日本作物学会紀事
Online ISSN : 1349-0990
Print ISSN : 0011-1848
ISSN-L : 0011-1848
22 巻, 1-2 号
選択された号の論文の67件中1~50を表示しています
  • 桑田 晃
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 1-2
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    Studies were made on the drought resistance of "Nori-Asa" (glutinous-hemp), an amphidiploid crop raised between Abel. esculentus and Abel. Manihot, in comparison with those of its parents. The number of Stomata per 1 mm2 was the most in Manihot, and that in "Nori-Asa" was similar to that in Manihot. The concentration of cell sap and the resistance to KClO3 were the highest and the strongest respectively in Manihot, medium in esculentns, and the least in "Nori-Asa." The water content was the lowest in Manihot, medium in "Nori-Asa" and the higest in esculentus. The wilting speed was the slowest in Manihot, and that in "Nori-Asa" was similar to, that in esculentus. The amount of transpiration was the largest in Manihot, medium in esculentus, and the the smallest in "Nori-Asa" Thus, the cause of the facts that the drought resistance of the "Nori-Asa" was weeker than that of the parents in the practical cultivation was clarified from various physiological experiments. The degree of the drought resistance of "Nori-Asa" resembled that of one parent which had the larger number of chromosomes than that of the other parent.
  • 桑田 晃
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 3-4
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    Studies were made on the maximum, minimum and optimum temperatures of the seed germination of "Nori-Asa" (glutinous hemp), an amphidiploid crop raised between Abel. esculentus and Abel. Manigot, in comparison with those of its parents. The maximum temperature of germination was 45°C in three crops concerned. The minimum temperature was 10°C in Manihot, while 15°C in esculentus and " Nori-Asa." The optimum temperature was 25°C-27∼28°C in esculentus and "Nori-Asa"
  • 土井 彌太郎, 孫工 彌寿雄
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 5-6
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. The adjacent segments of excised roots were separately submerged in acid wellwater (e. g. pH 3.0, 3.4, or 4.0) for 20 hours. The pH of the wellwater was measured by the chinhydron electrode method at the beginning and end of every experiment. 2. At the end of every experiment the pH value usually reverted in the nutral (pH 7) direction by the buffer action of roots. 3. The buffer action was highest in the apical segment of the root and decreased in those more remote. 4. The buffer action differed with the species or varieties of the plants.
  • 土井 彌太郎, 孫工 彌寿雄
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 7-8
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. In order to test the buffer action of roots, the adjacent segments of excised rice roots were separately submerged in acid wellwater. 2. The difference of buffer action between the roots which were cut in air and in wellwater was tested. The buffer action of the former was higher than the latter, due to the loss of cell sap from the cut surface of roots before submersion in the acid water. 3. The buffer action decreased after desiccation of roots before submersion in the acid water. 4. The buffer action was distinctly found in the roots which were treated with chloroform vapour for 10 minutes, but it was scarcely seen in the foots which were treated with 75% alcohol solution for 5 miniutes. 5. The buffer action of the apical zone was visible at 2°C, and 25°C., but the action was less at 2°C. 6. When CO2 gas was bubbled through the acid water used in these experiments for 1∼5 hours, the pH did not change. 7. It is presumed that the buffer action should have become functional by some substance which is formed in the process of metabolism of living cellls and penetrated througth the root tissue.
  • 仁木 巖雄
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 9-10
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    When it snows little, the soil freezes and under certain circumstances the soil freezing causes the ground to heave. And this heaving of the ground is caused by the formation of the icicle layers. We find the icicle layer gives the most serious injury in winterpassing of the winter crops especially of leguminous plants. The damages suffered directly or indirectly from the formation of the icicle layer are as follows : (1) The breaking of and (2) the lifting of foot. (3) Various physical injuries given apon to the root caused by the heaving of the ground. (4) The drought damage owing to the pit occurred in the ground after melting of the icicle layer. (5) The falling-down of plants. (6) Death of plants. (7) Injuries caused by the water coming from the icicle layer. (8) The soil erosion by the flowing of water which comes from the icicle layer. (9) Washing-out of the root. The soil profile gotten by digging out the frozen soil in winter was as follows (Fig. 1) : The frozen soil is consisted of 3 kinds of so-called concrete layer, pepper-and-salt layer and icicle layer. (2) The icicle layer is as same as the icicle on the surface of the soil and contains no soil. (3) So-called concrete layer is formed directly by the frozen soil. (4) So-called pepper-and-salt layer is the frozen soil containing many thin icicle layers. (5) Problems which concerns the cultivation of crops consist not in the general heaving of the earth but in the changing condition brought about to the relative position of the root and soil which is contacting directly to the root. (6) The process how this underground icicle layer is formed seems as follows : In cold weather, at first the surface soil becomes a concrete layer by freezing. And under the certain content of water and at 0°C, the soil beneath the concrete layer separates its water and forms the icicle beneath the concrete layer. At this time the concrete layer is heaved by the forming action of the icicle layer. This energy of the heaving comes from the latent heat which comes from the water when it becomes the icicle. (7) The frozen soil is a sort of reservoire because the icicle layer is formed of water only.
  • 仁木 巖雄
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 11-12
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    The results of investigation about the broken roots of red clover, alfalfa, yellow sweet clover hairy vetch, orchadgrass, timothy, rye, and rape in frozen soil are as follows. Red clover (Fig. 1. a.) : The root system is divided into two parts, upper and lower, by the pulling action of the icicle layer. Alfalfa (Fig. 1. b.), yellow sweet clover : These are similar as the case of red clover, but in early spring some heaved plants fall down and die. Hairy vetch (Fig. 1. c.) : Main roots are seldom cut, while branch roots are cut. Orchardgrass, timothy (Fig. 1. d.) : The greater part of the root system freezes to become a frozen block and the icicle layer is formed as if avoiding this block. Rye (Fig. 1.e.) : It is similar in the case of orchardgrass. But the injury of rye plant is greater than that of orchardgrass because of its shallowness of the root system. Rape (Fig. 1. f.) : Damaged plants are hardly found and in some cases holes around the main roots are found. From these observations we obtain knowledges as follows: (a) The injured manifestation of broken roots varies according to the kinds of plants or of types of their root systems. (b) The intensity of injury varies according to the development of root system of the plant. And therefore it concerns to the planting time, the manuring, the fertilizing, the planting rote etc. (C) The mechanism of the breaking of the roots consists of following two stages: 1 st stage; The several inches of the soil from surface freezes to from the concrete layer, and at the same time it fastens the roots in this layer. 2nd stage ; When the frozen concrete layer is heaved by the action of the icicle layer, the root systems in the unfrozen soil layer is pulled up from the fastened part of the root system in the icicle layer. (d) Main factors which concerns the breaking of the roots caused by the formation of the icicle layer seem as follows: (1) Heaving strength at the time of forming the icicle layer. (2) The resistant power of the plants. (3) The friction between plant and frozen soil. (4) Effects of the development of the root system upon the formation of the icicle layer.
  • 岩城 鹿十郎, 太田 勝一, 小合 竜夫
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 13-14
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    (1) We tested the influences of sodium chloride of varying concentrations on the heading and riping of rice plant. (2) With high concentrations of NaCl solutions supplied, the growth and tillerings were retarded. (3) Contents of Cl in leaves and stems increased, and chlorophyll contents decreased with high concentrations of NaCl solutions supplied.
  • 岡田 正憲, 加藤 一郎
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 15-16
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. A comparative study of photoperiodic sensitivity of principal rice varieties was made by means of short-day vs. long-day treatments of the plants. 2. Of the 40 varieties tested, naturally earlier maturing varieties were found, in general, to be more sensitive to the treatments, while the medium and the later ones were less sensitive ; the result just agreed with those hitherto obtained by many previous investigators. 3. On the other hand, however, some of the varieties showed different tendencies. 4. According to the types of response observed in our experimentation, the varieties may be classified into following three groups: 1) A group sensitive to both short-day and long-day conditions, 2) A group more sensitive to short-day, but less to long-day conditions, 3) A group less sensitive to short-day, but more to long-day conditions. 5. Generally speaking, with a few exceptions, the earlier and the medium varieties proved to be more sensitive to long day, but less sensitive to short day, while the later varieties were more sensitive to the short day but less to long day.
  • 森田 潔
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 17-18
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. If we assume that the duration of life of a leaf in the rice plant was represented by the period from its full emergence to the time when 50 per cent of area of its blade had yellowed, the leaves on a main stem of the plant fertilized completely with nitrogen, phosphorus and potash, in our experiments, lived for periods as follows: the 6 to 8th leaves for 25 days, the 9 to 11th for 30 days and the 12 to 15th for 45 days, each group corresponding to the tilllering, the elongation and the ripening stage of the plant respectively. The last leaf on the main stem lived. for about 50 days. The life duration of leaves of the phosphorus or potash defidient plant in the plots where one of these two elements were omitted, was equal to that of the leaves on the normal plant with complete fertilization. But the time from yellowing of 10 per cent of area of the blade to that of the whole blade was longer in the phosphorus deficiency plot, and snorter in the potash deficiency plot, each compared with that in the complete fertilizer plot. In the no-fertilizer plot, the life of the 7th leaf was shortest, i. e. about 25 days, and the 14th (the last) was longest, i. e. about 52 days, and the time gradient from 8 to 13th leaves were almost constant. Nitrogen deficient leaves in the plot where the nitrogen fertilizer was omitted resembled closely to those in the no-fertilizer plot in their life lengths. 2. Sketches of the yellowing process in the 10th leaf on the main stem of the plant in all the plots were taken on every day. The period from 10-per-cent yellowing to perfect yellowing of the leaf blade on the complete fertilizer plot was 6 days; in the no-potash plot it was 2 days shorter, in the no-phoshorus plot 2 days longer, and both in the no-nitrogen plot and in the no-fertilizer plot they were 4 days longer each compared with that in the complete plot. Notwithstanding remarkable variations in the yellowing process, the tendency above described was found general.
  • 長谷川 儀一, 上山 泰
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 19-20
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. The nutritional status of rice plants grown in plots of pot culture with different levels of fertilizing was studied by means of leaf analysis. 2. Cell sap concentration of the leaf blade indicated generally the nutritional status of the plant, but not precisely. 3. There was found distinct correlatron between the N, P, or K content in the leeaf blade and the feetilizer treatment, that is, the leaf of the plant in the no N plot was low in N percentage, and especially, that in the no P, of no K plot, the relation was remarkable from the early stage of growth. 4. The results of leaf analysis agreed well with the normality of plant ripening whieh varied with fertilizer treatment. 5. The writers believe that leaf analysis is useful for diagnosing nutrient status of rice plants.
  • 栗田 富次
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 21-22
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    The toxic action of 2.4-D and that of potassium chlorate on rice plants were studied. Tillers cut from rice plants about 62 days and 72 days old were treated with 0.5% solution of 2.4-D and 0.1% solution of potassium chlorate. The results were as follows : 1. The toxic action of 2.4-D was stronger on the tillers of lower orders, and weaker on the tillers of higher order. 2. On the contrary, the toxic acion of KClO3 was stronger on the higher order tillers. The mechanism of the toxic action of 2.4-D was ascribed to the carbohydrate dissipation in the plant, that of KClO3 to the physiological reduction of it in the plant body.
  • 平野 哲也, 末永 喜三, 島田 裕之
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 23-24
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. When transplanting of rice seedlings is, delayed because of prolonged harvest of winter crops (such as barley, wheat, potato and rape, etc.), the seedlings are grown in the nursery for an improperly long period causing a shortage of space for individnal growth. Consequently the yield of the crop decreases remarkably owing to shortening of growing period after transplanting and besides to the mutual growth interference of the seedlings in the nursery. 2. The authors investigated. the growth (height of plants, increase of tillers and weight of plants) of rice seedlings under different experimental conditions ; i. e. the seeds were sown at each of five different densities (amount of seeds ; 541 cc, 180 cc, 54 cc, 18 cc, and 5.4 cc per 3.3 m2). Two varieties, "Sekiyama" a variety of heavy-panicle type and, , Ou-No. 195", a mediate-type were used. 3. The seedlings grown in sparsely sown plot produced tillers regularly and had mote than 18 tillers at the time of transplanting. Interference of growth occured late, because each seedlings had good enough space to grow. But the seedlings in densely sown plot suffered interference of growth at early stage of growth and had no tillers at the time of transplanting. 4. The numder of days after sowing to the time when tillering ceased is shown in the following table. The time of the initiation of the interference of mediate type was earlier than that, of heavy-panicle type. 5. When rice plants are to be transplanted lately than usual, it is necessary to take into consideration the relation between the sowing density and the initiation of the growth interference of plants in nursery.
  • 末次 勲
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 25-26
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    In this paper the writer dealt, first, with the developmental process of the rice embryo in detail, especially with the progress of differentiation of its various parts and the change in the size and shape at different stages from twenty-four hours after the anthesis to the maturation of the ovule into a seed, and with the relation between the development of embryo and the ripening of grain, and secondly, with the varietal difference in the embryo and its comparative morphology between the rice plant and other cereals. For the comparative investigation amongst the cereals, the data in wheat, barley, rye and oats presented in the author's previous papers (SUETHUGU; 1950, 1951), were referred to. The materials used in this study were prepared from plants of 18 varieties different in the growth habit or other characteristics, belonging to either of the two subsp. "Indica" and "Japonica". The microscopical study was done by means of the usual paraffin method. In addition to them, other 32 varieties of which the embryos of dead ripened grains were sectioned by hand without fixing or staining were supplementarily for investigation of varietal differences in fully formed embryo. The results are summarized as follows : (1) In the material taken 24 hours after anthesis, the egg cell which had already been fertilized was divided into from 3 to 12 cells of the proembryo. These number of divided cells were found different for different varieties. In general, they were many in early ripening varieties, while were few in late varieties. (2) In most varieties the first sign of differentiation of the rudiment of each organ in the proembryo was noticed from 3 to 4 days after anthesis, but in one late variety it was after 5 days. (3) In most varieties, the coleoptile began to develop at that time, but in some varieties or samples, 5 days after it. (4) The rudiment of the first foliage leaf became visible about 5 or 6 days after anthesis in almost all varieties, while in the latest one variety it was seen about 7 days after anthesis. (5) In most varieties the rudiment of the second foliage leaf appeared about 6 or 7 days after anthesis, while in the latest variety it was seen about 9 days after anthesis. (6) About 4 or 5 days after anthesis, the scutellum began to develop into a scute form, and the epithelial cells of the scutellum commenced to show its own shape about 10 or 11 after anthesis; in most varieties, but in the ealier varieties it was 9 days, and in the latest one, 15 days, after anthesis. (7) The rudiment of the third foliage leaf became visible in most varieties about 11∼15 days, but in the earlist one 9 days, and in the latest about 20 days, after anthesis. (8) About 20∼25 days after anthesis, all the organs of embryo were found to differentiate completely, attaining to the forms typical in the full ripened grains. And the varietal differences were noticed in regard to the ripening times. (9) The stage of completion of morphological development of rice have been reported to be 10 or 14 days after anthesis by previous investigaters. The writer infers that the inconsistency of those results with that of this investigation may be attributed to the improper conception of the formation of the epithelial layer of scutellum or the differentiation of the primordium of third foliage leaf by most of the previous investigators. (10) It seemed that the length of the period from anthesis to the time of differentiation of each organs of the proembryo varied according chiefly to the temperature on and after the time of anthesis, viz. the early varieties required short periods, but the late ones required long periods in general. (11) The growth curves of the length and thickness of embryo fromed S-shapes in the rice plant similarly as in the other cereals, but the forms of the curvees showed certain variations according to the variety. [the rest omitted]
  • 山本 健吾
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 27-28
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    The author observed three facts, on the growth of coast-(Nakamura) and vasin-rice-plant (Bange), as following;- 1. Difference between max. and min. air-temperature are larger at the vasin, than at the coast. 2. Plant growth at the early stage in coast-rice are in advance over the vasin-rice plant, and the number of stem in vasin exceeded than in the coast. 3. The period from fertilization to ripening. of rice plant were prolonged at coast compared with at vasin.
  • 松島 省三, 真中 多喜夫
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 29-30
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    The authors examined the value of measuring dry-weights of rice plants for forecasting yields of the crop, using the data (I) (1929-1935), (II) (1936-1944) of experiments on climate-adaptability of the plant at Konosu Agricultural Experiment Farm and the data (III) of artificial shading experiments carried out at the same place in 1950 and 1951 by the authors. And the results obtained are summerized as follows: (1) In the field where the growth was normal possitive correlation coefficients were almost always found between yields of kernels and dry weights of plants at different growth stages in the 9 varieties tested. Early varieties showed significantly high coefficients at every time shortly after transplanting, but most of other varieties did not show significant correlations at any times up to heading (Table 1. 2) (2) In the field where the growth of rice Plants became slender at the end of growing season, an early variety and a medium one showed significantly high coefficients at 12 days before heading and at heading time respectively, but late one showed very low values in all stages. (Table 3) (3) From the data (III) of shading experiments, in which the growing rice plants of a medium variety were covered with clothes in different stages, slightly significant coeffifients were obtained at the stage 5 days before and 14 days after heading. (Table 4) (4) Robertson's growth-curve equations of dry-weights for 3 varieties in 7 years were derived from the data (I), and the relations of crop yields to the epuations were investigated with special reference to their "K" which is termed the coefficient of growth. The results showed no close relation between them. (Table 5) (5) As a result of examining the correlations of yields with the value of relative weight-growth rates calculated from the data (III) at an interval of 6 days after transplanting, there were found mostly low coefficients between them (Table 6, average value of 3 medium vatieties). And also the correlations of yields with the values calculated at a long interval did not show significant coefficients, except in the case of early stage of early varieties. (Table7) (6) It was suggested from the results above mentioned, that tracing up the dry-weights through the growing period would not play any important role in forecasting yields in rice. In order to make the dry-weights of the plant valuable as the indexes to yield-forecast it should be born in mind that, firstly, methods of sampling plants to be weighed should be re-examined, and secondly, not merely the quantity of dry-matter but also the quality of it should be considered.
  • 松島 省三, 山口 俊二, 岡部 俊
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 31-32
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    The authors made an experiment to know of the periods in which the values of 4 factors constituting the yield of rice are determined and especially the end of the periods. The experiment had two treatments; the one was a pruning treatment of all blades and the othar was that of all roots. Both treatments were carried out in the field, according to 4 randomized blocks method, on different dates ranging from 15th day after transplanting to maturity with an interval of 2∼5 days. The material was the medium maturing variety, Norin-No. 25, and 12 plants were used in eacn treatment. Examining the degrees of influences caused by treatments with the help of modern statistics, the authors could accomplish their purpose to a considerable extent. (1) Number of ears per plant seemed to be mainly determined by the time of the beginning of young panicle formation, and not to be influenced by external conditions in the periods after the stage of the beginning of generative cell formation. (2) The influence upon the number of spikelets per ear began to appear at the stage of the first bract primordia differentiation (approximately 32 days before heading), and it became severest at the beginning of reduction division (13 days before heading), and it finished by the time 5 days before heading. (3) Fruiting percentage began fo be affected from the stage of first bract primordia differentiation, and became most susceptible at the time 7 days defore heading in the blade treatment and at the time immediately after and 23 days after heading in the root treatment, and it held constant in and after the period 33∼38 days after heading. The reasons why the most susceptible periods occurred as mentioned above were explained by transpiration of leaves and regenerating ability of blades and roots after treatment. By the way, only, grains heavier than 1.06 in specific gravity were recognized as fruited grains. (4) Weight of 1, 000 grains began to be affected from the stage of the beginning of young panicle formation (27 days before heading); and became most susceptible at the stage of beginning of generative cell formation (18 days before heading) and in the period between immediatly after and 28 days after heading, and this susceptible period ended at the time 38 days after heading. The fact that one of the most susceptible periods exists before heading seemed to offer some promise in forecasting the weight of 1, 000 grains. (5) Yield of grain was affected by the time at which the first treatment carried out, and became constant in and after the period 33-38 days after heading. The periods, in which the poorest productions were brought about, were found at the stage of the most vigorous tillering, the beginning of reduction division, and immediately after and 23 days after heading in the root treatment; but the period was found only at the stage when almost all upper-most leaf-blade appeared out of the subordinate sheathes (7 day before heading) in the blade treatment. As a result of comparing the ability of 4 factors of controlling the yields, representing them in logarithmic values, it was made clear that number of ears in the period before the beginning of young panicle formation, number of spikelets per ear and fruiting percentage in the period between the beginning of young panicle formation and the time 5 days before heading, and fruiting percent in the period after that had the greatest influence on the yields respectively. As a whole, weight of 1, 000 grains seemed to have the least influence upon the yields, but fruiting percentage the largest. (6) Basing on the fact that the better yields and the higher fruiting percentages were obtained in the cases of the earlier and the later blade-treatments than that of the stage, 7 days before heading, empirical formulas were also derived, which will be utilized in estimating yields in crop-failures caused by various disasters.
  • 木村 吉郎
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 33-34
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    The methods of examining rice crop products have following disadvantages at the present time; 1) the products are impossible to be divided exactly into three portions; empty grains, incompletely ripened trains, and completely ripened grains, these being the essential conponents which determine the yield, 2) the results of examination are easily disturbed by the difference in water content of the sample used, and 3) the winnower is not satisfactory to make grouping of rice grains into classes, heavier or lighter than a given grain-weight, respectively.
  • 植田 宰輔, 清水 敦, 太田 勇
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 35-37
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. To ascertain physicochemical changes of the paddy rice starch in the process of maturing, comparative viscosity and Iodine color were measured with elaborated starches of both common and glutinous rice by the aid of Ostward, viscositimeter and photoelectric colorimeter. 2. The comparative viscosity increases in due order at the periods subsequent to the starchy stage, characterizing a marked increase in case of glutinous rice; the value of which is constantly higher than that of common rice throughout the whole process of maturing, while at early periods prior to that stade there is little difference between both kinds. 3. The Iodine color degree as expressed by the percentage value of transparency of colorimeter also varied not only with the kinds of rice but also with the stages of maturity ; it usually increases up to the milky stage, reaching the maximum, and then decreased towards full maturity in different manner with different kinds of rice.
  • 菱沼 達也, 宝満 正治
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 38
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    To find the reasonable height of ridges on the paddy field where wheat or barley, is sown, we have investigated the influence of ground-water and rainfall on the growth of the crop. The results are summarized as follows : (1) The higher the ground-water, the higher the ridges. (2) On the clayey field the ridges are higher than on the sandy field. (3) The higher the ridges, the higher is its infiltration capacity. (4) The better the ridge tilled, the higher is its infiltration capacity.
  • 神田 巳季男, 柿崎 洋生
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 39-40
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. Two varieties, Taihei-mochi as a variety of "many-panicle" and Toyokuni as that of "heavy-panicle" type were subjected to an experiment, in which later tillers of plants other than the limited number of stems, ie. 1, 5, 10 or 15 including main stem, were cut off as soon as they appeared, and the plants were compared with those left free. 2. Compensation effect of tiller limiting was most remarkably observed in increase of average panicle weight, the increase being mainly caused by increased average number of grains. Number of panicle branches, panicle length, and proportion of fertile grains to the total number of grains increased in this order. Increases were the cases also in number of nodes and length of main culm. 3. The conspicuous increase of the number of grains on single panicle as an effect of tiller limiting is due largely to intensified density of glume setting. 4. With regard to the compensational effects, ear growth and enrichment predominate over stem elongation; and elongation of uppermost internode does over that of the other part of the stem. 5. Another phase of compensation effects was acceleration in development of main-stem leaves, elongation of plant hight and heading time. Promotion of the ear growth and enrichment, at that time, predominates also over acceleration of the growth of other vegetative organs. 6. The grades of increase or acceleration by tiller limiting were larger in Taihei- mochi than in Toyokuni as to number of main-culm nodes, heading time, main-culm length and perdentage fertile grains. Acceleration of stem elongation became markedly to decline towards heading time, and the declination was more distinctive in Toyokuni than in Taihei-mochi. In number of panicle branches, somewhat larger grade of increase was recognized in Toyokuni, while no appreciable difference was shown between the two varieties as to increased grades in panicle length, single-panicle weight and number of grains of single panicle. Possible mechanisms of these phenomena were discussed.
  • 馬場 赳, 高橋 保夫, 岩田 岩保
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 41-42
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    We have made a study about the influence of iron (Fe··), manganese, potassium and hydrogen sulphide, added to the culture solution, upon the growth of the plant and susceptibility to Helminthosporium leaf spot. The result of the experiment is as follows : (1) Addition of a large amount of iron (Fe··) brought injurious effect upon the growth of the root and caused root rot, resulting in decreased transpiration. But the addition of manganese, on the contrary, gave favorable effect upon the foot growth, leading to increaseed transpiration. (2) Both the percentage content of MnO and the ratio of MnO to FeO of the leaf blade were diminished either with the increasing supply of iron or by the addition of hydrogen sulphide. (3) There was a high negative correlation between the susceptibility of the rice plant to the disease and the MnO/FeO ratio of the leaf blade. The yield of the plant was negatively corretated with the degree of root rot, but was possitively correlated with transpiration and with the SiO/N ratio of the leaf blade. No high correlation, however, was seen to exist between the susceptibility and the yield.
  • 馬場 赳, 橘高 昭雄
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 43-44
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    We have made a study about the reserve starch which is accumulated as stored starch grains in the parenchymatous cells at the base of the shoot of the rice plant. The result of the observation is as follows : Reserve starch is seen to accumulate, though rather small amount it is in the parenchymatous cells near the growing point of the shoot (Fig. l-I). Much larger amount is accumulated at the bade of both the leaf sheath and the stem (Fig. 1-III-IV). The amount of such reserve starch was estimated by the degree of staining with 0.1% J-KJ solution. The amount was seen to decrease after transplanting, to increase after the end of tillering stage, and to decrease again after heading, as a result of the translocation of the starch to the kernels. The amount was also decreased with increased supply of nitrogen.
  • 藤井 義典
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 45-46
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    The development of lysigenic intercellular space in the roots and aboveground parts of the seedlings of rice plants "Norin No. 18" and "Kinugasawase." was comparatively studied and besides the connection betweeen the intercellular spaces in roots and those in aboveground parts was examined. The results are summarized as follows: 1) The development of intercellular spaces in roots and aboveground parts of the rice plants was evident, and difference in the mode of development according to the variety was observed. 2) The formation of intercellular spaces in the cortex of roots was more evident in the variety "Norin No. 18" than in "Kinugasawase" and the similar tendency wad observed in their leaves, too. 3) It was confirmed that intercellular spaces in roots and aboveground parts were connected eachother.
  • 平野 哲也, 末永 喜三, 島田 裕之
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 47-48
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. In the previous experiment, it was shown that late transplanting results in remarkable decrease of yields. With the aim to analyze th mechanism of such a reduction of yield, the authors compared the growth and yield of rice plants under six different treatments. The seeds were sown at six different densities on nurseries similarly as described in the previous report (2), i. e. the amount of Seeds was 541 cc, 180 cc, 54 cc, 18 cc, 5.4 cc and 2.8 cc per 3.3 m2, asrd the seedlings were transplanted individually into six hills per 3.3 m2 (90;9×60.6 cm) in g paddy field giving the individual plant a sufficient space for uninterfered growth. 2. The crop from the plant soon densely in the nursery were smaller when transplanted late. On the contrary, the plant sown sparsely seemed to be able to produce higher yield, even by late transplanting. 3. The actual yields of crops given by the seedlings transplanted 30 days later than the standard time were as follows ; (i) Seedlings sown densely gave extremely, low yields. (ii) Seedlings sown 180cc per 3.3 m2 gave about an half of th yield by the standard culture. (iii) Sparsely sown plots gave nearly the same or even larger yields compared the standard culture. The reasons for these responses had been discussed in the previous report (1), by the same author. Table : The yielding responses of the rice seedlings grown at different density of stand in the nursery. Seedlings were all transplanted at 30 days later than usual (Variety, Ou-No. 195)
  • 有門 博樹
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 49-50
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    Well-developed aerenchyma was found in the node of the rice plant. It may be interesting not only from anatomico-physiological but also taxonomical and ecological stand points of view. (For full information, refer to Bul. 6, Agr. Fac. Mie Univ. 1953).
  • 猪ノ坂 正之
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 51-52
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    With serial sections made by micorotome, the nodal plexus of rice seedlings have been investigated about their origin and connection with other vascular bundles. (1) In the transverse sections, it is observed that the nodal plexus developed a fairly good forms, the imperfect concentric vascular bundles surrounding the phloem. In longitudial sections, therefore, the nodal plexus is been like a form that accompanied with the xylem on one side or both side of the phloem. (2) It seems that when the peripheral vascular bundles begin to grow, the cells, surrounding the vertical bundles in the state of the procambium, begin the differentiation and develope into the nodal plexus, (3) In the case the nodal plexus has grown fully, in the node of the lower part, they form a network in the pith and they are connected with peripheral vascular bundles as well as together with the combined vascular bundles. The nodal plexus are not connected with the vertical bundles. But the vertical bundles which streched down from the leaf located at the 3rd node above are connected with the nodal plexus for the first time. The connection of the nodal plexus with the root and the tillers is not fundamental.
  • 関谷 福司
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 55-56
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. This experiment was made in the same way as described in the 5 th report except that it was carried out under flooding condition. 2. Seeding depth was 0.5 cm, 1 cm, 2 cm, and 3 cm. 3. The result of experiment is summarized as follows. The development of tillering primordium and bud observed under each seeding depth, was generally the same as observed under not flooded condition, that is, good developments & growth for shallow sowing, and as the sowing becomes deeper the growth was retarded. However, the difference of the development of the each tillering bud induced by the different seeding depth was much greater than that under the not flooded condition.
  • 渡部 忠世, 抱 利夫, 榎本 中衛
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 57-58
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    In this study, authors examined physical and chemical properties of soils in ridges, on which rice plants were planted (the ridge culture plots), in comparison to those in the usual paddy fields (the level culture or the control plots). Items examined were as those : temperatures of soils and irrigated water values of pH and Eh, contents of carbon-dioxide and two forms Of nitrogen e.g. NH3 and NO3. This report deals only with temperatures of soils and irrigated water. These experiments were conducted in the farm of Kyoto University, having sandy loam soil and a local variety named "Kyoto Asahi No.5" was used. The results were as follows : i) The maximum temperature of soil in the ridge plots exceeded that of the controls, but the minimum and mean temperatures of the formers were lower than those of the latters, as far as this experiment went. Then it means that soil temperature fluctuated more widely in the ridge plots than in the controls. This tendency was observed throughout the whole periods of plant growth; especially, in August it was most striking. ii) Temperatures of irrigated water in both plots closely parallel to the soil teperatures, however differences between two plote were hardly recognizable.
  • 森田 潔
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 59-60
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    On August 23, 1941, on the way of the pot-colture experiment of rice plants, a severe tyhoon swept over Riri district, Sowth Korea. 1. With variety "Kokuriyomiyako", the following relations were observed. The panicles which were subjected to the storm at the time of full heading were most severely damaged, followed by the less severe damage with the panicles which appeared by 2/3 portion, panicles headed one day before, and that appearing by 1/3 portion in this order. But the panicles of 2 to 3 days after full heading and not-headed were very slightly damaged. 2. Percentage by weight of rice kernels divided into the groups, A, B, & E according to Togari's classification of rice grains damaged by storm was 100, 95.7, 88.7, 71.4 & 61.3, respectively (taking A as 100) 3. The correlation coefficient between the degree of grain damage and weight of the kernels was calculated as r=0.639±0.020. 4. On the quality as white, brown, green and chalky kernels, parallel relation was mostly recognized between the damage grains and the kernels. 5. The facts as No. 2, 3 and 4 described above suggest that the damage decrease after heading time of rice plants may be possible to know by the classification of damage grains caused by wind storm.
  • 松島 省三, 山口 俊二
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 61-62
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    Following significant relation between fruit bearing percentage and yield of rice was drawn out from the data, formerly reported on the experiments of pruning blades and roots in rice plant. (1) In this study, first of all, it was very necessary to establish an index by means of which fruited grains can be scientifically distinguished. As a result of researching the index from the stand-point of estimating rice yield, it was ascertained to be recommendable to use specific gravity of grains as the index and to take heavier grains than 1.06 of specific gravity as fruited ones. But this index holds true only in the case of dry grains (water content 12∼15%). (2) Correlation tables between fruit bearing percentage and yield, represented in persentage to the "Controls" respectively, are given in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Fruit bearing persentage can be seen to be very highly correlated with yield (r=0.99), except for the plots of No. 1∼8 in Fig. 1 and No. 1∼10 in Fig. 2. These two figures strongly suggest that in the period, at the latest, after the treatment date of No. 11 (Aug. 26, 5 days before heading), the yield of rice is mainly affected only by the fruit bearing percentage. The time of treatment on No. 11 is just the end of period when number of spikelets per ear increases, as seen in the former report (V), and there are no significant differences in number of spikelets per ears among all plots treated after it. Moreover, no significant differences are found in number of ears per plant among plots treated No.7 (Aug. 13, beginning of reproductive cell formation). Therefore; we can likely conclude that after the number of spikelets per eat and ears per plant are determined, fruit bearing percentage plays a leading role in determing the amount of rice-yield. (3) As the yield of rice is repesented by the product of its constitutional four factors, in the period after the number of ears per plant and spikelets per ear are determined it is controlled by two factors - fruit bearing percentage and weight of 1, 000 grains - which are not yet determined. In fact, however, the yield of rice, as mentioned above, is mainly affected only by fruit bearing percentage in that period. The reason why weight of 1, 000 grains has very little to do with constituting yield can be explained by its small variability. For example, Table 1 showing coefficients of variability of four factors indicates obviously that weight of 1, 000 grains is remarkably small in variability as compared with other three factors. And there are several further data supporting the stability of it. (4) From the results mentioned above, it has been made clear that one of the most important keys to solve the problem of yield-forecast in rice is to forecast the fruit bearing percentage as early as possible. Moreover, as entirely sterile grains can be recognized by the time shortly after heading, it seems to be the most urgent problem to forecast the percentage of lighter grains than 1.06 in specific gravity.
  • 松島 省三, 真中 多喜夫
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 63-64
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    The studies reported in this paper were made as an effort to establish a method for forecasting ear numder of rice plant per unit area judging from its growing state. Experiments had been carried out in 1951∼52 to trace up the growing process of sterile tillers (which bear ears) and sterile tillers (which fail to head) with various rice-varieties under different culivating conditions, resulting in a fair success. The results obtained are summerized as follows : (1) Dates or the age of plant (as expressed by the number of leaves on the main stem) when tillers had emerged are not useful for distinguishing the fertile tillers. (2) The same is the case with the length or the number of leaves of individual tiller at the stage of floral initiation. (3) Tracing the growing process of fertile and sterile tillers, the authors found out the fact that after the maximum number of tillers had been attained, the velocity of increasing new leaves in an individual tiller is not equal with one another and tillers can be distinguished into two groups - one is normally fast and the other is slower in the velocity of appearance of new leaves and very few tillers took their place between two groups. Furthermore, they made it clear that tillers having the normal velocity of holding leaves became fertile in future and those with the slow velocity became sterile. This nature of tillers is thought to be most valuable in forecasting the future of tillers. (4) By applying this principle to nine varieties - early, medium and late - growing under six different conditions of cultivation, the authors ascertained that the number of ear could be predicted by this method at the time a week or, at the latest, two weeks after the stage of maximum number of tillers. (5) In general, in our investigations tillers having new growing leaf which is capable of elongating during a week over the length of about 60% of the finally attainable full length of the leaf blade of this leaf are promised as fertile tillers, those showing the elongation less than 30 percent became sterile, and those having leaf grown 40 ?? ?? 50 percent were very few and some of them became fertile and the others sterile. (6) In conclusion, this method of knowing the future of tillers, fertile or sterile, seems to be more reliable than any other method hitherto employed for predicting the number of fertile tillers ; because by this method only very few number of tillers are left to be unknown or misspredicted.
  • 菅原 清康, 井上 剛
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 65-66
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    The authors performed this experiment for the purpose of knowing the difference between the transplanted plant and the not-transplanted one of upland rice. The results are briefly summarized as follows. 1. The forms of the root systems of the transplanted plants are cylindrical in the early stage and in the later stage, are geoidal. On the contrary, that of the not-transplanted ones are oval inversely. 2. The roots of the transplanted plants recover their losses during 3∼4 weeks after transplanting. And after then the number of roots and weight of their dry matters increase rapidly as compared with the not-transplanted plants. 3. The 100 grains weight, hull weight, length, lateral diameter and dorsoventral diameter of the grains of the transplanted plants are superior to those of the not -transplanted ones. Especially, these superiority are more markedly in the weak grains. 4. But the yield of transplanted plants are inferior to the not-transplanted ones.
  • 檀上 勉
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 67-68
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    By hot water treatment of seeds, the consumption of the stored foods in the seeds during germination was delayed generally, and the delay was greatest in naked barley, followed by hulled barley and slightest in wheat.
  • 山崎 守正, 加藤 勳
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 69-72
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    The nursery of wheat was supplied with the solution of straw-ash 15 days, 10 days or 5 days before transplanting, respectively. At each time, 9 l of the solution containing 188 g of the material were used per tsubo (3.306 m2). The root-formation after transplanting was proved, as a rule, better in each plot treated with straw-ash than in the control (only the pure water was supplied) and best uhen supplied with the solution 5 days before transplanting. On the other hand, the analysis of the chemical constituents shows that the seedlings which have been treated with straw-ash solution are rich in sucrose and poor in starch comparing with those treated with pure water and moreover those treated with the solution 5 days before planting are richest in sucrose. Basing on these data, it may be assumed that the potassium of straw-ash absorbed in the plants may convert starch into sucrose which hastens the root-formation together with the other materials (auxins, some nitrogenous substances, etc.) Anyhow, it may be duly suggested that suppling some amounts of straw-ash or potassium to wheat seedlings a few days before transplanting hastens the root-formation which favours their subsequent growth on the field.
  • 浅見 修, 結城 正太郎, 田島 春樹, 工東 正次, 安西 武, 保住 三郎
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 73-74
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. To classify barley by its quality, extraction ratio was tested. In this test the correlations chiefly between ratio and volume weights were considered. 2. Regarding the extraction ratio, its significant differences were observed in the differences among inspection grades, but these differences were due to differences of volume weights, by grade-comparing tests. By block-comparing tests, significant differences of extraction ratio were noticed in the differences among blocks, but those differences were not due to differences of volume weights. In barley, there exist no different means and equal regresion. 3. In the next test to be done, increasing replication of tests in each lots and claasification by form of grain must be considered.
  • 浅見 修, 結城 正太郎, 田島 春樹, 工東 正次, 安西 武, 保住 三郎
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 75-76
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. To classify hulless barley by quality, extraction ratios were tested. In this tests, the correlation between ratio and volume weights was considered chiefly. 2. Concerning extraction ratio, its significant differences were observed in the differences among inspection grade, but these differences were due to differences of volume weights, by grade comparing tests. By block comparing tests, significant differences of extraction ratio was noticed in the differences among blocks, but these differences were not due to differences of volume weights. In hulles barley, regression exists at different means and equal regression. 3. So we can adjust extraction ratio by straight line regression. By this adjusted extraction ratio, quality was classified. 4. In the next test to be done, increasing replication of tests in each lots must be considered.
  • 太田 勝一, 小合 龍夫
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 77-78
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. Authors tested the influences of NaCl Solutions upon the germination and the growth of seedlings of wheat, using a local variety named "Norin No. 52". 2. The decrease of both germination percentages and water uptake was circumstanced proportionally with the increase of concentrations of NaCl solutions. In regards to glucose solutions having osmotic pressures equal to NaCl solutions, they were perallely related, with those of NaCl solutions. But in cases of higher concentrations, seedlings in NaCl solutions grew poorer than those in glucose solutions. 3. In the case of sea-water, the growth fo young roots was larger than those in NaCl solutions. 4. A staining test by indigocarmine showed a striking decrease of vitality in cases of higher NaCl concentrations. 5. Reduction of enzyme activities, both amylase and peroxydase, was observed to be the same as in (2). It was not found, so far as this experiment is concerned that NaCl solutions of lower concentration promoted enzyme actions.
  • 伊東 信吾, 中村 敏昭
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 79-80
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    1) The value of the critical reaction (Cr.) indicated by pHi (isoelectric point)∼pH, of the protoplasm of the embryo of the wheat and barley, is small at the beginning of water absorption, then gradually increases, and finally reaches to the maximum point when the germination commences. 2) The effect of ultra short wave on the germination of wheat seed appears in the change of the value of Cr. of the protoplasma, as soon the seed begins to absorb water. 3) The Cr. value of the protoplasm in the wheat embryo increases with the ripening of the seed, reaching to the maximum value at its full maturity. 4) Seeds on the ear of the wheat plant standing in field, biggin to germinate to rnake the so-called "viviparous head", as soon as the Cr. value of the protoplasm attains to the maximum value. 5) The afer-ripening of wheat seeds is found to affect the Cr. value of the protoplasm to an extent that the fact is enough to indicate some physiological processes to have took place.
  • 伊東 信吾, 山本 三夫
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 81-82
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    Through the recent studies of various authors, it became clear that the artificial polyploid plants show various physiological pecuriarities in comparison with the normal diploid plants of the radish (Raphanus acanthiformis MOREL). The present authors conducted some cytophysiological studies on the diploid and tetraploid plants, during the course of 1948 and 1950. The following conclusion is drawn from the result of the investigation : 1) The osmotic pressure of the cell sap of the diploid plant did not show any appreciable difference from that of the tetraploid plant. 2) Daily and periodical hydrogen-ion concentrations of the cell sap and isoelectric points of the brotoplasm of the diploid plant, also did not present any significant difference/from those of the tetraploid. The absolute value of the critical reaction in connection with these values, was obviously greater in the tetraploid plant cells than in those of the diploid. 3) As to hydrophilic degree of protoplasm of both plants which can be measured by Stuart's method, accessible by the quantity of adsorpted dye, malachite green, by protoplasm, the authors were unable to distinguish one from the other. They found, however, the so-called "Entmischung" in the diploid plant vacuoles, when stained by neutral red, was greater than that of the tetraploid. Nishiyama, in attacking the similar subject, observed that higher resistance to cold was the case in tetrapioid radish than the diploid, but is the authors experiment no particular difference was observed, as the above given laboratory tests indicate. This may probably be due to the fact that the winters, during the course of experiments, were unusually warm, making it difficult to display difference in such behavior of biennial plant, as cold resistance.
  • 伊東 信吾
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 83-84
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    Various methods has been offered to determine the isoelectric point of protoplasm of living plant cells. Robbins (1923) maintained that not only the distilled water in which the tissue is immersed, did change the pH to agree with the isoelectric point of the tissue, but also the pH of the lower concentrated buffer solution moved toward the isoelectric point of the tissue for a few hours. Youden and Denny (1926), on the contrary, found that it is the substances which leached out of plant tissues when soaked in the buffer solutions that mainly determine the change in the pH of the solutions, and it is not the ion sbsorption from the solutions by the insoluble amphoteric substances of the ptotoplasm. Tissue soaked in distilled water gave solution of the equal pH value with the buffer solution that was not materially changed in pH when the tissue was soaked in it. Most of the effect upon the buffer by the tissue, but, they manitain that it was caused by substances leached into the buffer out of the tissue. The present writer, considers that it is impossible to expect the correct value of the isoelectric point of the protoplasm by the presence of the acid equilibrium (Robbins effect), from the reason of the difficulty for the surrounding water to diffuse into the intercellularspace of the leaf tissue. On the other hand, the pH of the distilled water. decreased due to the dissolved carbon dioxid generated through the respiration of the tissue. In the present investigation, the isoelectric point of various crop plants were determined by the acid aggulutination and the dye absorption methods, the result of which was summarized as follows : 1. The imbibiting capacity of the potato tuber tissue showed the minimum value in the pH of buffer solution which agreed with the isoelectrie point of the tissue. 2. When the germinating percentage of pollens of the upland-rice and that of the seed of the paddy-rice plants were minimum, the pH of the buffer solution agrees fairly well isoelectricpoints of these organs. 3. The streaming of the protoplasm, in the root hair of wheat received toxic effects at acidic acid side of the isoelectric point when acid dyes were added to the various pH of buffer solutions and likewise at alkali side by basic dyes. 4. The isoelectric points of protoplasm of barley and wheat plants changed at various growing periods. Therefore, the crop plants are not to have constant specific value of the isoelectric points.
  • 長谷川 儀一, 大庭 高明
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 85-86
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    We have made the leaf analysis of wheat plant subjected to different fertilizer treatments by pot experiment. Cell sap concentration of leaf blade was determined by micro-cryoscopic method, but it was not clearly expressed nutritional status of plant, especially on mineral constituents. N, P, K, ca, Mg, & Fe contents of leaf blade were determined. N, K, & K contents of the leaf were good response to the deficient elements in soils, on vegetative stage, but not on the later stage of growth At early stage the results of leaf analysis of wheat plant indicated well nutritional status of plant. It is recognized that foliar diagnosis of wheat plant may be useful for forecasting the crop yield. (Sept. 1952)
  • 浅見 修, 結城 正太郎, 工東 正次
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 87-88
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. In order to ascertain the correlation, which has been believed to be high, milling test was carried out with low land non-glutinous rice, produced in appointed 6 prefectures and came within the requirement of 2nd, 3rd and 4th grade of Japanese inspection standard. 2. As to milling rate, highly significant difference between grades was recognized, and this significant difference was still unchanged after adjustment of regression. 3. Between block (prefecture), significant differences of milling fate are recognizable to some degree. 4. The reason why the correlation coefficient is very small in this case, was discussed.
  • 浅見 修, 結城 正太郎, 工東 正次
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 89-91
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. In order to consider on theoretical basis of quality classification of rice, milling test was planned, using rice which come within the requirement of 3rd grade, and produced in each prefectures, as materials. 2. Between prefectures, highly significant differences are recognizable as to milling rate, and this significant differences are unchanged by adjustment of regression. 3. So we can classify quality of rice by the significant differences in milling rate shown after adjustment of regression.
  • 森本 勇
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 92-94
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. The author calculated the main yielding factor of soy bean at all prefectural agricultural experiment stations Japan, the total sum of variety investigated by him amounts to 4500. But he argues here onlyon the main yielding factor. 2. The stem length is min. 20, max. 140, mean 65, σ 21 cm. 3. The per tan yield is min. 0.0, max. 3.0, mean 1.17, σ 0.556 koku. 4. The author made the calorie calculation to compare yielding efficiencies of soy bean and paddy rice and sweet potato each other, and the results are as follows: soy bean 680000±310000 Cal., paddy rice 1570000±320000 Cal. and sweet potato 2920000±10400O Cal. 5. But the soy bean must be considered as protein resource, and the comparison of per tan protein yields are as follows : soy bean 57±27 kg. paddy rice 47±10 kg. and sweet potato 26±9kg. 6. The author also argued about the test weight and a hundred grain weight of soy bean.
  • 渡部 忠世
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 95-96
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    In this experiment, it was tested how the flowering of soybean plants was influenced by the different contents of soil moisture, which were artificially kept 30% (A plot) and 70% (C plot) during the whole course of the growth and 30% during the flowering period (B plot). A local variety named Akazaya was used for this purpose. The results obtained were as follows : (1) The vegetative growth of plants grown under the drought conditions (A & B plots) was rather reduced in comparison to that of plants grown under normal (C plot) ; the decrement of numbers of both nodes and branches which bore flowers was striking in A plot. (2) Total number of flowers was therefore decreased by the treatments (A & B plots) : while it was found that the ratio of flowers in main stem to those in branches was always the same (1 : 3); notwithstanding those treatments. (3) The reduction of numbers of flowers in lower nodes was remarkable under the severest drought condition (A plot). Then the flowering in such a plant was found in nearly a rhomb shape In contrast to A plot, the shape was a triangle in normal plants (C plot). And in B plot, it took a middle shape between A and c . In short the reduction of flowers caused by the drought was due to that in lower nodes. (4) Days from the germination to the beginning of blooming were undistinguishable among three plots. But, under the constant drought condition (A plot), the blooming date seemed to be significantly postponed in both upper and lower nodes. (5) The duration of flowering period was reduced by the treatments ; especially the reduction occured evidently in upper and lower nodes of plants grown under the constant drought condition (A plot). (6) Concerning all stems examined, the influences of the treatments were almost unrecognizable in both sixth and seventh nodes. Because all flowers borne on these nodes were nearly the same in number in all plots.
  • 藤田 時雄, 三石 昭三
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 97-98
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    The material used in this investigation is the root nodules of pea (Pisum sativam), which was fixed in Bouin's fluid, imbedded in paraffin, sectioned at thicknesses of 10-13μ and stained in Heidenhain's iron-alum-haematoxylin. According to this investigation, mitosis have been odserved during the meristematic region and amitosis during the early development of the bacteroid tissue. At the beginning of the am itosis, the nucleolus is gradually developed and becomes somewhat oval in shape (Fig. 2), and later, a constriction appears in the centre of nucleolus. At about the same time a constriction appears in the nucleoli (Fig. 3, 4) to separate them in two daughter nucleoli (Fig. 5, 6). In the bacteroid tissue, the nucleolus of almost every cell shows a small spherical bud which can be stained as deeply as the nucleolus itself. The amitosis and the buddings of nucleoli, which occur in the cells of the bacteroid tissue indicate some particular conditions in the cell. The chromosome numbers in meristematic region of the root-nodule of pea is 28, although 14 in foot tip cell.
  • 竹島 溥二
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 99-100
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    1) By the application of high temperature and short day at the same time in the electro-heating hot bed, the growth and the acceleration of flowering time were studied in 10 summer and autumn type of soy beans 2) By the treatment the growth in earlier period was promoted, but later it became inferior to the control. 3) The flowering was accelerated by 20∼58 days by the treatment, and the degree of acceleration was larger in autumn type than in sumer one.
  • 原田 景次
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 101-102
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    I observed the habitude of plooming and maturing of red bean in the various sowing times and contemplated the relation between the yield of climatic elements and the above habitude. The results obtained are as follows. (1), The number of flower has the tendency to decrease as the sowing time delays. The flowering-date distribution in the case of early or proper sowing time shows the bi- or tri- modal curve, and in the delayed sowing shows mono-modal curve. The blooming period in the early or delayed sowing is shortet than the period in the proper sowing. (2), The blooming of every flower on a plant bigins from the middle node to the upper and lower nodes. On the branch, the flower of basal node blooms earlier than the top one. (3), The each period from 50 % blooming to maturing needs about 30 days. (4), The maturing-date distribution have the same tendency as the flowering one. (5), The seed number per pod seems to easily controlled by the environment, and have the tendency to decrease as the sowing time delays. When the sowing time delays and the maturing time prolongs, the seed becomes bigger. (6), The yield (seed weight) decreased as the sowing time delays in spite of the exaggerated vegetative growth. (7), It seems that the favourable air temperature on blooming are higher than 30°C maximum, 20°C minimum, 26°C average and the additional temperature from sowing to blooming needs more than about 1000°C.
  • 白沢 義信
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 103-104
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    This experiments were conducted to clear the influence of various amounts of phosphorous and potash supply on growth and fruiting of buckwheat plant. The Shinano No. 1 was used as materials. The results are summmarized as follows ; 1) By increasing the amount of phosphorbus supply, the plant grows higher, while the diameter of stem (at 5 cm level from the ground) is not so large. By increasing the amount of potash, it was found that the reverse was true. Little differences were observed in germination percentage between potash and phosphorous plots, but as to the flowering, the latter is earlier than the former. The flowering period is postponed by the phosphorous supply. The stem becomes hard gradually by increasing the amount of both fertilizers, particularily by potash. 2) The number of flowers are much earqer in phosphorous plots than in potash plots. The fruiting percentage is not affected by the phosphorous, but affected remarkably by potash. The blasting percentage comes up about to 5 per dent in potash plot's, and about 15 per cent in phosphorous plots. It may be said that potash is one of the most remarkable factors for buckwheat plant ; on fruiting and hardening.
  • 中 潤三郎, 大森 浩
    1953 年 22 巻 1-2 号 p. 105-106
    発行日: 1953/12/25
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the present paper are described the behavior of reserve carbohydrate contents, together with the variations of moisture content, amylase activities, pH value of the pressed juice and the respiration rate of seed sweet potatoes during their hot-nursery period, using the variety "Gokoku" as material. The experimental results obtained may be summarized as follow: 1. At the sprouting stage of the root tubers, the respiration rate and moisture content showed remarkable increase, while the starch and non-reducing sugar contents decreased as compared with those at the time of bedding. 2. When the number of sbrouts reached maximum the reduction rate of starch became less, while the abundant moisture content and the respiration rate were similar as in the preceding sprouting stage. 3. Upon attaining a later stage in the hot-nursery, the seed tuber give rise some local swelling or crack on the tuber surface due to the vigorous growth of new young shoots. At this stage the reducing and non-reducing sugar contents were low, which in turn resulted in decrease of respiration rate and moisture content. Starch content at this stage, however, increased a little according to the supply of photosynthetic products from the young shoots.
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