巻号一覧
44 巻, 3 号
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村上 紀夫, 伊藤 武1975 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 229-235
発行日: 1975/09/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーこの試験は, ばれいしよ44品種, 19年間の試験成績を用いて, 上いも数, 一個重およびでんぷん価形質について, Finlay and Wilkinson (1963)の提唱した回帰係数, および年次平均値を求め, 個々の品種の年次安定性を推定するとともに, 各品種の年次安定性を4つのタイプとその他に分類することを試みた. さらに, 年次安定性に影響を及ぼすと思われる疫病罹病率について検討を加えた. 1. 上いも数, 一個重およびでんぷん価について, 品種ごとの回帰直線の分散分析の結果, 年次安定性に品種間差異がみられた. 2. 上いも数, 一個重およびでんぷん価について, 年次安定性を示す品種, 多い値で平均安定性を示す品種, 少い値で平均安定性を示す品種および年次不安定性を示す品種などに分類し得た. 3. 上いも数についての品種の年次安定性は, 一個重と有意な負の相関関係を示した. また, 一個重についての品種の年次安定性は, 上いも数およびでんぷん価と有意な負の相関関係を示したが, 一個重とは有意な正の相関関係を示した. しかし, でんぷん価についての品種の年次安定性は, これら3形質との間に有意な相関関係が認められなかつた. 4. 上いも数およびでんぷん価についての品種の年次安定性は, 疫病罹病率との間に有意な負の相関関係を示し, 疫病罹病率の増大は年次不安定となる傾向を認めた.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (726K) -
片山 忠夫1975 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 236-242
発行日: 1975/09/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリー短日処理回数と促進程度を調査し, 促進度の表示方法を考案する目的で, 低緯度地方に分布する材料を主として用いて実験を行なつた. 稲属8種55系統を用い, 60日令より12時間30分明期下で5, 10, 15, 20, 25および30日間短日処理を行なつた. 感光性を示す最少処理日数に基いて6群に分類された. 分類学上から, O. sativa var. spontanea と O. perennis の約2/3の系統が5日間処理で反応を示すのに反し, O. officinalis の4/5の系統が15日間処理で反応し始めるのが注目された. 一般に低緯度地方に分布する系統はこの日数が多い傾向を示した. 対照区, 処理6区の間で示される反応の違いを5%1.s.d.の値を用いて30群に分類された. 一般に低緯度地方に分布する系統は処理日数を増加すると有意に促進される. また詳細に全処理区を通じて出穂促進の程度に応じてパターンを7群に再分類された. O. sativa var. spontanea と O. perennis のみが示すパターンが見出された. このように, 花芽分化に必要な短日最少日数, 処理日数増加に伴う促進の傾向とその程度は, 系統によつて, また種によつてかなり異なり, これらの因子は感光性表示の方法として有効であることが分かつた.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (736K) -
茶村 修吾1975 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 243-249
発行日: 1975/09/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーThe histochemical investigations on localization and properties of inorganic phosphorus, organic phosphorus and lipid were carried out mainly in aleurone layer of rice kernels. The results obtained are fummarized as follows. 1. Three to four days after flowering, inorganic phosphorus was found distributed markedly in dorsal conductive tissues, nucellar epidermis and inner integument. 2. From 5th to 11th days, the differentiation of the aleurone cells became distinct and at the same time the reaction of inorganic phosphorus and organic phosphorus were conspicuous in these cells. On the other hand the reactions became less distinct in epidermis of nucellus and inner integument. From 15th day, phytin phosphate was markedly accumulated in rice brain. At the time of the differentiation of the aleurone grains, the amounts of inorganic phosphorus and organic phosphorus in these grains became the most abundart in all tissues of rice kernel. 3. Organic and inorganic phosphorus were found to be localized in almost the same conductive tissues, but they were present only in small amounts in starch cells. 4. From these results, it is assumed that the inorganic phosphorus and sugar phosphorus, transported into rice kernels from leaves and stems, are translocated via the same conductive tissues. At the first stage, both imported phosphorus stay in the conductive tisses. At the second stage, with the differentiation of aleurone cell and, at the last stage, with the differentiation of aleurone grains, the imported inorganic phosphorus was accumulated in these organs respectively. The sugar phosphorus, at the 2nd and 3rd stages, seems to be transported to starch cells, after the permeation through aleurone cells. Then inorganic phosphorus, liberated in the starch syhthesis, seems to be accumulated in aleurone cells or aleurone grains, via phosphorus body. Phytic acid shosphorus seemes to be synthesized from the inorganic phosphorus in these organs. 5. Three days after flowering, lipids appeared as droplets and were developed in aleurone cell. Lipips were distributed much in outer space of aleurone grains but also found to be contained in these grains.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1338K) -
佐々木 一男, 和田 定1975 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 250-254
発行日: 1975/09/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーGrowing the rice plants under various conditions of some possible combinations of nitrogen (N:0:48 and 0.96g/pot), phosphoric acid (P:0.48, 0.96 and 1.92 g/pot), potash (K:0.48, 0.96 and 1.92 g/pot) and the number of days of treatment (D:5 and 6 days), the authors examined their main effects and interactions on the percentage of sterile grains. The rice variety "Eiko" was used and the air-temperature of treatment was 15°C. The experimental design was 22×32 factorial in 36 units with one block. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Main effects of N and P were significant at 0.1% and 1% levels, respectively. That is, the more N and the less P, the higher percentage of sterile grains. 2. Main effect of K was not significant. 3. Only the interaction between N and P was significant at 5% levels. On the percentage of sterile grains, effects of N and P were changed by P and N levels, respectively.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (534K) -
平 宏和, 平 春枝, 小野 信一1975 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 255-262
発行日: 1975/09/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーInvestigations have been carried out to determine the difference between upland culture by intermittent irrigation after nearly young panicle formation stage and lowland culture on the ash, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, manganese and iron contents of brown rice of 20 varieties each of upland rice and lowland rice and 14 varieties of their hybrid rice. The upland culture, as compared with the lowland culture, gave significantly low manganese content and high iron content of the upland, lowland and hybrid brown rice on dry matter basis. Further, the upland and lowland brown rice by the upland culture had significantly higher ash, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium contents on dry matter basis than those by the lowland culture. With regard to the minerals in ash, the upland culture gave significantly low manganese and magnesium contents of the upland, lowland and hybrid brown rice and also low potassium content of the upland and hybrid brown rice and high iron content of the hybrid brown rice in comparison with the lowland culture.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (850K) -
佐藤 光政, 大山 勝夫1975 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 263-268
発行日: 1975/09/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリー桑の単葉からとりこまれた光合成産物の転流のパターンは同化葉の位置または葉令によつていちじるしい影響を受け, 葉令の若い上位葉からは先端部の茎葉への分配率が比較的高く, 葉令のすすんだ下位葉からは株や根への分配率が高くなることが知られている. 本報では枝条の上, 中または下部の14CO2をとりこませるべき葉(以下14CO2同化葉という)と枝条先端部, 株および根など光合成産物のシンクとなるべき器官の間にある葉を摘除し, 4日後に14CO2を同化させ, その後における14C-光合成産物の転流について実験を行なつた. 得られた結果の概要は次のとおりである. 1. 14CO2同化葉と枝条先端部との間の葉を摘除した場合には, 枝条先端部への転流が促進され, 株や根への転流は減少した. 2. 14CO2同化葉より下部にある葉を摘除した場合には, 株と根への転流がわずかに増加した. 3. 葉を摘除した部分の枝条中の比放射能は摘除していない部分にくらべて高くなる傾向が認められた. 4. 摘除される葉の量が多い場合には, 14CO2同化葉に保持されて他の器官に転流しない14C-光合成産物の割合が低下した.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (596K) -
秋山 侃, 武田 友四郎1975 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 269-274
発行日: 1975/09/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーSeveral experiments were conducted for the purpose to know the role of the leaf photosynthetic rate playing on the dry matter production in corn plant. The leaf photosynthetic rates among 4 varieties of corn were measured changing radiation levels at 3 different growth stages. At the same time, dry matter production of each variety was measured under controled LAI by changing pot intervals. Results obtained were as follows. 1. The rate of leaf photosynthesis was different among varieties. Some varieties attained high capacity at intensive radiation level, while others saturated at relatively low light intensity. 2. Generally, the maximum rate of leaf photosynthesis decreased according with the advance of leaf age and piling of leaf layers. But varieties which adapted to low light intensity attained higher dry matter production. 3. Positive relationships were observed between NAR and rate of leaf photosynthesis at any growth stages. Especially, the photosynthetic rate of the newest fully expanded leaf at 60 Klux of radiation and NAR was closely correlated during early vegetative stage, while during active vegetative stage, between one at 10 Klux of radiation and NAR existed high correlation. These suggest that photosynthetic capacity at low light level plays rather important role for dry matter production especially under well grown canopy.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (608K) -
秋山 侃, 武田 友四郎1975 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 275-280
発行日: 1975/09/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーIn the previous papers, plant factors constituting dry matter production had been investigated analytically. Then the authors compare the productivity applying mathematical model among three varieties of corn possessing different plant forms and different patterns of leaf photosynthetic reaction for light. That is, Golden Cross Bantam has a horizontal plant form and high leaf photosynthetic capacity under abundant radiation. While, Koh No. 7 has rather a vertical plant form and higher efficiency for light utilyzation under low level of radiation. Koh No. 3 is in-between type. Applied values of photosynthetic parameters were quoted the values for imitated population by pots in the previous experiment. Following results were confirmed mathematically among these varieties. 1. Surplus production calculated with Monsi-Saeki model agreed fairly well with the observed CGR acquired in the previous experiment. 2. Golden Gross Bantam is advantageous during initial vegetative stage having only sparse leaf layers. However, the surplus production in Koh No. 7 exceeds those of the other varieties in active vegetative stage. These facts agree with results obtained in the analysis of dry matter production.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (676K) -
佐藤 亨, 津野 幸人1975 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 281-286
発行日: 1975/09/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーIt is well known that corn and sorghum have high ability in dry matter production, and also have high activity in photosynthesis of leaves. This study has been made to elucidate the photosynthetic rate of corn tassels, sorghum ears and their leaf sheaths. The photosynthetic rate of the three organs was measured with an air flow method using the assimilation chember as shown in figure 1 for potted corn and sorghum plants. 1. The leaf sheaths and green stems of corn plants indicated the slight activity of net photosynthesis as 1∼2mgCO/dm2/hr in its maximum rate. On the other hand, sorghum leaf sheaths and green stems showed respectively a higher activity than that of corn, 18 and 10mg CO2/dm2/hr at 60 Klux of light intensity. 2. The corn tassels and the sorghum ears had a low activity of photosynthesis, and showed a tendency which immediately sloped down several days after the heading. Both the corn tassels and sorghum ears could be classified as the non-photosynthetic organs in the growth analysis study. The order of maximum rate of the net photosynthesis in each organ of the sorghum plant was as follows: leaf sheaths, stems, ears. Generally, the photosynthetic rate of observed organs in sorghum plants showed higher rates than those of corn plants. 3. It is considered that the sorghum leaf sheaths and green stems had contributed to dry matter production with their net photosynthetic activity. The green parts of both, the leaf sheaths and the stems in sorghum plants, should be classified as photosynthetic organs owing to their activity of 20mgCO2/dm2/hr under an illumianted condition.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (641K) -
津野 幸人, 佐藤 亨, 宮本 広志, 原田 典正1975 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 287-292
発行日: 1975/09/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーLeaf sheaths and ears of rice plants have been classified as non-photosynthetic organs on the growth analysis method, but their tissues have chlorophyll as photosynthetic element. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the activity of CO2 uptake of their parts in more detail on dry matter production. Furthermore, one has to point out the physiological factors related to that photosynthetic activity. Using an open system of gas analysis (air flow method), it was found that CO2 uptake and CO2 evolution in light and in darkness from the upper and lower parts of leaf sheaths and ears for potted rice have a different response to light intensities. I. Maximum rate of net photosynthesis per exposed surface of the leaf sheath and the rear were 3 and 1∼2mgCO2/dm2(100 spikelets)/hr respectively, and the light saturation point was about 40 Klux on vigorous organs. Gross photosynthetic rate and saturation point were decreased along with the discoloring of green on their organs. 2. Changes of the gross photosyntheis of ears with elapsed time showed the trend of a close parallel to that of the respiratory rate in darkness and to that of chrolophyll content in their parts, also the net photosynthetic rate of ears was related to water content in their parts. It is suggested that the ability of photosynthesis of ears may be less contributive to dry matter production, and have a net photosynthesis for a short time from heading to the milky stage. The gross photosynthetic rate of leaf sheaths had an intimate possitive correlation to the respiratory rate and the chrolophyll content in their organs through all growth stages. 3. The leaf sheaths and the ears of rice plats have an ability of net photosynthesis, however, the maximum rate is as small as 10 per cent and below 5 per cent of that of vigorous leaves. It is considered that the leaf sheaths and the ears of rice plants might be classified as non-photosynthetic organs on growth analysis studies, and light penetration within rice plant populations depresses the CO2 evolution from the leaf sheaths at daytime according to the relation of light intensity to photosynthesis of it.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (605K) -
川田 信一郎, 松井 重雄1975 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 293-300
発行日: 1975/09/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーExcised rice seminal roots with scutella were cultured aseptically in vitro by means of "bi-media culture" method. The morphogenetic responses of roots to the changes of the concentration of sugar supplied as glucose solution through the basal parts of the roots were studied. The sugar concentration of the media was changed after the roots were pre-cultured for 7 days and then cultured for succeeding 7 days. When the concentration of glucose was changed from 0.5% to 7%, the elongation rate of primary roots and lateral roots increased immediately after the treatment. The increase in diameter of primary roots which owed to the expansion of individual cortical cells was also observed. On the other hand, when the concentration of glucose was changed from 7% to 0.5%, the elongation rate of primary roots and the thicker laterals did not decrease, but the elongation of the thinner laterals was restricted. The addition of 0.5% of mannose to 6.5% of glucose following the pre-culture with 7% of glucose strictly restricted the elongation of pimary roots and laterals. The results indicate the important role of sugar provision from shoot to root in determining the length, diameter and branching patterns of crown roots of rice plants.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1153K) -
岸 洋1975 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 301-305
発行日: 1975/09/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーIn the present report, in order to clarify the effects of the pre-cutting-frepuency and the regrowth period on the light competition between orchardgrass and Ladino clover grown mixed in the same sward in summer, the effects of these factors on the elongation of the natural plant height of the two species in summer were tested. For this purpose, two test plots different in the cutting frequency in summer were set up respectively on each of the swards in which the two species were grown separately. In the case of the Test Plot A, the cutting was attempted four times during the period from June 12 to July 26, while in the case of Test Plot B, it was attempted two times during the same period. The natural plant height and the vertical distribution of LAI in both test plots were measured on the 31st day and 62nd day counting from the cutting date of July 26. The test results are summarized as follows: 1) It was clear that the elongation of the natural plant height of the two species was not affected by the pre-cutting frequency. Namely, no difference was observed in the natural plant height of the two species between the Test Plot A and B on either day of measurement, i. e., on the 31st day as well as on the 62nd day counting from the cutting date of July 26. 2) The two species were entirely different in the response of the plant height elongation to the regrowth period in summer. Namely, the elongation of the natural plant helght of Ladino clover exceeded that of orchardgrass in the early period after cutting on July 26 (in less than about 30 days), while that of orchardgrass came to exceed that of Ladino clover on the 60th day counting from the cutting date of July 26. 3) Accordingly, it is concluded that the differences of the light competition between the two species in summer (which were observed in the mixed sward different in the cutting frequency as stated in the previous report) can be ascribed to the differences of the response of elongation of the plant height of the two species to the regrowth period in the summer season.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (607K) -
岸 洋1975 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 306-311
発行日: 1975/09/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーIn order to clarify the effects of the growth stage and the temperature on the upward growth of orchardgrass and Ladino clover in summer, the tests were attempted on the two species grown separately in each own sward. The test results are summarilzed as follows: 1) The tiller number per square meter of orchardgrass was larger in spring, while smaller in summer. In spring, 70 to 90 per cent of all tillers were at the reproductive stage, while in summer, most of the tillers were at the vegetative stage. 2) Smallness in the tiller number in summer can be ascribed to the follwing two reasons: -(1): most of the tillers observed in spring have died out after heading by late June. (2): the tillering rate was lower in summer. 3) The plant height of tillers at the reproductive stage in spring was approximately twice as high as that at the vegetative stage in summer, while the plant height of the tillers at the vegitative stage showed almost no difference between spring and summer. 4) Judging from the facts stated in l), 2) and 3), it is concluded that the decrease in the upward growth rate of orchardgrass in summer can be ascribed to the fact that the tillers at the reprodutive stage have been replaced, by early summer, by the tillers which put forth at the vegetative stage. 5) The petiole length of Ladino clover was not related with the growth stage. With regard to the effect of the growth stage, it can be said that the flower buds which reached a peak of the formation in June-July months suppressed the formation of branches in the same season, thus resulting in the decrease in the stolon number per square meter in summer. 6) The petiole length was related with temperature. It has become longer according to the rise in summer temperature. 7) Judging from the facts stated in 5 and 6, it is concluded that the increase in upward growth rate of Ladino clover in summer can be ascribed chiefly to the high temperature in summer.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (694K) -
中村 拓, 橋本 俊一, 太田 保夫, 中野 政行1975 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 312-319
発行日: 1975/09/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーThe investigation reported here was conducted to elucidate the cause of the occurrence of Akagare like disease in rice plants. Recently this injury has been frequently observed in many rice cultivation areas in Kanto, Japan. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Rice plants were placed both in the filtered air chamber which removed the toxic agents from the polluted air and the unfiltered air chamber, plants on the unfiltered air chamber occurred small flecks of bronzing and chlorosis on leaf blade following period of air pollution. In contrast, plants receiving filtered air not only were free of any injury but were much more vigorous in growth. 2. By fumigation with ozone for one hour at 15 pphm, test plants developed injury very similar to Akagare like disease due to photochemical oxidants. 3. Photochemical oxidants injury in rice plants occurred most severely on the second leaf counted from the tip of the completely expanded leaf. Symptoms appeared mainly on the upper surface of the leaf blade and were observed microscopically at the mesophyll cells surrounded stomata. On the other hand in Akagare disease I, II and III it was found that the stomata were free from injury. It was also found by a scanning electron microscope as shown in photographs that in the badly oxidants damaged areas the guard cells degenerated and the stomata were pulled open by injury. From above observation, it was concluded that the injury was caused by the exposure of photochemical oxidants and it can be distinguished the photochemical oxidants injury from the Akagare disease in rice plants.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1400K) -
原田 二郎, 下坪 訓次, 中山 治彦1975 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 320-323
発行日: 1975/09/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリー植物生育調節剤モルファクチン(メチル-2-クロロ-9-ヒドロキシフロレン-9-カルボキシレート)は水稲に比べて水田雑草の生育を著しく攪乱する作用をもつので, 水田除草剤モリネート(3-エチル-ヘキサヒドロ-1H-アゼピン-1-カーボチオエート)と混合し, 湛水土壌処理を行い圃場条件下で除草剤の薬量軽減の可能性を検討した. その結果, モルファクチンは単独処理でも特にタマガヤツリ並びに広葉雑草に対してかなりの抑草効果を示すが, モリネートを一般使用量の60%程度(18g/a)まで減量しても5g/a程度のモルファクチンを混合処理することによつて極めて高い抑草効果を示し, かつ成苗移植水稲に対しては, モルファクチンの葉面散布で観察されたようなロール葉の発生その他の薬害は全く認められないことが明らかとなった. 以上の結果から, モルファクチンは水田除草剤の薬量軽減のための混合剤として利用可能であろうと思われる.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (437K) -
原田 二郎, 中山 治彦1975 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 324-328
発行日: 1975/09/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーNa-1-(p-クロロフェニル)-1, 2-ジヒドロ-4, 6-ジメチル-2-オキソ-ニコチン酸[RH-531]は水稲"銀坊主"並びにそのGA欠失突然変異である"短銀坊主"の第2葉身・葉鞘の内生伸長を著しく抑制し, GA3によつて誘起される"短銀坊主"の第2葉鞘の伸長も同様に抑制することが認められた. また, 節間伸長期におけるRH-531の茎葉散布によつて, 両品種とも穂並びに節間の伸長が著しく抑制され, GA3の同時散布による生育阻害の回復はほとんど認められなかつた. 従来RH-531は, レタスの下胚軸並びにインゲンの節間を用いて行われた実験からGAのアンタゴニストと推定されているが, 以上の結果, 少くとも水稲においてはGAのアンタゴニストとして作用しているのではないことが明らかになつた.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (673K) -
折谷 隆志, 折谷 隆之, 葭田 隆治1975 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 329-334
発行日: 1975/09/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリー水稲未熟種子のメタノール抽出液より得られた酸性, 中性, 弱酸性の各区分をぺーパークロマトグラフィーで分画し, イネ幼苗の生長テストによるバイオアッセイを試みると, 酸性区分に著しい生長阻害活性が認められた. この区分をカラム, 薄層などのクロマトグラフィーで精製したところ, 活性の強い物質Aと弱い物質Bが分離された. さらに, これらの物質はガスクロマトグラフィーでそれぞれcis及びtrans ABAと同定された. これら未熟種子から抽出された2つの生長阻害物質は, 合成cis及びtrans ABAと同様に, 水稲幼苗のGA3によつて誘導された草丈の生長に対して阻害的に作用し, 中茎の伸長に対してはGA3と相加的に作用すること, さらにゼアチンによつて誘導されたニンジンのカルスの生長に対しては1～10 ppmの濃度で阻害的に作用することなどが認められた.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (554K) -
高 清吉, 玖村 敦彦1975 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 335-342
発行日: 1975/09/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーUsing the data on diurnal changes of environmental factors and CO2 exchange, which were obtained in the experiment reported in the first part of this series14), the authors investigated the balance of CO2 and the efficiency of solar energy utilization in wheat stand. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) Gross production per day increased markedly with the increase of solar radiation per day. Respiration per day also increased with solar radiation, but the amount of increase was far less than that of gross production. Consequently, net production increased much with the increase of solar radiation. progress of growth. The increase of gross production was very slow in winter and became rapid from the beginning of March. Gross production attained to the maximum value at the beginning of May (flowering stage) and maintained the high level for about two weeks and thereafter decreased. Respiration per day varied in a similar way to that of gross production though the decrease after the peak was slower than that of gross production. Net production varied in parallel with gross production though the former attained to the peak somewhat earlier than the latter. The amounts of gross production and net production on fine day during flowering stage were ca. 53 gCO2·m-1·day-1 (36 g dry matter·m-1·day-1) and ca. 38 gCO2·m-1·day-1 (26 g dry matter·m-1·day-1), respectively. 3) The ratio of respiration to gross production was very low (ca. 12%) on fine day in winter while it increased gradually with the progress of the season. From the beginning of ripening stage the ratio increased rapidly and reached to 40% at the latter stage of ripening. 4) The ratio of respiration to gross production was in average about 27% at the period of maximum LAI consisting of various weathers. Therefore, it seemed that the ratio was similar to or a little less than those of many other crops at the corresponding stage. 5) Efficiency of solar energy utilization for gross production (Eg; energy fixed by gross photosynthesis/solar energy incident on unit area of land) decreased remarkably with the increase of solar radiation. Efficiency of solar energy utilization for net production (En; energy contained in net production/solar energy incident on unit area of land) also decreased with the increase of solar radiation, although considerably slower than in the case of Eg. 6) Efficiencies of solar energy utilization both for gross and net productions were held at low and almost constant level from the end of January to the beginning of March. After that, those efficiencies began to increse and attained to the peak at the beginning of April. After maintaining the high level for a month or more, these efficiencies began to decrease. 7) In the above mentioned period when Eg and En were maximum, their values were about 3.9% and 2.9% in average under various weathers, respectively. Therefore, the authers concluded that wheat had medium efficiency in solar energy utilization among the various field crops.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (820K) -
武田 友四郎, 矢島 正晴1975 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 343-349
発行日: 1975/09/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーUntil none, only one light-photosynthesis (gross) curve which was obtaind at an upper, active leaf was adopted in many mathematical models for estimating the total photosynthesis in the plant population. But, it is well-known that the shape of the light curve in individual leaf constituting the canopy shows some variance according to leaf age. Therefore, in order to improve the semiepirical theory for evaluating the total photosynthesis of rice population, some experiments were made on the shapes of the light curves of individual leaves of rice plants grown under artifiicial population. Results were summarized as follows: 1. The rectangular hyperbola Pg=1/(α+βI) could be fitted satisfactorily to every result of photosynthesis (net photosynthesis plus respiration in the dark) in this experiment, over a wide range of radiation intensity I, by determining the parameters α and β with linear regression in each leaf. 2. Initial slope of the light curve (l/α) was almost constant and independent to the light saturated value (P∞=1/β) which changed accrding to leaf age. 3. It was difficult to express the rate of photosynthsis relative to the P∞ of each leaf with one curve. 4. Then, we defined that the actual light saturating rate of photosynthesis (Pmax) was the point where the slope of the light curve was 0.03 mgCO2/dm2/hr/Klx and named this light intensity, Imax. It was found that the relationship between Imax and Pmax was linear. The standardized light curve which was expressed the values relative to Imax and Pmax of each leaf could be approximated well with one curve of rectangular hyperbola from tillering stage to ripening stage. In other words, the shapes of the light curves to Pmax were similar in various leaves of rice stand. 5. Using this similarity, the simple method to obtatin the light curve showed good fitness to the observed values of photosynthesis.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (728K) -
矢島 正晴, 武田 友四郎1975 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 350-356
発行日: 1975/09/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーThe profiles of light intensity and light saturated value of photosynthesis, Pmax, in the rice canopy were observed from tillering stage to ripening stage. Using the parameters obtained from the observation, the theoretical values of dry matter production estimated by the semiempirical model were compared with the values obtained by biomass method. Results were summarized as follows: 1. Light attenuation in the canopy was approximated well using either exponential law (I=I0e-KF) or reciprocal law (I=I0/(1+kF)). Light attenuation cofficient k became larger with growth stage. 2. Pmax decreased with accumulated LAI, F increasing and linear relation was found between Pmax and F. Pmax at the top of the canopy (Pmax, H) and vertical gradient of Pmax in the canopy became smaller after the heading stage. 3. Using the Uchijima's model for estimating the total photosynthesis and dry matter production of rice stand, we found that the theoretical values almost coincided with the values obtained by biomass method. But, assumed that the foliage was constructed with upper active leaves, the theoretical dry matter production was considerably overestimated.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (706K) -
広田 修, 武田 友四郎, 斎藤 吉満1975 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 357-363
発行日: 1975/09/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーMost of studies on the utilization of solar radiation by crop stands have been concerned with the total short wave radiation. As visible radiation is selectively absorbed by green leaves, utilizations of photosynthetically active radiation by crop stands would differ from the utilizations of total short wave radiation by them. In order to clear the point, an equipment for measuring photosynthetically active radiation in crop stands was devised. 1. Fifteen photodiodes (SHARP, SBC-102) were used as photo energy detectors. In order to make sensitivities of each element uniform, their load resistances were regulated by trimming potentiometers (JAPAN RESISTOR CO., 1w). The values of load resistances of each elements adopted were between 8 and 10 ohmes. These silicon photodiodes were connected as series to sum out-put of each element (fig. 3). 2. Heat-absoring glass (OHARA KOGAKU CO., HG) was used to cut off infrared radiation. Its spectral characteristic is shown in fig. 1. 3. Having a linear responsibility between light intensity and out-put under the dim light, photodiodes adopted were shaded by the brass net (40 meshes) sprayed black enamel paint to 1% rate of light penetration. 4. The size of the photo-energy detector is 498×29×38 mm3, and its construction is shown in fig. 4. The load resistor was separated from photo energy detector, because the sensitivity must be adjusted by the load resistance in case of changing with time. 5. Calibration of the equipment were carried out with comparison to photosynthetically active radiometer (TOSHIBA, PSZ-1 type) under natural solar radiation. While the equipment had been set in the crop stands and run from July to November 1974, no sensitivity changes were found throughout the periods (fig. 5). 6. The cosine response of the equipment was improved by milky-white acryl plate(fig. 6).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (684K) -
サマライ S. M., メグレツド F. I.1975 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 364-369
発行日: 1975/09/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーメキシコ系短稈品種のもつ多収性をアラビア系の在来品種に導入するための基礎としてふたつのアラビア系品種すなわちS39 (サウジアラビア品種), Najah (レバノン品種)とひとつのメキシコ系品種すなわちMexi-Pak (パキスタンで育成されたメキシコ系品種)について収量解析を行なつた. おもな結果は次の通りである. 1) 収量においてアラビア系品種はメキシコ系品種に及ばなかつた. 2) アラビア系品種の収量がメキシコ系品種のそれに比べて低いのは, 稔実期の乾物生産が低いこと, ならびに乾物の穂への分配率が低いこと, にもとづく. 3) アラビア系品種で稔実期の乾物生産の低いのはおもにNARが低いためであり, 葉量が少いためではない. 4) アラビア系品種で乾物の穂への分配率が低いのは, 穂の"sink"としての容量が小さいことによると推定される. 以上の結果から, アラビア系品種にメキシコ系品種の多収性を導入しようとする場合, とくに稔実期におけるNARの増大と, 穂のsinkとしての容量を大きくすること, の2点に着目すべきことを結論した.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (585K) -
李 善龍, 雨宮 昭, 田中 市郎1975 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 370-371
発行日: 1975/09/30
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (352K)
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