葯胞の平均値のいずれについても, 冷温処理により増大し, 処理期間が長いほど高く, 不稔歩合と高い相関を示した(第1～3表, 第9図). 実用的には大葯胞のみについて観察すれば十分であると判断された. 形態的異常の程度は, 同程度の不稔であっても品種により異っていた(ゆうなみと農林20号は不稔に対して異常指数が低い傾向にあり, はやゆきは高い傾向を示した)(第3表, 第9図). このような品種の特性を把握しておけば, 予測の精度は向上するであろう. 葯の形態的異常は雄性不稔に直接関与している形質であるから, 異常指数が高いのに不稔が低い場合には, 稔実に有利に働く他の要因を考えなければならない(たとえば, 受粉効率, 花粉発芽率, 花粉管伸長速度など), 不受精をこのような生理的要因に分解して検定することは, 高度耐冷性品種の育成のために役立つと思われる. この論文で提案した不稔の予測法は, 読むと面倒のように思われるかもしれないが, 実際にやってみると意外に簡単であり, 慣れれば1品種10分程度で測定しうる.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (958K) -
川島 長治, 平野 哲也1982 年 51 巻 3 号 p. 393-394
発行日: 1982/09/15
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (361K)
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