Journal of the Japan Diabetes Society
Online ISSN : 1881-588X
Print ISSN : 0021-437X
ISSN-L : 0021-437X
Volume 19, Issue 1
Displaying 1-22 of 22 articles from this issue
  • Yutaka Mibayashi, Susumu Miyamoto, Masayuki Oota, Junji Koizumi, Toshi ...
    1976 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 1-8
    Published: January 31, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Effects of intravenous infusion of fructose (0.5g/kg. BW/hr for 2 hrs.) upon the serum triglyceride and free fatty acid levels were examined in 9 normal and 8 obese subjects with fatty livers.
    The fasting serum triglyceride level of obese subjects (190.1±18.3mg/dl) was significantly higher than that of normal subjects (104.0±7.9mg/d/)(p<0.001). After fructose infusion, normal subjects showed the maximal decrement of the serum triglyceride level at 90 min and did not return to the initial value even at 240 min. While the serum triglyceride level of obese subjects showed a nadir at 60 min and then rose above initial value at 180 and 240 min, the increment of the serum triglyceride above the initial value was higher in obese subjects than in normal subjects at 180 (p<0.05) and 240 min (p<0.02).
    The fasting serum free fatty acid level of obese subjects (1222.9±113.8 pEq/L) was significantly higher than that of normal subjects (687.1±102.9μEq/L)(p<0.01). The absolute decrement of serum free fatty acid above the initial value after fructose infusion was cbout the same in both groups, and the nadir of the serum free fatty acid level occurred at 120 min in both groups.
    No significant alterations in blood glucose and plasma IRI level were observed in both groups during the 4 hrs after intravenous fructose load. The results suggested that:(1) insulin did not play an important role in lowering serum free fatty acid and triglyceride levels by intravenous fructose administration in normal and obese subjects, and (2) in obese subjects with fatty liver the intravenous fructose infusion induced more triglyceride release from the liver than from in normal subjects atalate astage. J. Japan Diab. Soc. 19 (1) 1976.
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  • Toshiaki Mano, Misao Owada, Tomohiko Kojima, Teruo Kitagawa, Kuniaki Y ...
    1976 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 9-21
    Published: January 31, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
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    In order to screen for asymptomatic kidney disease, the first morning urine specimens obtained in the morning were collected from over 220, 000 school children in Tokyo prefecture. These urine specimens were also tested for asymptomatic diabetes. The percentage of positive glucosuria in junior high school pupils (0.25%, 159/63130) was higher than in elementary school pupils (0.12%, 188/157492). All children whose first specimen showed a positive glucosuria were recalled and a further specimen was collected. Forty of 177 pupils in elementary school and 48 of 149 pupils in junior high school in whom the second specimen contained significant glucose were referred to the hospital clinic. In 74 of 88 pupils with persistent glucosuria, tolerance to glucose was investigated by giving 50g of glucose after an overnight fast. Blood samples were drawn at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min. during the oral glucose tolerance test and analyzed for sugar by the Somogyi-Nelson method. Of the 74 children, 44 had entirely normal glucose responses to oral glucose administration while 9 (5 pupils in elementary school and 4 in junior high school) were diabetic by the United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria. Three subjects were classified as diabetes suspects according this criteria. In our screening program the incidence of asymptomatic diabetes in school children was approximately 0.052%.
    Urinary glucose screening of school children has been felt to be an unsound practice because children with chemical diabetes mellitus will not have glucosuria, and those destined to develop overt diabetes over the next year would largely be missed. Chemical diabetes must be screened by the test for glucosuria one hour following an oral glucose load. According to this procedure, most glucosuria discovered will be non-diabetic and the cost yield ratio might be extremely high.
    There can be, however, no argument that early detection of overt diabetes before the development of severe ketoacidosis makes for easier entry into a control program. A child with asymptomatic overt diabetes must be detected by the glucose test on first urine specimen obtained in the morning which had accumulated in the bladder from 3 to 12 hours following the last meal. It is now clear that our multiphasic urine screening tests for asymptomatic diabetes mellitus and kidney diseases in school children are most feasible, effective and economical.
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  • Susumu Miyamoto, Junji Koizumi, Masayuki Ota, Shiro Yamada, Toru Inoue ...
    1976 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 22-29
    Published: January 31, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
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    Responses of serum C-peptide immunoreactivity (CPR) and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) during 50g oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were compared among healthy subjects, obese subjects, adult-onset insulin-treated diabetics and juvenile-onset insulin-treated diabetics.
    The radioimmunoassay method of CPR was investigated by the double antibody technique of Kaneko. During 50g OGTT, the fasting serum CPR in healthy subjects was 2.67±0. llng/m/(741±31×10-12M) and reached a peak, 7.07±0.24ng/ml (1963±7-10-12M), at 60 min. The serum IRI peaked at 30 min. The molar C-peptide concentration was higher than insulin. The fasting molar CPR: IRI ratio was 6.2, and following glucose, the ratio appeared to decline. The nadir of the ratio occured after thirty minutes with a gradual return toward the fasting level by the end of the test. From the previous in vitro studies by others, that insulin and C-peptide are secreted in equimolar concentration, these findings suggest that the metabolic organ of insulin is different from that of C-peptide.
    The serum CPR in obese subjects was significantly higher than in healthy subjects at 0 min., 90 min. and 180 min., and molar CPR: IRI ratios before and after glucose loading were similar to those in the healthy subjects. The significant correlation between CPR and IRI could be found in the healthy and obese subjects (r=0.7983). These results confirmed that the insulin secretory capacity of the pancreatic β-cell can be assessed by CPR response.
    In the adult-onset insulin-treated diabetics, IRI could not be measured because of the presence of circulating insulin antibodies. The CPR in these diabetics showed a small response, reaching a peak at 90 min. In contrast, the CPR levels in juvenil-onset insulin-treated diabetics who recovered from diabetic ketoacidosis remained lower than those in the adult-onset insulin-treated diabetics at all times. From these results, it seems that the insulin secretory capacity is retained in most of the insulin-treated diabetics. The C-peptide radioimmunoassay seems to be useful in evaluating the clinical course and therapeutic procedures in the treatment of diabetics.
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  • Akira KAWAGUCHI
    1976 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 30-41
    Published: January 31, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
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    The effects of glucose metabolism on insulin secretion have been investigated with rat pancreatic islets which were prepared by Lacy and Costianovsky's method.
    The results were obtained as follows:
    1. Effect of inhibitors of glycolysis and TCA cycle on glucose induced insulin release was as follows:
    a) Glucose-induced insulin release significantly decreased when glucose and 2-deoxyglucose were present in equal concentration.
    b) 1mM iodoacetate inhibited markedly insulin release induced by 16.7 mM glucose and the inhibition was significantly removed by addition of 10mM pyruvic acid though the insulin secretion was not completely recovered to its previous level.
    c) 10mM malonic acid reduced remarkably insulin secretion even in high glucose concentration (16.7mM).
    2. Effect of inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation on glucose-induced insulin release was as follows:
    a) The stimulating effect of glucose in a high concentration (16.7mM) was lost under 95% N2-5% CO2 gassing and its inhibitory effect was not repaired by addition of 200μg/mli tolbutamide, 250μg/ml theophylline, and 0.1, 0.5 or 1.0mM db-cAMP.
    b) 2, 4 dinitrophenol did not diminish insulin release in a low glucose concentration (3.3mM), but inhibited it remarkably in a high glucose concentration (16.7mM).
    3. 1 or 10mM ATP did not effect insulin release induced by 3.3 or 16.7mM glucose in vitro.
    4. Relationship between insulin secretion and ATP concent in B cell was as follows:
    a) 1 or 10mM adenosine significantly stimulated insulin release, and increased ATP content in rat pancreatic islets.
    b) Insulin secretion and islet ATP contcent increased in parallel when the glucose concentration was elevated from 0 to 27.8mM.
    c) Inhibition of insulin release by 10mM malonic acid was significantly reduced by addition of 1 mM adenosine, but at that time, dissociation between insulin secretion and islet ATP content was recognized.
    These observations suggest that glycolysis and the TCA cycle, namely respiratory chain phosphorylation and perhaps ATP are involved in insulin release induced by glucose stimulation: that ATP contents in the islet of Langerhans are composed of several compartments in special reference to the physiological function, at least one of them having a relation to glucose-induced insulin release, and that the increment of ATP content in the islet is involved in the second phase rather than in the first of insulin release by glucose stimulation.
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  • Toshiaki Mano, Tomohiko Kojima, Teruo Kitagawa
    1976 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 42-52
    Published: January 31, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
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    The carbohydrate metabolism was studied in 6 of 9 school children with asymptomatic diabetes detected by the multiphasic urine screening program which tested more than 220, 000 pupils in 1974. Two diabetic children, aged 15 years and with weights 122-204% standard weight, were classified as group A. Four children, aged 6-13 years and with weights 76-100% standard weight, were classified as group B.
    The oral 50g glucose tolerance test and the 20mg/kg tolbutamide tolerance test were performed; venous blood being obtained at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 minuted for estimation of blood glucose and plasma insulin. In addition to these tests, the 0.1 u/kg regular insulin tolerance test was performed; blood samples being obtained at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes for estimation of blood glucose and plasma growth hormone.
    In the diabetic children of group A and B, the insulin responses to glucose were subnormal, but a slight decrease in blood glucose level associated with a 2.0 to 2.5 fold increase in plasma insulin level during the intravenous tolbutamide load was observed in group A. Blood glucose during the insulin sensitivity test fell to 15-36 per cent of the fasting level in group B, while it fell to only 60-65 per cent of the fasting level in group A. Serum cholesterol, but not serum triglyceride was significantly higher in 3 of 4 children in group B, while serum triglyceride and pre-beta lipoprotein were elevated in all children of group A. Six patients with asymptomatic diabetes have been followed for 12 months. Only one patient, aged 9, in group B has developed insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, but the insulin response in the other patients of group B has not deteriorated over the 12 month period. In the patients of group A. significant insulin responses to glucose were observed after the treatment of obesity with diet. Normal glucose tolerance was obtained in one of the obese diabetic children after the treatment.
    It has been reported that the course of diabetes in children is characterized by a rapid and progressive decrease in insulin reserves. However, from our results, it was recognized that the carbohydrate intolerance of asymptomatic diabetes mellitus in school children may show little or no progression in severity over several months. Such a slow progression of asymptomatic diabetes in many children suggests that mass-screening in school children is e ffective in the detection of diabetes and consideration of prophylactic measures may be possible.
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  • Takashi Kembo, Yukimasa Hirata
    1976 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 53-62
    Published: January 31, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
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    In 6 patients with insulin autoimmune sy ndrome (IAS), classes of immunoglobulins and types of their light chains were studied by radioimmunoelectrophoresis, Christiansen's method and specific precipitation. Two of 6 patients had been treated with thiamazole because of association with Graves' disease, and developed hypoglycemia caused by autoimmunity to insulin. Another 4 showed hypoglycemic attacks without Graves' disease. For the control study, serum samples were obtained from 13 diabetics treated with insulin.
    The results obtained are as follows:
    Classes of immunoglobulins: Anti-insulin antibodies were found to be only in immunoglobulin G (IgG) both in patients with IAS and diabetics treated with insulin by radioimmunoelectrophoresis and specific precicipitation. By Christiansen's method, however, besides IgG, the antibodies were detected in IgM in 2 insulin-treated diabetics.
    Types of light chains of immunoglobulins: Insuln-treated diabetics showed both K-and L-types of light chains by radioimmuno electtophoresis and specific precipitation. In 3 patients among 6 with IAS, the serum samples were obtained shortly after onset of hypoglycemic attack. In these 3 patients, a minimal amount of the L-type was found by specific precipitation besides the K-type. Therefore, the ratio of K to L-type (K/L) was much higher in these 3 patients than in the diabetics treated with insulin. Regarding the remaining 3 with IAS, only K-type was present.
    As a conclusion, one of the structual differences of antibodies to insulin was observed in the light ckains of the immunoglobulins between the patients with IAS and those treated with insulin.
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  • Yasuaki Fukumoto, Kikuo Ichihara, Seiichiro Tarui
    1976 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 63-69
    Published: January 31, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
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    It is not infrequently observed that the insulin dose required for the control of diabetes is markedly reduced in the course of insulin therapy. It might be due to either the reduction in insulin antagonists, or the augmentation of endogenous insulin secretion. The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the influence of insulin treatment on the insulin secretory capacity of diabetic patients.
    Seven adult-onset diabetic subjects, not having been treated with insulin, were studied. Their FBS values were over 220mg % and they had no other diseases which might affect carbohydrate metabolism. To these patients, MC lente insulin (Monotard, Novo) was administered until their diabetic metabolism was controlled. The periods of insulin therapy varied from 14 to 32 days, After these periods, the serum 125I-insulin binding rate of the patients did not show a significant increase.
    The observation of the diurnal cycles in the blood glucose and IRI levels and 100g OGTT were performed before therapy and on the third and fourth day after the withdrawal of insulin injections after control was achieved. IRI responses to the three daily meals which had been found almost absent or very low before therapy, were significantly ameliorated. The total integrated IRI area in its diurnal cycle was increased from 98.9±23.7 to 186.1±37.7μh/m/(p<0.05). In 100g OGTT, the lowered blood sugar levels and increased IRI responses were demonstrated after therapy in a similar manner to those of the diurnal cycles. However, IRI responses to meals or glucose loadings were not markedly ameliorated after insulin t' erapy in cases with diabetes of a long duration.
    It is concluded that endogenous insulin secretion could be increased in diabetic patients by metabolic control with exogenous insulin injections so long as the insulin secretory capacity is at least partially preserved.
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  • Katsunori Inagaki, Kazuhiko Himuro, Kunio Suzuki, Takeshi Bando, Akira ...
    1976 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 70-76
    Published: January 31, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
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    A 15 year-old female patient was admitted to the hospital on February 19, 1974 because of glycosuria associated with general malaise thirst, polyuria and visual impairment.
    Her childhood physical and mental development were retarded, although she was born full term without complication. At the age of 6, she developed obesity. At the age of 10, she was transferred into a special class due to retarded intelligence. She also started to complain of visual impairment. She received urinalysis by chance at thet age of 11, resulting in negative glycosuria. Her menarche was at the age of 14, but subsequent menstruation has been quite irregular.
    On January 28, 1974 she developed swelling and tenderness in the right cheek associated with a fever of 38°C and a diagnosis of mumps was made. During the course of convalescence urinalysis showed glycosuria. In mid-February, she noted thirst and polyuria associated with general malaise and entered the hospital on February 19, 1974.
    On examination her height was 142cm and body weight was 48.5kg. Intelligence was retarded and I. Q. was 37. Visual acuity was impaired and fundoscopic examination revealed degeneratio retinae pigmentosa bilaterally. Secondary sex charactaristics including mammillary glands, axillary and pubic hair were poorly developed and a hypoplasic uterus was observed. A 50g GTT showed high glucose levels which was indicative of diabetic pattern. Serum IRI during the 50g GTT were somewhat low and delayed. Mumps Hi titre was positve.
    The patient was placed on a diet and received oral administration of tolbutamide, which resulted in a controlled blood glucose level and improvement of thirst and general malaise.
    These findings indicated development of diabetes mellitus in a patient with Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome. It is strongly suggested that the onset of diabetes mellitus in this patient might be a consequence of the preceding mumps infection.
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  • Yoko Toyoizumi, Nagako Nakanishi, Chieko Takahashi, Yoshimasa Tasaka, ...
    1976 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 77-85
    Published: January 31, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
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    A 46 year-old man was admitted to the hospital in February 1963 with a five and half year history of unconsciousness in the early morning. The serum response of insulin after 100g O-GTT was not high, and with the intravenous tolbutamide test, hypoglycemia appeared and loss of consciousness and convulsion occured.
    In 1968 the diagnosis of insulinoma was made due to the typical symptoms of Whipple's triad being present.
    A coeliac arteriography failed. Surgical operation of the insulinoma was tried, but it was unsuccessful as the tumor could not be found. After leaving the hospital the hypoglycemic attacks still continued.
    At the second admission, the coeliac arteriography revealed an abnormal shadow suggesting a tumor at the head of the pancreas. Fasting level of serum IRI was 554uUjrni and a little higher response to IRI was found after 100g O-GTT. Since the patient refused to take the surgical operation, the treatment by streptozotocin was tried. A total dose of 16g streptozoticin was administered intravenously, but it had to be stopped due to the appearance of liver damage.
    In December 1973, a sudden hematoemesis occurred at home and he was hospitalized immediately. The X-ray examination of the stomach showed the duodenal ulcer.
    Resection of the pancreas and a gastrectomy were done in J anuary 1974, and the pancreas tumor was found at the head of pancreas. The histological diagnosis was insulinoma. The fasting levels of serum IRI and CPR of the radial artery just before the operation were 87pU/ml and 8.4ng/ml, but after extirpation of the insulinoma they decreased immediately to 15μU/ml/ and 1.5ng/ml, respectively and the blood glucose level rose to 213 mg/dl from 138mg/dl.
    The serum IRI and CPR of 100g O-GTT after operation was normalized. The IRI and CPR contents of the insulinoma and the normal pancreatic tissue were 9.73Uig tissue and 44.1μg/g and 0.704U/g, 3.90μgig, respectively. The dialysed fluids of the acid alcohol extract of the tumor and adjacent normal pancreatic tissue were fractionated by Bio-Gel P-30 column chromatography and eluted by 3M acetic acid. The insulin, proinsulin and C-peptide components of the insulinoma were markedly elevated compared with those of the normal pancreatic tissue and their total amount in tissue increased in the insulinoma, too.
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  • Isao Uchimura, Yoshitaka Iida, Hiromichi Sugiyama, Toshiaki Sunaga, Hi ...
    1976 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 86-92
    Published: January 31, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
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    A 71 year-old male was admitted to our hospital in a semicoma which had occurred seven days after a high fever. At the age of 57, this patient had been diagnosed as having diabetes mellitus, but subsequently had received no medical care.
    The physiological and laboratory examination on admission to our hospital indicated that this was a case of severe diabetic coma with ketoacidemia and serum hyperosmolarity. Consequently, the patient received 4, 500ml. of fluid intravenously and 220 units of regular insulin within 12 hours after admission. This was followed by AB-Pc therapy against urinary tract infection and an intravenous administration of 700mg. of Furosemide against anuria. The patient recovered from diabetic coma, but revealed symptoms of deafness. This state remained unchanged throughout his three months of hospitalization.
    Audiometry disclosed severe bilateral perceptive deafness with bilateral vestibular disturbance, combined with transient nuchal rigidity, dysuria, and hypesthesia and muscular weakness in the legs. In this regard, the patient had experienced no hearing difficulties prior to his hospitalization.
    In view of the fact that this case of diabetic coma with ketoacidemia and serum hyperosmolarity was accompanied by neurological signs, the most probable cause of this hearing impairment was considered to be the disturbances in his inner ears and cranial nerves which followed the sudden normalization of serum osmolarity resulting from the therapy against diabetic coma.
    On the other hand, it is considered improbable that infection, any side effects of Furosemide, antibiotics, or diabetic angiopathy have constituted the cause of the hearing impairment.
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  • Kazuteru Oi, Masako Wakatsuki, Yasue Ohmori, Yoshiatsu Mizuno, Naobumi ...
    1976 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 93-102
    Published: January 31, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
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    A case of insulinoma in a 66 year-old man was associated with a annular pancreas, hare-lip and an anomaly of the splenic artery. A hypoglycemic attack, characterized by loss of consciousness, was first experienced in July 1971, when he was treated for hypertension.
    On admission, October 1971, he suffered from frequent hypoglycemic attacks with involuntary movement and bizarre behavior.
    The fasting blood sugar was about 50mg/dl (Hagedorn-Jensen's method) and the fasting immunoreactive insulin (IRI) was about 30μU/ml.
    Intravenous tolbutamide test (Tolbutamide 1g) and oral L-leucine (200mg/kg) test revealed significant decrease in blood sugar with loss of consciousness, and the maximum increase of serum IRI was about 100μU/ml.
    Arteriography of the caeliac artery did not reveal the presence of a pancreatic tumor, but the abnormal routes of the splenic and hepatic arteries were demonstrated.
    The presence of an annular pancreas was diagnosed preoperatively by means of the hypotonicduodenography and endoscopic pancreatography.
    Resection of the tail of the pancreas, containing 10×8mm tumor was performed with a splenectomy, and then the hypoglycemic attacks disappeared.
    Biological Insulin content of the tumor tissue was 11.2U/g, not as abundant as compared with the insulin content of the pancreatic tissue around the tumor, 2.9U/g, including the exocrine gland.
    The β-granule staining, electronmicroscopic observation, and immunofluorescent studies of insulin using FITC labelled anti-insulin, antibody did not reveal active insulin secretion of the tumor tissue.
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  • II. The Degree and Duration of the Hypoglycemic Effect with Different Doses.
    Toshio Kasama, Hisayo Nakajima, Shoichi Yonezawa, Michiko Uchida
    1976 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 103-107
    Published: January 31, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
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    The degree and duration of the hypoglycemic effect of monocomponent insulin (MC-A) using different doses were examined in comparison with conventional insulin (C-A) using normal rabbits and rabbits immunized with beef insulin.
    There were no significant differences between MC-A and C-A for the maximal rate and the duration of the hypoglycemic effect with the three doses (0.25U/kg, 0.5U/kg, and 1.0U/kg) in both animal groups. However maximal hypoglycemic responses to 0.5U/kg of MC-A and to 0.5 U/kg of C-A in normal rabbits were almost the same as that of MC-A 1.0U/kg and of C-A 1.0 U/kg and these responses were one and a half times as strong as MC-A 0.25U/kg and C-A 0.25 U/kg, although the duration of the effect almost responded in proportion to the doses.
    On the other hand, in immunized rabbits, there was no significant difference among the maximal hypoglycemic rate with each three doses. On the contrary, the duration of the insulin effect was delayed with the three doses and especially, the duration of the insulin 0.25U/kg effect continued the same as insulin 0.5U/kg after 4 periods. Also, the duration of the insulin 1.0U/kg the effect was significantly delayed as compared with the previous two doses and was not recovered to pre-injection level even at the 8th period.
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  • [in Japanese]
    1976 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 109-110
    Published: January 31, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
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  • [in Japanese]
    1976 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 111-114
    Published: January 31, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
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  • [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    1976 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 114-118
    Published: January 31, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
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  • [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    1976 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 119-124
    Published: January 31, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
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  • [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    1976 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 125-131
    Published: January 31, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
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  • [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    1976 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 132-135
    Published: January 31, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
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  • [in Japanese]
    1976 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 136-138
    Published: January 31, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
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  • [in Japanese]
    1976 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 138-142
    Published: January 31, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
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  • [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    1976 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 142-144
    Published: January 31, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
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  • [in Japanese]
    1976 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 145-148
    Published: January 31, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
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