All issues
Volume 26, Issue 11
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
Masaki Takayanagi, Shigeki Miyamoto, Fumiko Nakamura, Nozomu Sasaki1983 Volume 26 Issue 11 Pages 1081-1087
Published: November 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is important to elucidate the disturbance of protein metabolism in patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in the pediatric field since such patients are in the process of growing up.
Fasting values of amino acids in sera from 4 patients with diabetic ketosis, 27 insulintreated patients from the out-patient clinic and one patient with neonatal hyperinsulinism, were measured by column chromatography. In the patients with diabetic ketosis, the levels of total amino acids (TAA), essential amino acids (EAA), branched chain amino acids (BCAA) and the ratio of BCAA to TAA (BCAA/TAA) were very high, and they decreased rapidly with insulin treatment. The levels of BCAA, EAA, BCAA and BCAA/TAA were significantly correlated with blood sugar in diabetic ketosis (p<0.01). The levels of BCAA were also higher in insulin-treated patients than in normal children. BCAA and BCAA/TAA were positively correlated with blood sugar and HbA1 in insulin-treated patients (p<0.01, p<0.05). The levels of BCAA were low in the patient with neonatal hyperinsulinism and increased with Diazoxide treatment.
It is suggested that blood levels of BCAA may represent an indicator of peripheral protein metabolism and that they might be used as an indicator of diabetic control in patients with IDDM.View full abstractDownload PDF (1012K) -
Study of Two Cases by the Glucose Infusion TestKeiji Murakami, Rikurou Hayashi, Yasuro Ishikawa, Hideki Koh, Yasuko N ...1983 Volume 26 Issue 11 Pages 1089-1095
Published: November 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor the diagnosis of insulinoma, several insulin provocation tests or insulin suppression tests have been employed together with measurements of fasting insulin or proinsulin levels. In these tests, however, severe and protracted hypoglycemia may be induced, and furthermore, the specificity of the tests is not so high. On the other hand, the precise dose-response relationship of insulin release to glucose has not been well established in insulinoma.
We therefore examined the exact dose-response relationship of insulin release to stepwise glucoes infusion in insulinomas and control subjects. The following results were obtained.
1) Hyper-insulin responses were noted in spite of the observed normal insulin responses to each of the provocation tests.
2) A leftward shift of the dose-response curve was observed demonstrating a lowered glucose threshold of insulin release; namely, abnormal recognition of glucose by tumor B cells.
3) Autonomicity of insulin release was indicated by this test; in spite of a gradual increase of the plasma glucose levels from 40mg/dl to 90mg/dl, the plasma insulin levels were unchanged.
4) Glucose infusion tests carried out at one month after tumor resection demonstrated normal insulin responses, and the dose-response curves were broadly similar to that of the normal controls.
These results suggest that abnormal recognition of glucose by tumor B cells or insulin responses in insulinomas could be detected by this test even if other provocation tests were negative. The test is considered useful and may provide important information for the diagnosis of insulinomas, since it is simple and safe.View full abstractDownload PDF (1062K) -
Yasuhiko Homma, Hideto Sakai, Yoshikazu Mikami, Hiroshi Yoshikawa, Eij ...1983 Volume 26 Issue 11 Pages 1097-1103
Published: November 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCrystalline cholesterol was administered at 750 mg/day for 2 weeks to 23 well-controlled patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).The changes of plasma lipoproteins in response to cholesterol load were compared with previously reported results in control (N= 23), aged (N=-18) and ischemic heart disease (IHD, N=15) groups.
VLDL was separated by ultracentrifugation and HDL by heparin-Mn 4 precipitation.The HDL fraction collected by heparin-Mn++ precipitation was dialyzed against NaCl solution of density 1.125, and the HDL2 fraction was then separated from HDL3 by ultra centrifugation.The LDL cholesterol value was obtained by subtraction of the VLDL and HDL cholesterol values from the plasma total cholestrol.
In NIDDM, the plasma VLDL, LDL, HDL, HDL2, and HDL3 cholesterol levels were not found to undergo significant changes on cholesterol load because of the wide variations.It was considered that a significant change had occurred when the LDL and HDL cholesterol levels were altered on 2 weeks' cholesterol load by more than 10% of the preloading value, and the trends of the changes in LDL and HDL cholesterol levels on cholesterol load were compared among the 4 groups.
The plasma LDL cholesterol levels were increased in 35% of the control, 6 % of the aged, 33 % of the IHD and 17% of the NIDDM groups, and decreased in 17% of the control, 63% of the aged, 14% of the IHD and 9% of the NIDDM groups on cholesterol load.The HDL cholesterol levels were increased in 52% of the control, 12% of the aged, 7% of the IHD and 35% of the NIDDM groups, and decreased in 13% of the control, 44% of the aged, 27% of the IHD and 14 % of the NIDDM groups.Based on these figures, the trends of changes in the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio on cholesterol load were compared.The LDL-C/HDL-C ratio was increased in 35% of the control, 17% of the aged, 53% of the IHD and 17% of the NIDDM groups on cholesterol load.View full abstractDownload PDF (953K) -
Tsuguyoshi Asano, Soichiro Mochio, Takashi Kuwata, Hisayoshi Oka, Susu ...1983 Volume 26 Issue 11 Pages 1105-1111
Published: November 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo determine the effect of the new drug, ONO-2235, an aldose reductase inhibitor, on somatic and autonomic dysfunction we performed electrophysiological and morphological studies in diabetic rats. Male Wistar rats, weighing approximately 250 g were divided into 3 groups:(I) normals, (II) diabetic, untreated controls, and (III) diabetics treated with ONO-2235 at 50 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks.Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin (40 mg/kg i.v.). Autonomic, parasympathetic function was assessed by analysis of the R-R intervals on ECG. Somatic nerve function was assessed from the motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) in the tail. Morphometric studies of the sciatic nerve were performed at the end of the study, and the sorbitol content of the sciatic nerve was also analyzed. The R-R interval variation was greater in ONO-2235-treated rats than in controls (p<0.05) and MNCV was also significantly better (p<0.005).Untreated diabetic rats had a decreased density of myelinated fibers compared to normal controls (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the ONO-2235-treated group and normal group. The sorbitol content of the sciatic nerve was significantly lower in ONO-2235-treated rats than in controls (p<0.001). From these results, it was concluded that the aldose reductase inhibitor, ONO-2235, was effective in reducing both autonomic and somatic dysfunction in diabetic rats.View full abstractDownload PDF (995K) -
Norio Nagase, Yoshiyuki Tamura1983 Volume 26 Issue 11 Pages 1113-1121
Published: November 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBody weight, blood sugar, plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI), serum total cholesterol and triglyceride were measured sequentially in KK mice, and the myocardial disorders in these mice were investigated electrocardiographically as well as pathohistologically.
In order to clarify the pathogenesis of the myocardial disordersin KK mice, the incidence of epicardial calcification, contents of Ca++ and Mg++ in the plasma, red blood cells and myocardium were studied in mice which were fed on drinking water with or without supplementation of Mg++.
The results obtained were as fbllows.
1) KK mice showed glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia and hyperlipidemia at 3, 8 and 30 weeks after birth, respectively (P<0.01-0.001)
2) KK mice showed more marked left axis deviation than DDY mice.A tendency for low amplitude of the R wave in the left ventricular lead (CL lead) was observed in KK mice.
3) Epicardial calcification was noted from 5 weeks, and degeneration, necrosis, fibrosis and calcification of the myocardial fibers were noted from 16 weeks after birth in KK mice.
4) A remarkable increase of calcium content in the myocardium and decrease of magnesium content in the erythrocytes and myocardium were observed in KK mice compared with DDY mice (p<0.05-0.001).
5) Addition of magnesium to the drinking water normalized the calcium content in the myocardium and the magnesium content in the erythrocytes and myocardium, and suppressed the epicardial calcification and myocardial pathology in KK mice.However, the electrocardiograms did not change remarkably.
These results suggested that magnesium deficiency played an important role in the development of myocardial disorders in KK mice.View full abstractDownload PDF (3713K) -
Establishment of the Normal Rage for the Diagnosis of Autonomic NeuropathyNoboru Oikawa1983 Volume 26 Issue 11 Pages 1123-1131
Published: November 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHeart rate (HR) variations-in the supine position, on deep breathing and on standing-were measured in 162 healthy subjects and 168 diabetic patients in order to establish the criteria for the normal range for the diagnosis of autonomic neuropathy and to compare those three methods.
HR variations were measured by Goto's instantaneous-HR-change continuous recorder. As indices of autonomic neuropathy, the standard deviation of the HR in 150 consecutive HR at rest (SD of HR), the mean difference between maximal and minimal HR during deep breathing (I-E difference) and the HR increase on standing (δHRmax) were determined.
In healthy subjects, the values for each test declined with age and the date showed positively skewed distributions. Log-transformed data fitted the linear regression well. The 90% confidence limits were calculated for the normal range and the values below normal were defined as abnormal. The lowest normal values of the SD of HR were 2.07, 1.36, 0.89 beats/min; of the I-E difference, 14, 9, 6 beats/min; and of the δHRmax, 17, 14, 11 beats/min, in 20 y.o., 40 y.o., 60 y.o., respectively.
In diabetics, the incidence of abnormal response was 19% in the SD of HR, 38% in the I-E difference and 22% in the δHRmax. The I-E difference was considered to be the most sensitive index for detecting the autonomic neuropathy. The δHRmax was considered to be able to detect the different mechanisms of neural reflexes because of the poor correlation between the δHRmax and the SD of HR, or the I-E difference.
The present studies suggested, therefore, that two HR variations, on deep breathing and on standing, should be measured at the same time to evaluate the autonomic neuropathy synthetically.View full abstractDownload PDF (1306K) -
Toshihiro Yokokawa, Reiko Odagiri, Yukimasa Hirata1983 Volume 26 Issue 11 Pages 1133-1141
Published: November 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to investigate the role of aldosterone and catecholamines in the pathogenesis of hyperkalemia in diabetics without renal failure and diabetic ketoacidosis, 32 diabetics (fasting blood sugar<160mg/dl, creatinine clearance>40ml/min) with or without persistent hyperkalemia (serum potassium>5mEq/L) and orthostatic hypotension (OH) were divided into four groups as follows. Group I (n=7): diabetics with hyperkalemia and OH;Group II (n=4): diabetics with hyperkalemia and without OH;Group III (n=14): diabetics without hyperkalemia and with OH;Group IV (n=7): diabetics without hyperkalemia and OH.
The changes in plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC), plasma norepinephrine (PNE) and plasma epinephrine (PE), caused by maintaining the upright posture for 2 hours were evaluated in each group and 7 normal controls. Increase in PRA, PAC, PNE and PE by upright posture are indicated by δPRA, δPAC, δPNE and δPE. Group III was divided into two groups as follows: Group IIIA: δPNE was more than 2 SD (SD: standard deviation) below the normal mean ofδPNE ;Group IIIBδPNE was less than 2 SD below the normal mean of δPNE.
Groups I, II and IIIA showed a significant decrease in PNE response to upright posture and in δPNE compared with controls, groups IIIB and IV.Furthermore groups I and HIA showed a slight decrease in PNE response to upright posture and in δPNE compared with group II.Groups I and II showed a significant decrease in PRA and PAC response to upright posture and in A PRA and δPAC compared with the controls, groups IIIA, HIB and IV.Groups I, II, IIIA, IIIB and IV showed no significant difference in PE response to upright posture and APE compared with the controls.
We concluded that a decreased response of PRA and PAC to upright posture was responsible for hyperkalemia in diabetics without renal failure and diabetic ketoacidosis.View full abstractDownload PDF (1334K) -
Yoshinori Okabayashi, Makoto Otsuki, Atsushi Ohki, Choitsu Sakamoto, I ...1983 Volume 26 Issue 11 Pages 1143-1149
Published: November 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe nature and mechanism of the pancreatic dysfunction which accompanies diabetes mellitus was evaluated directly in vitro using isolated perfused pancreasprepared from normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Diabetes was produced by intravenous injection of 45 mg/kg streptozotocin to 16-18 hr fasted rats. Twelve days after the injection, the diabetic rats were used for the experiment. The streptozotocin treated rats lost about 20 g body weight after the injection, whereas control rats gained about 50 g. The pancreatic wet weight of diabetic rats was significantly lower than that of control rats, but not when related to body weight. The protein content in the pancreas of diabetic rats was significantly decreased when calculated per pancreas, but not when calculated relative to the wet weight of the pancreas. The pancreatic amylase content in diabetic ratswas significantly lower than that in control rats, irrespective of whether it was calculated per pancreas or per protein. The output of pancreatic juice from diabetic rats was the same as that from control rats. The total and peak amounts of amylase and protein secreted from the diabetic rat pancreas in response to 0.1 ng/ml caerulein were significantly lower than those from control rats.However, the amount of amylase and protein released relative to the initial pancreatic content from the diabetic rat pancreas was similar to that from the control rat pancreas.
The present findings indicate that the diabetic rat pancreas hasnormal responsiveness to secretagogue, although the pancreatic amylase content was significantly reduced.View full abstractDownload PDF (2213K) -
Sumiko Takayama, Tadasu Kasahara, Reiko Kawahara, Yukimasa Hirata1983 Volume 26 Issue 11 Pages 1151-1157
Published: November 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn late April, 1981, a 72-year-old woman who had suffered from diabetes mellitus for 35 years suddenly developed diplopia, which was soon followed by right blephaloptosis.The symptoms were worse in the evenings than in the mornings.She was admitted to our hospital on May 1, 1981, and was diagnosed as myasthenia gravis with thymoma.
We treated her with pyridostigmine bromide.In late May, she suffered from myocardial infarction with a myasthenic crisis.In mid-June, she received steroid hormone treatmets and, in mid-July, her symptoms disappeared.
In early September, she again suffered from diplopia and blephaloptosis, but increased doses of steroid hormone were not effective this time.She underwent thymectomy on October 7, and remained well until mid-November.Plasmapheresis treatments were then undertaken in December, and after that time her symptoms were relieved.She continued in good health by receiving plasmapheresis treatments once every 2 weeks and taking steroid hormone and pyridostigmine bromide.
In mid-April, 1982, blephaloptosis reappeared and she received plasmapheresis more frequently. In June, she began azathiopurine treatment also.She was discharged in September.
The anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies titer increased and decreased compatibly with the clinical symptoms.
She was treated with insulin injections to prevent development of diabetic microangiopathy.View full abstractDownload PDF (5062K) -
An Additional Case and Review of This Syndrome in JapanShinichi Ohkubo, Chieko Shioda, Teiji Arita1983 Volume 26 Issue 11 Pages 1159-1165
Published: November 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe syndrome which consists of diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy and deafness is known as Wolfram (DI-DM-OA-D) syndrome. An additional case is described in this paper and previous reports in Japan are reviewed.
The patient, a 22-year-old man, had been well until the age of seven, when decrease of his visual acuity was found. At 7 years and 7 months old, he was admitted to our hospital with chief complaints of polydipsia and polyuria. Insulin dependent diabetes was diagnosed and treatment with insulin was begun. His visual acuity continued to deteriorate, and at 8 years, diagnosis of glaucoma and optic atrophy was made. At 13 years, an abnormal audiogram was pointed out by a school docter. At 19 years, high-frequency neurosensory hearing loss was confirmed. Although diabetes insipidus was not found at this time, we diagnosed Wolfram (DI-DM-OA-D) syndrome on the basis of the occurrence of diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy and deafness. His mental and sexual developments were normal.
To our knowledge, 5 cases of Wolfram or DI-DM-OA-D syndrome have veen reported in Japan. Our case appears to represent the sixth one in Japan.View full abstractDownload PDF (1028K) -
1983 Volume 26 Issue 11 Pages 1167-1175
Published: November 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1806K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|