巻号一覧
26 巻, 3 号
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長谷川 儀一, 大庭 高明1958 年 26 巻 3 号 p. 185-187
発行日: 1958/04/01
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーField exp. of three fertilizer elements treatments of wheat plants (Norin No. 52) were carried (out 1953-56, and N, P, K, Ca & Mg were analysed for leaf analysis. For the diagnosis of the nutritional status of wheat plants it was found suitable to use the leaf blade. Seasonal changes of N, P, K contents in L.B., 1953-55, were shown in Fig 1. The results of the 3 rd year, 1955-56, were omitted because of their similarity to the 2 nd year's results. From all of the 3 years' results 4 of each fertilizer treatments, Fig. 2 was obtained. Comparing the N contents of the four N supplied plots to those of the four non N plots, Fig.3 was gained. There was significant difference of N concentration in L.B. between N supplied plots and non N ones during the whole vegetative growth periods, and despite any combination of NPK fertilizer. Therefore, when the points of M+σ of the non N plots were combined, the critical N concentration curve showing N deficiency was obtained. It may be said that if the N concentration of the L.B. is lower than this curve, the plants are in danger of N deficiency. With P and K, critical concentration curves could be drawn, too (Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7). Ca content of L.B. was recognized to negatively correlate with the K content of L.B., but Mg content had no relation to the fertilizer treatments. By means of critical concentration of each of N, P, K during the whole vegetative growth periods, it may be possible to diagnose whether the plants are deficient in N, P, K or not.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (450K) -
長谷川 儀一, 大庭 高明1958 年 26 巻 3 号 p. 187-189
発行日: 1958/04/01
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーWhen the percentage of N, P or K for the total concentration of N+P+K in L. B., L. S. and I. N. of wheat plants in the Part IV is named N, P & K composition percentage, (for example, N composition percentage is N/(N+P+K)mgm-atom No./100g Dry matter), this composition percentage in the top leaf blade on a given plot is almost constant during the whole vegetative growth periods, and varies characteristically with different fetilizer treatments. The figures are shown in Fig. 1. The composition percentage of NPK plot was almost equal to that of Nil plot, and it maintained normal balance of nutrition, but in the PK plot, N was less, P and K more in the NK plot, P was less, N and K more in the composition percentage as compared with the NPK plot. Thus the NPK composition percentage of top leaf blade reflected well the NPK fertilizer treatments (Fig. 2). Analysis of variance of the NPK composition percentage to the NPK fertilizer elements is shown in Table 2. By examining the NPK composition percentage of top leaf blade, the normal and abnormal status of nutrition as well as the fertilizer elements supplied can be diagnosed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (468K) -
馬場 赳, 高橋 保夫, 稲田 勝美1958 年 26 巻 3 号 p. 190-192
発行日: 1958/04/01
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーChanges in the respiratory rate and activities of cytochrome c oxidase, ascorbic acid oxidase, peroxidase and catalase of leaf blade as affected by the occurrence of the disease were examined using the rice plants cultured by pot experiment method with and without potassium supply, employing the actual paddy field soil on which the disease habitually occurs. Want of potassium caused the disease on lower leaves. Respiratory rate especially that of lower leaf was promoted by the occurrence of the disease and peroxidase and catalase activities were also promoted, but the activities of cytochrome c oxidase and ascorbic acid oxidase declined. These facts indicate that flavin enzymes act as terminal oxidase accompanying with production of H2O2, in place of metalic enzymes such as cytochrome c oxidase and ascorbic acid oxidase. When the ratio of QO2CO2/(QN2CO2) is near to 1 the Pasteur effect exists, and it is said that in such a case thereaction of oxidative phosphorylation might likely be active whereas the increase of this value indicates the decrease of this effect and so the oxidative phosphorylation is supposed to decline. The value QO2CO2/(QN2CO2) of the lower leaf suffered by the disease was as high as two. From these results the promoted respiratory rate due to the occurrence of the disease seems to be accompanied with conversion of terminal oxidase and is supposed to be less efficient for oxidative phosphorylation, on which the further study will be focused.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (468K) -
山口 尚夫, 白鳥 孝治, 波多野 玲子1958 年 26 巻 3 号 p. 193-194
発行日: 1958/04/01
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーH2S-oxydation activity of rice roots, was measured in relation to the varietal differences in Akiochi resistance. The results were as follows: 1) H2S oxydation activities of rice roots varied with concentration of H2S and pH of the culture solultion. 2) It has generally been comprehended that H2S oxydation activities of rice roots are due to Fe+++ ions which exist on the root surface. But, according to the authors' findings some oxydative substances in the root cells seem to take some part in the phenomenon. 3) Among the seedlings, grown under high temperatures, later varieties gave generally stronger value of H2S oxydation activity than earlier ones. But under low temperatures, such a relation was not found. 4) It was found that there are positive correlation between Eh6 of the rice root cell-sap and H2S oxydation activity of the root, and that resistance of the plant against yield-fall (Akiochi) is related with the strength of H2S oxydation activity of rice roots.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (389K) -
松島 省三, 岡部 俊, 和田 源七1958 年 26 巻 3 号 p. 195-196
発行日: 1958/04/01
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーInvestigating the vertical distributions of CO2 concentrations on actual crop-fields, and applying their values to the formula (1) derived from Thornthwaite-Holzman (1942; DSDA Tech. Bul., 817), the authors tried to establish a new method for measuring the rate of carbon assimilation under actual field conditions, and got the results suggesting the method would be a promising one.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (361K) -
猪ノ坂 正之1958 年 26 巻 3 号 p. 197-198
発行日: 1958/04/01
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーThe connection between the vascular strands in the branches on the first order and the vascular strands in the upper leaves of rice plant were investigated. The results were as follows : When radioisotope (P32) solution was given to each upper leaf, the quantity of P32 that moved to the branches on the first order at the same side of the leaf given P32 was larger than that on the opposite side. But this tendency got confused when the period of giving P32 become long. The vascular strands in the branches on the first order connected with the vascular strands in flag leaf directly, and with those of leaves under flag leaf through the ring of peripheral vascular strands.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (384K) -
平野 哲也, 小野寺 守一, 竹村 武雄1958 年 26 巻 3 号 p. 199-202
発行日: 1958/04/01
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーIn the previous findings by the authors, it was shown that the settling ability of lowland nursery seedlings was generally lower than that of upland ones both in early and late transplanting cultures of rice plants. More detailed studies were made on the aspect by the same authors. Rice varieties used for the experiments were; 1) cold resistant varieties, 2) cold region varieties, 3) hot region varieties and 4) growth habit hybrids. And of some of the varieties, the seedlings were dressed with much silicic fertilizers. It was elucidated that, in early transplanting culture of rice plants, being naturally attended by low temperature conditions, the settling of upland nursery seedlings was found generally better than that of irrigated seedlings even in the case when the varieties were of the "hot-region" type. In late transplanting culture, application of abundant silica to the nursery bed was found effective to some extent for prevention of withering of leaf blade, but it did not bring any increase in the weight of dry matter of seedlings in the lowland nursery bed. The delay in the seedling settling at cold regions or at cold water districts and low temperature injuries in rice culture would be considerably prevented by means of early transplanting with upland nursery seedlings.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (697K) -
荒井 正雄, 片岡 孝義1958 年 26 巻 3 号 p. 203-204
発行日: 1958/04/01
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリー1) The structure of weed community was changed with plowing time. The quantity of weeds decreased strikingly as the plowing time was delayed (Fig. 1). The relative intensity of influence of two factors (viable seeds population and emergence percentage) on the population of emergence was varied (Fig. 2). As the plowing is delayed, decrease in emergence percentage becomes more influencial in decreasing weed population, because the emergence percentage is closely related with air temperature (Fig. 3). 2) As the growth and yield of wheat are found to be scarcely effected by the delay of seeding time, it can be an effective method of weed control in wheat and barley cultivation in warm regions to regulate the seeding time according to the weed-density.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (398K) -
山田 登, 太田 保夫1958 年 26 巻 3 号 p. 205-211
発行日: 1958/04/01
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリー水稲根表面には赤褐色の水酸化鉄が被膜状に附着している. 水田土壌内には普通数パーセントの遊離酸化鉄が含まれているが, これが湛水状態の下で二価鉄に還元せられ, 水稲の吸水に伴い水と共に根圏に運ばれ, 根から分泌される酸素によつて根の表面で酸化されると考えられている. しかしその場合, 二価鉄の酸化は単に化学的に行われているのであろうか. よく水洗した水稲の根を一定量とり, 少量の石英砂と 0.2M酢酸緩衝液 (pH 5.5) とを加え, 乳鉢内で暦砕し, ガーゼでしぼり, 遠心分離 (4000 rpm, 10分間) にかけて半透明の上澄液を得る. これを水稲根抽出液とし, これに, FeSO4, あるいはFeCl2 (何れも反応液内の初濃度を1/(200)M以下とす)を加えると, 時間と共に二価鉄が酸化される. 二価鉄の定量法は pH 3.5の酢酸緩衝液に反応液の少量を加え, o-phenanthrolinによつて発色せしめ, 光電比色計によつて比色した. 抽出液の二価鉄酸化能力は水耕せる水稲の根, 水田に生育する水稲の根を問わず, 生育の各期に認められた. 抽出液を10分間煮沸するとその酸化力は30～40%程度に低下する. またKCN や NaN3 (10-3M程度) によつて阻害されるが, 葡萄糖, 蔗糖の添加によつて影響を受けない. 銅酵素の阻害剤である DICA (Na-diethyldithiocarbamate), p-Nitrophenol, Salicylaldoxime 及び 8-Hydroxyquinoline によつては阻害が認められない. 水稲根抽出液はH2O2を添加することなしにp-phenylenediamine, pyrogallol, Hydroquinoneを酸化する能力を持つているが, 抽出液に二価鉄と同時に p-phenylenediamineを加えると, 二価鉄の酸化量は著しく減少を示し, 両物質はcompetitiveな関係にちると考えられる. 二価鉄の酸化に伴い, 酸素が吸収せられるが, その際に吸収された酸素の分子数に対する酸化を受けた二価鉄の分子数の比はおよそ4に近く, 次式の反応に Fe‥-→ F>…< + e 於て, 1/2Oがエレクトロン受容体として用いられることを示している. 幼植物に著しい害徴を起させる高濃度 (1/(40) M程度) の FeSO4を抽出液に加えると, 抽出液による酸化量は減退して, 煮沸抽出液の酸化量と同程度にまで下る. 同時に酸素消費量も減退する. 以上の作用は根に附着する微生物によるものではなくて, 根自身の作用であることは, 根をウスプルンで消毒し, 馬鈴薯寒天培養基上に接種してもはとんどコロニーの発生を見ない (28℃, 24時間後)ものでも以上の酸化能力が見られることから示される. 多量の抽出液をとり, アセトン (80%v/v) で処理して沈澱を乾燥粉末とし, 再び酢酸緩衝液にとかし, 硫安の 0.3～0.8飽和の濃度で塩析せしめ, セロフアンを通して水に対し透析し, 再びアセトン中で沈澱せしめて得た粗標品は, H2O2を加えることなしに, 二価鉄を酸化し得る. 二価鉄の外に p-phenylenediamine や Hydroquinone をも H2O2なしに酸化する. この能力は標品を真空乾燥しておけば少くとも1ヵ年以上保持される. この酵素の本体は更に標品を純化しないと明かではないが, H2O2なしに作用する peroxidaseの一種か, あるいはそれに近いある種の鉄酵素であろうと思われる. いずれにしても, 水稲根のこの作用は水稲根えの鉄の附着, あるいは根くされ抵抗性などと関係をもつていると考えられる.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (733K) -
伊佐山 悦治, 小川 信太郎, 鈴木 清司1958 年 26 巻 3 号 p. 212-214
発行日: 1958/04/01
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリー1. Higher productivity of RIKUDEN than the ordinal paddy field was recognized by the field experiments. In spite of the poor initial growth, rice plants cultivated on the RIKUDEN showed better growth in later stages and produced high yield. The high yield on the RIKUDEN can be accounted for by the following characteristics of the RIKUDEN; high percolation of water through RIKUDEN soil, slight differentiation of plow sole layer, less degradation of soil, higher Eh value of soil during the growing period, high humification degree though three essential elements and humus content were lower, and larger soil volume-weight. On the RIKUDEN the roots of rice plants stretched healthy to deep layer and kept high activity even at the latter growth stage. Moreover, many alive leaves are observed after heading with plants on the RIKUDEN. Suffering from diseases and retardation of growth at latter stage are both few, and the straws were stronger. 2. In pot experiments, where the above mentioned characteristics of the RIKUDEN soil such as the high percolation of water, conditions of subsoil, more supply of nutrients by irrigation water, and larger soil volume-weight were eliminated, the same tendency of growth and yield of rice plants as that of field experiments was obtained. So that the high productivity of the RIKUDEN must be attributable for the genuine property of the surface soil of RIKUDEN, in addition to the above mentioned characteristics of the RIKUDEN field. Application of Bentonite was effective not only in preventing excessive percolation of water but also in increasing the absorption of nutrients such as SiO2, CaO, MgO, and MnO by plants, and resulted in the yield-increase with both kinds of soil.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (509K) -
森本 勇1958 年 26 巻 3 号 p. 215-216
発行日: 1958/04/01
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーThe mean yields of rice crops shown in varietal test conducted in every prefectural Experiment Station of Japan and yields shown in statistics of every prefecture from 1935-55 are calculated and tabled.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (337K) -
吉原 潔, 川鍋 祐夫, 上野 昌彦, 日高 雅子1958 年 26 巻 3 号 p. 217-218
発行日: 1958/04/01
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリー(1) Seasonal distribution of production was examined in three grasses and three legumes for two years. Total yield for two years decreased in the following order, alfalfa and Ladino clover>Italian ryegrass, red clover, orchard grass and mountain bromegrass. Orchard grass and Ladino clover indicated less variation in yearly and seasonal production than the others. (2) Yield and some soil properties of grass plot (G), legume plot (L) and grass-legume mixture (M) were investigated. Plot M produced the highest among them. Orchard grass in M plot contained higher protein content than that in G. Pasture soil can be put in the following order, L>M>G in NO3-N content, G>M>L in soil hardness and L>M>G in velocity of water infiltration into the soil.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (385K) -
山田 豊一1958 年 26 巻 3 号 p. 219-221
発行日: 1958/04/01
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーIn pot culture, not only morphological characters but also wilting degree by drought varied quantitatively in the individuals, especially obviously between leafy and non-leafy types, but not so distinctly between 4x and 8x (Figs. 1 and 2). The close relations were obtained among degree of wilting, soil water content and number of leaves (Fig. 2, 3 and 4), but loose relation existed between wilting degree and transpiratiom amount per leaf, which was not governed by stomata number and size but leaf size (Figs. 5 and 6). Therefore, under limited volume of soil, wilting degree of a plant due to drought, in general, is considered to be determined mainly by number of its leaves, but not by its mean leaf area (c. f. Table 1). On the contrary, the leaty type, A, was superior in drought tolerance to the non-leafy, B, when grown in deep soil (Figs. 7. 8 and Table 2), probably because the former developed its roots so well that abundant water lost from its larger area of transpiration could be sufficiently supplied. From these results, the possbility to breed some new strains tolerating drought is suggested.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (526K) -
近藤 源吉, 福永 雅一, 種田 芳基1958 年 26 巻 3 号 p. 222-223
発行日: 1958/04/01
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーSucceeding summer crops (upland rice, sweet potato, peanut and millet) were cultivated on soils where preceding winter crops (naked barley, wheat, rape and common vetch) had been done on. A better growth of upland rice tended to be recognized when following common vetch than rape, less when following naked barley and wheat than other crops, but no distinct tendencies on yields of rice were recognized, peanut being so. Better growth of sweet potato and millet was recognized when following common vetch than other crops, viz. the order being as follows : common vetch>rape>naked barley>wheat. Sweet potato and millet following common vetch showed the highest yield in these plots. The soil that common vetch had been cultivated on contained more aggregate than the soil that wheat and naked barley had been done on, but after the harvest of succeeding crops this fact in soil structure was not recognized. Common vetch and rape had good influence on succeeding crops, and sweet potato and millet remarkably were influenced by preceding crops. So it is suitable to combine preceding crops that have good influence on succeeding crops with the latter that remarkably are influenced by the former.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (396K) -
近藤 源吉, 福永 雅一, 種田 芳基1958 年 26 巻 3 号 p. 224
発行日: 1958/04/01
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーWe had non-fertilizers and 3 nutrient elements plots in soils that 4 winter cops had been cultivated on, and millet and peanut under these plots were cultivated in pots. The highest growth and dry matter of millet following winter crops, were in the following order : common vetch>rape>naked barley and wheat, in the dry matter of peanut so like. Residual P2O5 and K2O in these soils were more effective on succeeding crops than the N, but generally we recognized a little effect on the crops following wheat and naked barley. The effect of 3 nutrient elements was remerkable on the crops following common vetch and rape, on all crops that of N was so, but on the crops following wheat and naked barley that of P2O5 was a little. As stated above, this test showed the same results as field test, application of N did remerkable effect, and so pot test instead of field test may be able to know the relation of succeeding crops to preceding crops.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (283K) -
児玉 敏夫, 野本 達郎, 渡辺 和之1958 年 26 巻 3 号 p. 225-227
発行日: 1958/04/01
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーFor the purpose of clearing up the suitable cultural conditions for the directly planted sweet potato plant, we compared the growth and yield between direct sowing and transplanting cultivation under several cultural conditions. The results were as follows; 1) Water content of soil; the smaller the water content of soil the larger the ratio of yield in top and root of directly sown plants to that of transplanted ones. 2) Kind of soil; we used 4 kinds of soils, that in black coloured volcanic ash soil rich in humus, brown coloured volcanic ash soil, alluvial clayey soil and sandy soil. The yield of roots of directly sown plants were larger than that of control in sandy soil and brown coloured volcanic ash soil, but on the contrary reversed in black coloured volcanic ash soil and aleuvial clayey soil. The former two soils contained much air porosity as compared with latter ones in wet conditions. At the directly sowing cultivation, air porosity of soil had a tendency to be on the decrease as cornpared with control at growing period, because it needed about 40 days before sprouting and soil loosened by ridging became compact at sprouting time. So such a soil which had a tendency to decrease the air porosity at wet conditions was not suitable for directly sowing cultivation. 3) Elevation of the field; the yield of roots of plant sown directly was larger than that of control on higher ground.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (489K) -
相見 霊三, 昆野 昭晨1958 年 26 巻 3 号 p. 228-230
発行日: 1958/04/01
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリー稲種実を登熟期間中一定日毎に採取し, 胚乳, 果皮, 胚の三部分に分けてそれらに含まれる各種憐酸化合物を分劃定量した. 胚乳では茎葉から転流して来る無機憐は初期には一部はフィチン, PNA, DNA, 蛋白態燐等になり, 他の部分はその儘無機態としてとどまる. この状態は開花後18日頃迄続き, 之等の化合物と共に多量の無機燐を増加する. その後一部はなお PNA, 蛋白態燐に変るが, 大部分はフィチン態となり, 茎葉から来る量以上の燐を有機化する. この為無機燐は減少して行き, 完熟期には大部分の無機燐がフィチン態となる. 尚ここのフィチン態は胚乳の中心部よりも周辺部の方が濃度が高い様であつた. 果皮及び胚では無機燐のフィチン態への変化は胚乳の場合よりも早い時期から行われ, 極めて高濃度のフィチン態燐を蓄積する. g-1-pは極めて少なく, Pi : g-1-pの比率は非常に高かった. 之は一見フォスフォリラーゼによる澱粉合成に不適当な条件と思われるが, 之については酵素の働く場や其他の条件を考慮して更に検討する必要がある.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (460K) -
佐々木 喬1958 年 26 巻 3 号 p. 231-232
発行日: 1958/04/01
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリー(1) Seven years of rich harvests of lowland-rice crops per Tan, 1887, 1890, 1898, 1904, 1914, 1920, 1933 and seven years of lean harvests, 1884, 1897, 1902, 1905, 1931, 1934, 1935, were taken out mathematically from sixty years 1880∼1930. (2) In the lunar calendar, one month more is added to twelve months, in seven years during nineteen years, to adjust it to the solar calendar. It is called an intercalary month, in the lunar calendar. The year of the solar calendar, which may comprise such an intercalary month as mentioned, is named the year of an intercalary month, by the author. They are as follows : 1881, 1884, 1887, 1890, 1892, 1895, 1898, 1900, 1903, 1906, 1909, 1912, 1914, 1917, 1919, 1922, 1925, 1928, 1930, 1933, 1936, 1938. (3) Comparing (1) with (2), following relations are seen. Rich harvests in lowland-rice crops per Tan occur more frequently in years of an intercalary month. Years of no intercalary month, have more chances of lean harvests.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (364K)
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