日本作物学会紀事
Online ISSN : 1349-0990
Print ISSN : 0011-1848
ISSN-L : 0011-1848
55 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の11件中1~11を表示しています
  • Raafat K. RAVIE
    1986 年 55 巻 1 号 p. 1-6
    発行日: 1986/03/05
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    ダイズを用いて, 化合態窒素施用根粒菌無接種 (N), 化合態窒素施用根粒菌接種 (N+R), 化合態窒素無施用根粒菌接種(R)の三処理と遮光(50%), 非遮光の光条件二処理を組み合せて, バーミキュライトポット栽培法により, 植物体各部位の窒素集積の生育段階ごとの変化, 根系呼吸活性 (CO2放出), 莢実蛋白生産効率 (莢実N量/全植物体N量×10)を調べ, 次のような結果を得た 1. (R)処理植物は, 他の窒素源処理植物にくらへて植物体のいずれの部位についても最も低い窒素含有量を示し, また, 莢実肥大期では (N+R) 処理植物が莢実と根粒を除く各部位について最も高い窒素含有量を示した, 2. 遮光処理植物は, 一般に非遮光植物にくらべて低い窒素含有量を示すした. 3. 根系の呼吸活性と植物体の窒素集積量との間には, 有意の高い上の相関が認められた. 4. 植物1個体当りの莢実蛋白量は (N)処理植物で最も高く, (R)処理植物で最も低かった。一方, 化合態窒素施用植物の莢実蛋白生産効率は, 遮光処理によって上昇するが, それは植物1個体当りの莢実総蛋白量の増加には反映しなかった. これらの結果から, 根粒菌の種千への接種に加えて化合態窒素を施用することは, ダイズの窒索栄養上有意義であり, とくに, 間作のような遮光条件や, 砂質土壌のような窒素質に乏しく根粒菌密度も低い条件下での生育において有意義であると結論された.
  • 続 栄治, 古庄 雅彦
    1986 年 55 巻 1 号 p. 7-14
    発行日: 1986/03/05
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    A cross between Brimful from Nepal (a scented variety with high protein) and Nippon bare (a Japanese rice variety) was carried out in 1977 and F2-F5 plants were grown from 1978 to 1982. The present experiment was conducted for getting the informations on breeding of rice variety with high protein. The results obtained are summarized as follows : Grain protein content in F2 and F3 plants showed wide and continuous distributions. Mean of F2 plants was located between P1 (high protein parent) and P2 (low protein parent) and slightly lower than the mid parent (Figs. 1, 2). The narrow sense heritability of protein content based on the variance and co-variance of F2 and F3 plants was O.588. As concerns protein content and agronomic characters, result of F5 plants did not show significant correlation except one line (Table 8). These results indicated that it was possible to select promising lines having high protein property and desirable agronomic characters. As compared with F3 and F4 generations, F5 was high in mean value of protein content and also decreased in the genetic variance of protein one (Tables 1, 2, 7). High protein property showed the tendency of being bred in true in F5 generation. As for amino acid contents in F4 and F5, there were significant differences among the lines in three amino acids per dry weight basis, not per protein basis, and the lines were far better in the trait than Nippon bare (Tables 4, 9). Significant correlation was observed between protein content and lysine and threonine per dry weight in F4 and F5 plants (Tables 5, 10). The promising lines which have high protein property and also relatively good agronomic characters were selected based on thc measured results in F5 plants (Table 11).
  • 稲永 忍, 玖村 敦彦, 村田 吉男
    1986 年 55 巻 1 号 p. 15-19
    発行日: 1986/03/05
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    Dependence of seed yield on sink capacity and matter supply from the source was examined in individual pods of rape plants (Brassica napus L., cv. Norin No. 16) grown in a field. The effects of matter supply from the source were examined grading light intensity by shading treatments in the ripening period. The effects of sink capacity were analyzed based on the individual variation of seed number that occurred naturaly in a pod. Seed yield and sink capacity were expressed as those based on unit surface area of pod and termed "relative seed yield" and "relative sink capacity" respectively. Aspects of variation in relative sink capacity in the "pod layer" were also examined. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Under natural light (no shading), relative seed yield increased linearly with relative sink capacity, suggesting that seed yield was determined by sink capacity of pod. Under lower light intensities (72% and 44% of natural light), relative seed yield increased with relative sink capacity only in the case where the latter was small. Above a critical point, the increase in relative sink capacity did not result in an increase of relative seed yield any more, showing that seed yield was determined by matter supply from the source in this situation. The critical point of the relative sink capacity lowered with decreasing light intensity (Fig. 1). 2. Relative seed yield increased with light intensity, the rate of increment was larger at the larger relative sink capacity (Fig. 2). 3. Since pods located at higher levels of the pod layer are exposed to strong light, it is desirable that the relative sink capacities of those pods are large. However, the acutual vertical distribution of relative sink capacity in a pod layer wes just the opposite to this (Figs. 3 and 4). 4. There was a fairly close positive correlation between percentage of seed-setting and relative sink capacity. Thus, improving seed-setting in pods at higher levels of the pod layer was considered to be effective for increasing seed yield (Fig. 5).
  • 稲永 忍, 玖村 敦彦, 衛藤 邦男, 角田 公正
    1986 年 55 巻 1 号 p. 20-27
    発行日: 1986/03/05
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    Using rape plants (Brassica napus L., cv. Norin No.16), the following two experiments were conducted. In Exp. I, leaf cutting (cutting of all leaves) and leaf shading (80% of natural condition) were carried out at various stages during the period from the beginning of flowering to near maturity. In Exp. II, just after the end of the flowering period, pod thinning (25 and 50% of non-treated plant), leaf cutting (cutting of all leaves) and shading (whole plant, 50% of natural condition) were carried out. From the data obtained, times and factors for determination of yield components were examined mainly from the view point of assimilate supply. The results are summarized as follows : 1. Number of pods per plant kept increasing upto the end of the flowering period and then decreased rapidly due to abortion of young pods located at upper positions of inflorescences. The abortion ceased a week after the end of the flowering period and pod number kept a constant level thereafter (Fig. 1). 2. Number of pods decreased significantly by shading and cutting of leaves conducted at and before the middle of the flowering period. However, the treatments carried out later than that stage did not show such an effect. From this fact, it was suggested that the development of individual pods had been potentially decided at the end of the flowering period (Taable 1). 3. Number of seeds per pod was significantly affected by shading and cutting of leaves carried out at and earlier than the end of the flowering period and was not affected so by later ones (Table 1). 4. Dry weight per seed was affected significantly by the treatments carried out at and earlier than a week after the end of the flowering period (Table 1). 5. From the above-mentioned results, it was concluded that final magnitude of yield components was fixed in the order of number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and dry weight per seed . 6. Number of pods per plant decreased by shading and cutting of leaves at early stages in the flowering period. The extent of decrease in pod number that resulted from a treatment, corresponded to the decrease in dry matter production of plant due to the treatment. Since there wils no substantial difference in the relationships between dry matter production of plant and pod number in the both treatments, pod number was considered to be determined by assimilate supply (Table 1, Fig. 2). 7. The effects of whole plant shading and leaf cutting on number of seeds per pod were quite different. The shading affected little or only slightly seed number though the treatment resulted in considerable reduction in dry matter production of plant per pod. Pod thinning (without leaf cutting) resulted in a large increase in dry matter production of plant per pod, nevertheless it did not bring about an increase in seed number. Contrastingly, leaf cutting caused a large reduction in the seed number even when dry matter production of plant per pod was similar to that for control. From these facts, it was considered that the process of seed set was regulated rather by some unknown substances from leaves than assimilate (Table 2, Fig. 3). 8. Dry weight per seed was changed by pod thinning, leaf cutting and whole plant shading closely correlating with dry matter production of plant per seed. From this, it was shown that dry weight per seed was primarily determined by assimilate supply (Table 2, Fig.4). 9. Percentage of oil in seed was changed by treatments and increased with increasse in dry matter production of plant per seed. The contents of protein and other constituents without oil and protein (most of these are considered to be polysaccharides) decreased with increase in dry matter production of plant per seed with a much larger rate in the latter. Since energy cost for biosynthesis is oil > protein > polysaccharides, it was suggested that the higher the energy cost for biosynthesis of a substance, the synthesis is acceralated at the higher rate as assim
  • 芝山 道郎, 棟方 研
    1986 年 55 巻 1 号 p. 28-34
    発行日: 1986/03/05
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    室内用の積分球付分光光度計を使用して、重ね合わせたろ紙やゼラニウム葉の近赤外域反射率を測定したところ, 1. ろ紙や葉の枚数と近赤外全域 (800~1,300 nm) の反射率との間に比例関係が認められた. 2. 1,200 nm付近の反射率の低下が重ねたろ紙や葉の枚数が増えるとともに大きくなり, またそれが葉緑素の存在の影響を受けにくいことが推量された. これらの知見をもとに, 前報で紹介した作物群落用反射スペク卜ル解析装置を使用して, ポット栽培の水稲幼植物集団と, 屋外のライシメータに栽培した水稲の成熟群落の分光反射率を測定・解析した. その結果として 1. 新たに見い出された 1,200nm付近の反射率は、実際の水稲群落でも, その乾物重推定上, 有効であることがわかった. 2. 1,100/1,200nm バイバンド比は, 従来, 最もよく使わわてきた、近赤外/赤バイバンド比よりも, 高密度な作物集団に対して, 生体量 (乾物重) 推定上, 精度が上まわる傾向のあることが確められた. 以上のことから, 圃場における高い繁茂度を示す作物群落の生体量を推定する手法として, 近~中小外域の分光反射率測定の有用性が示唆された.
  • 高崎 康夫, 大泉 久一, 野島 博
    1986 年 55 巻 1 号 p. 35-40
    発行日: 1986/03/05
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. An experiment was designed to investigate the effect of cutting frequency on the change of components in the alfalfa swards. Cv. Moapa (early, quick regrowth after cutting, erect type) and cv. Vernal (late, slow regrowth after cutting, prostrate type) were grown in pure and mixed swards at a density of 100 plants/m2. Two cutting schedules, 4 and 6 cuts per year, were imposed on these swards. Yield and plant number per unit area were examined at each cutting time. 2. Percentage of Vernal in the yield of the mixed swards decreased as cutting schedules advanced. The rate of decrease was greater in the 6-cut sward than in the 4-cut sward (Fig. 1). 3. Plant numbers per unit area reduced as the cutting schedules advanced both in the pure and mixed swards. The rate of reduction was much higher in the case of 6 cuts than in the case of 4 cuts (Fig. 2). 4. The reduction in plant numbers in the mixed swards was mainly due to the reduction of the plants of Vernal (Fig. 2). The surviving rate of Vernal in the mixed swards was lower than that in the pure swards, and the surviving rate of Moapa in the mixed swards was higher than in the pure swards (Fig. 3). 5. The yield of individual plant of Moapa in the mixed swards was greater than that of Vernal at every cutting time (Figs. 4 and 5). 6. It was inferred from these results that an alfalfa sward would eventually shift to a sward in which late type plants were less in number than in the original sward, and that the shift would probably be accelerated by increased cutting frequency.
  • 頼 光隆, 劉 麗飛
    1986 年 55 巻 1 号 p. 41-46
    発行日: 1986/03/05
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    矮性 (株高58.6-85.3cm) で異なる成熟期 (81~113日) を示す印度型水稲17品種の幼胚からカルスを誘導し, 直接あるいは異なる回数継代培養を行なった後で器官再分化の様相を観察した. その結果, カルスから器官が分化されてくる様相は品種間で大きな差異が認められ, 高いものでは根器官が70~95%, 芽が54~68%, 低いものでは根器官が0~14%, 芽が0~10%の再分化率を示したのである. また, 継代培養の結果, 器官分化の百分比が二代目で著るしく低下することが認められたが, 器官分化の比率が高い品種では長期に亘る継代培養において, 器官分化の比率が20%前後を維持していたのに対し, 器官分化の比率が低い品種ではさらにその分化能力が低下したのである. この結果, 水稲カルスから器官が分化されてくる場合, 品種間の遺伝的要素が矮性, 成熟期などの形態的, 生理的特性よりも重大な関係を持つことが示唆された.
  • 芝山 道郎, 棟方 研
    1986 年 55 巻 1 号 p. 47-52
    発行日: 1986/03/05
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    水稲5品種をライシメータで栽培し, 最高分げつ期から出穂期にわたって, 作物群落用反射スペクトル解析装置により, 群落の分光反射率を測定した測定波長域は460~1,600nmとした. 赤色 (660nm), 近赤外 (840nm), 中赤外 (1,100, 1,200, 1,580nm) 域の各バンド反射率間の各種演算値 (第1表) と地上部乾物量との相関関係を調べた. このうち 1,100, 1,200nmバンドは前報でその有効性を指摘したものである 1,580nm/バンドは、ランドサット (地球資源探査衛星) のセンサーに使われている比較的新しい波長の一部で植生の探査・解析用として期待が持たれている. 回帰分析を行なった結果 (第2表, 第2図a,b,c). 1. 1,100nmと1,200nmバント, または1,580nmと840nmを使った比演算及び差と和の比が, 乾物量と比較的高い相関を示し, 660 nmと840 nmバントを使う演算値よりも明らかに有効と考えられた. 2. 比演算値及び差と和の比は ,単なる2バンド間の差よりも良好な結果を与えた. 3. 近・中赤外バンドの演算値を用いた重回帰分析の結果, 乾物量600~1,300g/m2の範囲でR2=0.52を得た(第3,4表, 第3図). これらの結果により, 野外分光測定によって高い繁茂度の水稲の生体量を推定する上で1,200nm付近, 1,580nm付近のバンドの有効性が確認された. また中赤外域における作物の野外分光研究の重要性が強く示唆された.
  • 芝山 道郎, 棟方 研
    1986 年 55 巻 1 号 p. 53-59
    発行日: 1986/03/05
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. 水稲5品種をライシメータで異なる施肥条件下で栽培し, 登熱後期に群落の反射スベクトルを測定した. 測定波長域は460-1,600nmである. 反射率測定後, 供試区は粗もみ収量, 玄米収量, 風乾わら重, 及び地上部乾物重についてサンブリング調査した. 各波長反射率から, 粗もみ収量を推定する重回帰分析を行なった. 自由度調整済重回帰係数 (R*)を指標にして変数増加法によって有効な波長を探索した. その結果, (1) 580, 620, 840,及び1,260nm反射率の線型式で, R<*2>=0.79 (観測数=20)が得られた. この式による予測値は, 0-8OO g/m2以上の広い収量水準の範囲で実測値とよく合致し, 品種の違いによる影響を受けにくいと思われた. (2) 580nm (緑)と1,260mn (中赤外) 反射率は粗もみ収量に対して負の相関を示したが, 620nm (赤)と840nm (近赤外) 反射率は正の相関を示した. 2. 冷害を被り, もみ摺り歩合が様々に低下した水稲もみの反射率を室内・電球光下で本装置によって測定した. もみの充実度合が高くなるに従い, 1,200nm帯の反射が小さくなる様子が見られ, 屋外での測定で粗もみ収量と1,260nm反射率とが負の相関を示したことと現象的に一致した. 3. 1トン上の結果から, 中赤外域の1,200nm付近の反射率が粗もみ収量の推定に有効であることが示唆された. また, 近赤外域のみならず, 緑, 赤色などの可視域スペクトルも, 収穫期水稲の収量推定上, 重要であることがわかった.
  • 林 久喜, 花田 毅一
    1986 年 55 巻 1 号 p. 60-67
    発行日: 1986/03/05
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    Leaves and/or bracts of safflower plants were removed at the first flowering stage of the head of the main stem, for the purpose of obtaining information as to the contribution of leaves and bracts to seed yield and yield components, i.e. number of seeds per head and 100-seed-weight, during maturity. The results are summarized as follows : 1. The area of bracts is only 5% of the total area of leaves and bracts in the main stem, but it reaches about 50% in the branches. The ratio in the whole plant was about 14% (Table 1). 2. At the maturity, stems, leaves and heads accounted for about 25%, 15% and 60% of the total dry weight, respectively. Removal of leaves and/or bracts decreased the dry weight of heads, especially that of the branches, more remarkably than the dry weight of stems or leaves (Table 2). 3. Removal of leaves or leaves and bracts decreased the seed yield through the reduction of both the number of seeds and 100-seed-weight. Removal of leaves or leaves and bracts affected the seed yield and number of seeds of the head of the branches more remarkably than those of the main stem, and affected 1OO-seed-weight similarly in the head of the main stem and in the head of the branches (Tables 3, 4). 4. All leaves and bracts contributed to the seed yield of the plant by about 70%. When all leaves and bracts were removed, seed yield of 1.3 g was gained. This seed yield was presumably contributed by the stored photosynthates and the current photosynthates during maturity by the other green parts such as the surface of the stem and head. All leaves and bracts contributed similarly, by about 45%, to the number of seeds and 100-seed-weight (Table 5). 5. The contribution of all leaves to the seed yield was as large as 56% when the bracts were present, and much larger, i.e. about 69%, when the bracts were removed. The contribution of all leaves to the number of seeds and 100-seed-weight was 37% and 28%, respectively, when the bracts were present (Table 5). 6. The leaves of the main stem contributed to the seed yield of the plant by about 40%. The contribution of the leaves of the main stem to seed yield, the number of seeds and 100-seed-weight of the plant was larger than that of the branch leaves. The leaves of the main stem contributed not only to the seed yield of the main stem itself but also to that of the branches. Similarly, the leaves of the branches contributed to both the seed yield of the main stem and that of the branches (Table 5). 7. The contribution of bracts to seed yield was rather small, about 8%, when the leaves were not removed, but it was very large, about 35%, when the leaves were removed (Table 5). The contribution of the bracts to 100-seed-weight when the leaves were removed was especially large. It is suggested, therefore, that the bracts have an ability to substitute for leaves in the ripening of seeds.
  • 丸山 幸夫, 田嶋 公一
    1986 年 55 巻 1 号 p. 68-70
    発行日: 1986/03/05
    公開日: 2008/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
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