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25 巻, 3 号
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藤井 義典, 田中 典幸1957 年 25 巻 3 号 p. 131-132
発行日: 1957/04/01
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーWe are investigating the differences in physiological properties of seedlings of rice varieties differing in their time of maturation. In our previous studies on the respiration of root of rice seedlings, the superiority of root activity of late maturing varieties over that of early maturing varieties was recognized. In this experiment the difference in the guttation and bleeding of seedlings of various varieties were examined. 1. The guttation increased in parallel with the lateness of varieties, i. e. late maturihg varieties showed always greater amount than earlier ones. The rate of guttation was as follows: in early maturing varieties, 100; in the medium, 121.1 and in the late, 159.8. 2. When rice seedlings were cultured in different concentrations of distilled water solution of sucrose, we confirmed that the guttation of early maturing varieties was always inferior to that of the late ones. Therefore the osmotic pressure of the roots of earlier maturing varieties seemed to be lower than that of late ones. 3. In bleeding also we could perceive the same tendency as in guttation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (384K) -
村田 吉男, 長田 夫, 猪山 純一郎, 山田 登1957 年 25 巻 3 号 p. 133-137
発行日: 1957/04/01
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーどの生育段階でも, 水稲の圃場同化作用の大いさを支配する第一の因子は光の強さであるが(前報), 光の強さが同じ場合の圃場同化能力は, 生育時期や栽培時期により大きな変化を示す. 本報では, このような圃場同化能力の変化がどんな因子によって支配されるかを解析し, その解析を通じて圃場同化能力の構成因子を明かにし, 更にそれらの因子の時期的な変化及びそれと体内諸条件との関連を明かにした. すなわち, (1) 水稲の単位圃場面積当りの同化能力は, 早播, 晩播に拘わらず最高分けつ期過ぎから出穂直前までの間に最高値を示す. (2) この圃場同化能力は, 受光能率(f)と, 総葉面積(A)と, 単位葉面積当りの各葉の平均同化能力(po)との三つの因子の積, Afpoによって表わすことが出来るが, このうちfはAと一定の函数関係をもつことが分ったので, 結局, 圃場同化能力はA及びpoを独立変数とする一つの函数を以て近似的に表わすことが出来る. (3) 二つの構成因子のうち, (イ)総葉面積は栽培時期の如何に拘わらず出穂期頃に最大となり, (ロ) 単位同化能力は生育の初めに高く以後漸減するが, その変化は生育の初期には葉内の乾物及び蛋白態含量と, その後は水分, 蛋白態N, K及び葉緑素含量の何れとも密接な正の相関を示す.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (529K) -
穗積 清之, [イガ]崎 健1957 年 25 巻 3 号 p. 138
発行日: 1957/04/01
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーThe favorable medium for the artificial germination of pollen were studied, five varieties of barley plants being used. Concentrations of both potato starch and sucrose in the media were mainly examined. The main results were as follows :- The pollens were taken from fresh cut ears of field plants. Supply of water drop into the van Tieghem cell showed always higher percentage of germination than those without added water. The media containing potato starch in 5, 8, 10, 12, and 15 % and sucrose in 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 % were prepared. The favorable concentrations were 5∼15 % of potato starch, each bontaining 10∼20 % sucrose. The highest germination percentage (83.7) was found in 10 % potato starch-15 % sucrose medium. The another test in which pollens were taken from plants dug out of field was conducted in comparison with the tests mentioned above. The avbrage percentage of germination was 75.2 % in the former tests and 71.4 % in the latter, but the difference was not significant.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (350K) -
馬場 赳1957 年 25 巻 3 号 p. 139-140
発行日: 1957/04/01
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーSilica concentration in exudation sap ranged from 400 ppm to 800 ppm and that in guttation sap from 100 ppm to 300 ppm and silica concentration in guttation sap increased with the concentration of silica in culture solution to a certain level (Fig. 1). And silica concentration in exudation and guttation sap was higher in the plant grown with stable manure which contains much silica than in the plant grown with mineral fertilizer or green manure. Both addition of H2S to the solution and heavy application of ammonium sulphate to the soil induced root injury and led to retardation in exudation and guttation, and also to decrease in the amount of silica in these saps (Fig. 2). From these results it is suggested that silica concentration in the exudation and guttation saps has a close relationship with the concentration of available silica in culture media or soil solution. It is also suggested that both the ability for exudation and guttation, and the amount of silica in these saps can be utilized as measures to diagnose the root activity.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (401K) -
松島 省三, 角田 公正1957 年 25 巻 3 号 p. 141-142
発行日: 1957/04/01
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーAfter finding out the high correlation coefficient between the number of spikelets on a panicle and the thickness of the first elongated inter-node at the base of the culm, the authors have traced up the growing process in thickness of the first elongated inter-node, ascertaining its growth atains a maximum at the stage of spikelet primordium differentiation. Basing upon these facts, a valuable and interesting method has been found out to forecast the number of spikelets per panicle.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (393K) -
桑田 武夫1957 年 25 巻 3 号 p. 143-144
発行日: 1957/04/01
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーIn consequence of the experiments on brown rice of different physico-chemical rquality stored for the period from January to October at 14 places different in climatic conditions in Japan, the following equilibrium relationship was found between the average relative humidity (f) during storage and the moisture-content (c) in brown rice determined immediately before storing. c=5.05+0.13 f where 60 % < f < 82 % In order to improve the delivery of brown rice, further accurate and minute studies as the above, are necessarye.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (387K) -
鎌田 悦男1957 年 25 巻 3 号 p. 145-146
発行日: 1957/04/01
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーThis experiment has been carried out in order to clarify the effects of nitrogen supply on soybean plants to nodule formation. Particular attention is given to the mechanisum of inhibition on nodule formation by nitrogen over supply. 1) The nodule formation was inhibited with an accompanying increase of nitrogen supply and it indicated on nodule numbers and nodule weight per plant during the growing period. 2) Different nitrogen, levels in host tissues and culture media have no effect to activety and the penetration of Rhizobium japonicum (Table. I). 3) The nitorgen over supply induced higher concentration of total nitrogen and lower concentration of total suger and reducing suger in soybean root. Auther conclude that the reducing suger levels of host tissues control the nodule formation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (444K) -
児玉 敏夫, 野本 達郎, 渡辺 和之1957 年 25 巻 3 号 p. 147-148
発行日: 1957/04/01
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーThe growth process of sweet potato plants grown directly from seed tubers were studied, comparing with that of plants growh from transplanted sprouts. The results obtained were as follows. In the directly planted plots seed tubers which were planted on the 20 th of April sprouted 20 days after planting and plants emerged on the ground 30 days after planting. Weight of seed tuber was gradually decreased up to late in June, but after that it increased, namely seed tubers thickend themselves into big anomalous tubers. Not only one of the roots developed from the seed tubers but also some plants of the roots grown from the stem became tuberous roots. Both of top and underground parts of plants in directly planted plants grew more rapidly than those of transplanted plants during the early stage of growth.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (411K) -
茶村 修吾1957 年 25 巻 3 号 p. 149-150
発行日: 1957/04/01
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリー1. Sections of rice, wheat and mint plants were soaked in acidic buffer solutions containing some different cations. It was found that the solutions containing cations kept their pH, not to decrease highly and the less its hydration was, the more largely it was influenced. 2. In the mint rhyzome, the absorption of free acid did not decrease by addition of cations, but the cations of smaller hydration were absorbed more easily, and their respirations also did not decrease. It was confirmed that the pH value depended also on the respiration. 3. In comparing among various crop plants, the more easily its pH decreased, the more easily its respiration decreased. Sometimes judging from the grade of acid-resisting ability, pH valuet seemed to be influenced more largely than Al in some crop plants.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (408K) -
村岡 洋三, 大堀 和信1957 年 25 巻 3 号 p. 151-153
発行日: 1957/04/01
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリー1. Six varieties of tobacco plants were cultured under controlled thermal and photoperiodic conditions, and their developmental responces were compared. 2. The responces of most varieties without "Okinawa" were accerelated in short day (8 hrs.) especially under 18°C, but varietal differences were shown obviously both with degrees and states of their responces. 3. It is necessary to perform further studies to recognize those facts that no responce was shown with "Okinawa" under every condition and "Xanthi" having been classified as day-neutral tobacco showed remarkable acceleration of their development with short day treatment.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (456K) -
小倉 忠治1957 年 25 巻 3 号 p. 154-156
発行日: 1957/04/01
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーThe auther has recognized that upland rice plants are characterized to lowland rice plants for diameter of central cylinder, diameter of central cylinder / diameter of root-ratio, number of proto-xylem, diameter and number of great meta-xylem, development of sclerenchyma cell in hypoderm, endodermis and central cylinder, and of intercellular space in cortex.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (556K) -
星川 清親1957 年 25 巻 3 号 p. 157-158
発行日: 1957/04/01
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーThe stripping emulsiom method was tried in order to make the microautoradiograph of the tissue of higher plants. Seminal roots of young corn plants, treated with the solution of H3P32O4 10 microcurries/cc (carrier free) for 18 hours, were made into vertical sections and covered with 1 % celloidin. In a dark room, the stripping emulsion method was tried by using Fuji autoradiographic plate ET-2E, and exposed to β-ray during 16-25 days in a light tight box. At the end of the exposure period, the slides were subjected to photographic development and fixation. There were some possibilities of the loss of radioisotope and also removing during the wet procedure. These losses generally occured to a great extent by the reaction of alcohol, ether and acids. For the prevention of these disadvantages, the fixation and dehydration should be omitted and histological sections should be made by a hand sliding microtome or a freezing microtome. For the same reasons, the staining of the sections should also be omitted. The microscopic photographs obtained from the completed slides, were shown in Fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (593K) -
佐藤 孝夫, 平島 千之1957 年 25 巻 3 号 p. 159-160
発行日: 1957/04/01
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーExperiments were carried out in 1952, 1953 and 1955 to elucidate relations between stamping and pruning of blades of wheat before a hard winter and the growth and yield of wheat, at elevation of 1, 300 meters. The results obtained were as fellows: 1. Twice or three times stamping of wheat before a hard winter promoted the emergence of tillers and increased dry weight percentage, total sugar content, amount of roots and cold resistance. Moreover it lessend decrease of sugar content after winter, and it incfeased the yield by 10 % compared with the no stamped wheat. But there were not such differences in warm winter as cold winter. And the six times stamping was injurious to the growth and yield of wheat. 2. Pruning of blades not only stoped development of tillers and growth of roots but also it decreased dry weight, sugar content and cold resistance. Nevertheless at early spring, sugar content of pruned wheat were more than that of no pruned. Pruned wheat yielded less and beared small grains. These differences were diminished concerning cold resistant varieties and when it was not so cold in winter.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (387K) -
田崎 順郎1957 年 25 巻 3 号 p. 161-162
発行日: 1957/04/01
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーThis study was undertaken to determine the normal course from the differentiation of flower buds to their flowering in Azuki-beans. External and microscopical observations were made with their development. 10 distinguished stages are given as follows : 1) Formation of a plateau in the apical cells. 28 days before flowcring. Fig. 1, photo. 1. 2) Inflorescence primordial differentiation. 23 days before. 3) Single flower bud differentiation. 21 days before, Photo. 2. 4) Sepal and petal differentiation, 18 days before. Photo. 3. 5) Flower parts formation. 15 days before. Photo. 4, 5, 6 6) P. M. C. and embryosac mother cell formation. 11 bays before. Photo. 7. 7) Reproductive division in P. M. C. and E. S. M. C., 9 days before. Photo. 8, 9. 8) Rapid development of flower parts. 6 days before. 9) Completion of all flower parts. 2 days before. Photo. 10 10) Flowering.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (808K) -
浦野 啓司, 坂口 進, 田中 悌1957 年 25 巻 3 号 p. 163-164
発行日: 1957/04/01
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーDifferentiation of ear may vary more or less with the environmental condition. On choko-No. 202, following facts were ascertained. 1) The shoot of the corn plant passes through two stages in its differentiation sequence. During the first stage, axillary shoots became larger in succession from the apex to the base of the stem. During the second stage, the order in size changes, so that the topmost shoot is the largest and shoots become smaller at the base than the top of the plant. On 42 days after planting fits change was found. 2) In the early stage of stem development, a shoot is produced in the axil of each leaf but at a later stage of development, axillary shoots are no longer produced. The cessation of axillary shoot development seems to be associated with tho elongation of the internodes of the stem and the development of the tassel. In early stage of shoot development, the axillary shoots differentiate at the lower node but in later the topmost shoot is the largest and these shoots formed at the base of the stem may remain nonfunctional or develop in to sackers. 3) On 44 dags after planting, spikelet initial differentiate. When the growing point of the axillary shoot elongates and the spikelet on the central axis was differentiates, we recognized ear dlifferentiation. 4) It is considered important in corn culture to acertain the period of ear dfferentiatiation and the sige of each axillary shoot.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (452K) -
山田 登, 太田 保夫1957 年 25 巻 3 号 p. 165-168
発行日: 1957/04/01
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリー苗代の水分, 窒素施用量, 光条件等を異にする24の試験区で苗を育て, その生理的特性を比較した(40日苗). 畑苗は水苗に較べて体内窒素含量が著しく高く, しかもその高窒素含量の下で多量の澱粉を含有していることが大きな特長である. 水稲苗の発根力は体内窒素含量が高く, 他方澱粉含量の高い場合に大となるが, 畑苗はこの体内条件を具備し, 水苗に比し発根力が高い. 苗の呼吸量(乾物量当りは水苗より少ない. 畑苗は窒素含量が高いにも拘らず呼吸量が低いのは蛋白の多くの部分が貯蔵態蛋白であることを示している. 畑苗の冠水抵抗性は水苗より高い. 呼吸基質としての炭水化物の量及び呼吸量から期待されるよりも一段と高い抵抗性を示すが, これは貯蔵蛋白が動員されるからである. 苗の地上部乾物重/草丈の比は体内窒素化合物+全糖+澱粉含量とある程度の相関を示すが, 後者は苗の内容充実度を表わすものであり, 苗の硬さは細胞膜の問題よりもむしろ細胞内容物の充実程度によると考えられる.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (540K) -
柴田 昌英, 志賀 敏夫, 酒井 豊1957 年 25 巻 3 号 p. 169-172
発行日: 1957/04/01
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーInvestigation has been carried out on the effect of provisional transplanting of rape seedlings in the nursery bed since 1949. Their results may be summerized as follows. (1) The growth of the provisionally transplanted seedlings in the nursery bed was discouraging and that of its seedlings also was small in size. Accordingly the fresh weight of the aerial part of the seedlings was low. The growth of the aerial portion of the plants after transplanting in the main field was also not satisfactory. Flower bud differentiation and both flowering and maturing were delayed and the yield was also relatively low. (2) Most of the roots had been damaged by provisional transplanting in the nursery bed. Though the rest roots grew up rapidly and vigorously, the growth of the tap-root stopped and it remained short. So that the roots then developed shallow root system which had fine roots around the short tap-root. The stele of root was remarkably lignified, and fine roots were apt to get damaged when seedlings were pulled up from the nursery bed. The increase of roots weve lower in comparison to control seedlings, because of the poor development of new roots. (3) The provisionally transplanted seedlings could take roots quickly after setting in the main field. But the absolute number of leaves were fewer, as a result of which sound leaves were less in number. (4) At any kinds of spacing in the nursery bed, the provisionally transplanted seedlings could not become large, but the growth of the seedlings was uniform. On the contrary, the controlled seedlings were able to get large, but their growth was not uniform. (5) Close correlation could be found between the fresh weight of seedlings and the yield, but on the other hand there was less correlation between the ratio of pith length to the width and the yield.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (670K) -
川田 信一郎1957 年 25 巻 3 号 p. 173-174
発行日: 1957/04/01
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーSince 1952, in our raboratory, culturing of the stem tips of some cultivated plants has been carried out so as to clear up physiological mechanism of their flower bud initiation and recently the author succeeded in flowering of rice and wheat plants. The plants used in this experiment were as follows; Glycine max Mer., Phaseolus vulgaris L., Helianthus tuberosus L., Ipomoea Batatas Lam., Xanthium Stramarium L., Helianthus annuus L., Rubus hirstus Thunb., Solanum tuberosum L., Lycoperiscum esculentum Mill., Dioscorea japonica Thunb., Cucurbita pepo L., Cosmos bipinnutus Cav., Callistephus chinensis Ness., Hydrangea Hortensis DC., Zea Mays L., Asparagus officinalis L., Oryza sativa L., Triticum vulgare Vill., Purunus yedoensis Matsum., Rhododendron serhyllifolium Miq., Morus alba L., Purunus serotina Rehd. The stem tips were cut from seedlings or plants under sterile condition and transplanted to the tubes which contained the following medium; The composition of mineral salts in the nutrient solution was essentially the same as that used by White and Bonner. The stem tips of Asparagus off icinalis L., Cosmos bipinnutus Cav., Rubus hirstus Thunb. and Glycine max Mer. developed during a period from one to five months without flower bud initiation. Eapecially the stem tips of rice and wheat plants developed and produced plantlets which were consisted of stems, leaves and adventitious roots. At about 80 days after the first transplanting, the plantlets of them showed the heading and bloomed without fruiting.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (512K) -
児玉 敏夫, 野本 達郎, 渡辺 和之1957 年 25 巻 3 号 p. 175-177
発行日: 1957/04/01
公開日: 2008/02/14
ジャーナル フリーGrowth process of directly planted sweet potato plant was examined from the physiological and internal morphological points of view. Seed potato directly planted in the field thickened itself into anomalous potato. Newly active cambium occured just on the outside of the old primary cambium in the seed potato at 40th day after plantating and produced a large number of cells. In the case of small thickness of seed patato, activity of the cambium was not great and lignification of cell wall progressed. Total nitrogen content of seed tuber gradually decreased as the spronts grew up until 80th day after plantating but after that time increased. Soluble nitrogen contents increased till 40th day and decreased till 80th day, on the other hand non-soluble nitrogen contents decreased till 40th day and increased a little after that time. The tendency of activity of β-amylase rather resembled to that of soluble nitrogen content.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (630K)
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