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Volume 22, Issue 7
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Chieko Takahashi, Etsuko Takatori, Yoshiatsu Mizuno, Yukimasa Hirata1979 Volume 22 Issue 7 Pages 767-776
Published: July 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHuman plasma growth hormone (HGH) was determined during moderate muscular exercise in two comparable groups of male nonobese diabetics. One group contained 6 diabetics without retinopathy and 3 diabetics with background retinopathy. Another group consisted of 10 diabetics with proliferative retinopathy. Despite the metabolic similarities between the two groups, the HGH response to muscular exercise was significantly higher in the second group with proliferative retinopathy than in the first group without proliferative retinopathy. These results suggest a hyperresponseof HGH release in diabetics with proliferative retinopathy following considerable muscular exercise.View full abstractDownload PDF (1378K) -
Relationship between Clinical Features and Sural Nerve LesionsSoroku Yagihashi, Muneo Matsunaga, Yoshio Goto1979 Volume 22 Issue 7 Pages 777-784
Published: July 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSural nerve biopsies were performed on 5 male diabetic patients to investigate the relationshipbetween clinical features and patho-histological findings.
Light microscopic examinations revealed that the density of myelinated nerve fibers was reduced in all the diabetic patients. Histograms of the myelinated nerve fiber diameter showed a reduction in nerve fibers of large diameter and a relative increase in nerve fibers of small diameter. Clusters of regenerated myelinated fibers frequently appeared in patients with a longer duration of diabetes. Degeneration and destruction of myelin sheaths and axons were recognized in all the diabetic subjects. Thickening of the vascular wall (Vasa nervorum) was also apparent in all cases; however, the changes in the nerve fibers were not consistent with the vascular alterations.
Teased nerve fiber studies revealed that all the cases exhibited segmental demyelination (12-28%), and axonal degeneration (1-12%). Degenerated nerve fibers were more frequent in diabetics with poor diabetic control than diabetics with fair control. Sensory nerve conduction velocity could not be evoked in the patient with the most marked segmental demyelination. The internodal lengths of the myelinated nerve fibers were reduced in the diabetics and the serial internodal lengths of the nerve fibers (especially those of large diameter) were widely scattered.It is suggested that the evolution of nerve lesions in diabetic neuropathy may be affected by diabetic control of long duration, and that changes in nerve fibers and blood vessels (Vasa nervorum) tend to develop independently.View full abstractDownload PDF (3762K) -
Electron Microscopic Findings in Sural Nerves of Five Diabetic PatientsSoroku Yagihashi, Muneo Matsunaga, Yoshio Goto1979 Volume 22 Issue 7 Pages 785-792
Published: July 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSural nerve lesions in 5 male diabetic patients with clinically manifest diabetic neuropathy were investigated by electron microscopy. Axonal degeneration of both myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fi bers was apparent in all cases. Also found were destruction of myelin sheaths, degenerative changes in Schwann cell cytoplasm, and thickening and multiplication of the basement membrane of the vasa nervorum in all subjects. In addition to depletion of axoplasmic organelles, the axonal degeneration appeared as vacuolation and reduction of the axon diameter, accumulation of glycogen-like particles and deposition of electron-homogeneous amorphous materials. On the other hand, the formation of degenerated myelin debris, various kinds of cytoplasmic inclusion bodies and aggregated glycogen particles were noted in Schwann cells. Basement membrane hyperplasia of Schwann cells with ruffled elongation was also eminent in all the diabetic patients. An increasese in collagen fibers of the interstitium and onion bulb formation were apparent as chronic non-specific alterations of the nerve tissues. There was no apparent correlation between the ultrastructural findings and clinical symptoms or laboratory findings in the patients.
Based on these observations it is concluded that the peripheral nerve lesions in the diabetics developed through metabolic impairment of axons, with accompanying disturbance of Schwann cell metabolism and diabetic microangiopathy in the nerve tissues.View full abstractDownload PDF (8860K) -
Akira Takeda, Hiroto Mashiba1979 Volume 22 Issue 7 Pages 793-799
Published: July 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe first summer camp for diabetic children in Japan was held in Tokyo in 1963. The numberof such summer camps in Japan has subsequently increased year by year.
In 1977, a total of 13 summer camps was held. The details were as follows.
1) The number of children who joined the 1977 summer camps was 382 (250 girls, 132 boys).
2) The age of the participant boys and girls was mostly 6 to 18 yr. The majority were in the age range from 10 to 13 yr.
3) The staff members were organized among medical physicians, dietitians, nurses, laboratory technicians, students, public health nurses, psychologists, teachers, physical trainers, social workers and others.
4) The running expenses were mostly covered from entry fees and contributions. The cost ranged from 1, 300 to 3, 600 yen per individual (including all the diabetics and staff members).
5) Only 5 of the 13 camps insured children against accidents during the session.View full abstractDownload PDF (1013K) -
Lipolysis of Enlarged Fat Cells in CultureHidetsugu Sasaki, Shoichi Koyama, Masakazu Abe1979 Volume 22 Issue 7 Pages 801-810
Published: July 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVarious investigators have reported that the lipolysis of adipose tissues from obese subjects is markedly increased. The cellular metabolism which was observed on incubating the adipose tissue for a few hours in vitro, may be influenced by an intrinsic factor of the donor. Using the tissue culture method, it is possible to simplify the environment of the adipose tissue and to investigate the metablolic effects of prolonged exposure to insulin.
In the present study, human adipose tissues were cultured for 4 days with or without the addition of insulin. The culture procedure was carried out in a circumfusion system. After this period, the cultured specimens were removed from the circumfusion system, washed for 30 min, and then incubated for 2 hr in order to observe the lipolytic activity.
The results indicated that compared to the situation before culture, the enlarged fat cells from obese specimens were decreased in size after culture in the presence of a physiological glucose concentration with the addition of insulin. However, the fat cell size of the cultured obese specimens still exceeded that of non-obese specimens before culture.
It was apparent that the basal lipolysis of obese specimens which were cultured in a medium with≥102pμ/m/ insulin and 5.6 mmol/l glucose, increased after 2 hr incubation. The rate of epinephrine-stimulated lipolysis of non-obese specimens which were cultured in a medium with 102μU insulin, was significantly inhibited after 2 hr incubation, while no such inhibition of lipolysis was recognized in the non-obese specimens in a medium with 103μU insulin. The rate of epinephrinestimulated lipolysis in obese specimens cultured with various concentrations of insulin was similar to that in obese specimens cultured without insulin.
Examinations of adipose tissues previously in a medium enriched with insulin and glucose, revealed a significant positive correlation between fat cell size and basal lipolysis.
The results of the present study indicate that the cellular metabolism may be influenced by antecedent factors, such as the insulin and/or glucose concentration in the environment. It can be considered that an increase in lipolysis of enlarged fat cells is influenced by the prolonged insulin effects at a high concetration.View full abstractDownload PDF (1529K) -
Mitsuo Inada, Mitsushige Nishikawa, Mariko Oishi, Shunichiro Kurata, H ...1979 Volume 22 Issue 7 Pages 811-817
Published: July 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA simple and rapid method for the measurement of total glycosylated hemoglobins (HbAIa+b+c) is described. The washed erythrocytes were lysed by adding distilled water and toluene. The lysate was incubated with O.1 volume of a 10-times concentrated solution of phosphate cyanide buffer (Buffer I) overnight at 4°C. Bio-Rex 70 cation exchanger equilibrated with Buffrt I was poured into a small column (6 cm×1.2 cm) to a packed height of approximately 4 cm. Then, O.1 ml of the lysate was layered onto the surface of the resin and 8 ml of the eluate was collected. This fraction (F1) contained HbAia+b+c.Subsequently, Buffer I was replaced by high phosphate buffer (Buffer II) and further eluate (8 ml) was collected. This fraction (F2) contained all the other components of HbA in the lysate. The absorbance of Fl and of F2 diluted to 1: 8 with Buffer II was measured at 415 nm, and the percentage HbAIa+b+c was calculated as follows:
Excellent separation between Fl and F2 was obtained with the present small scaled column. The intra-assay variability of HbAIa+b+c, was evaluated by duplicate determinations in sera obtained from 5 normal subjects and 5 diabetic patients. There was no significant difference in HbAia+bas determined duplicate assays by the paired t test (0.4<p (t≥0.755)<0.5). Moreover, where measurements were repeated in lysate stored for up to 32 days at 4°C, the coefficient of variation was 3.8-11.5%. These results indicated that the present method was reproducible and HbA in the lysate remained stable on storing at 4°C for at least 32 days. The procedure thus took 2 hr to complete manually and more than 20 blood samples could be analyzed by one person ina day. The %HbAIa+b, +c., determined by the present method ranged from 7.0% to 7.9% in 9 normal subjects with no family history of diabetes mellitus (mean ± SD=7.4±0.3%). In 29 patients with diabetes mellitus, the %HbAia, b+c ranged from 7.2% to 17.9%. The average (11.8 ±2.8%) was significantly higher than that in normal subject (p<0.001). These findings suggest that our method may be useful as a routine clinical test for monitoring blood glucose in diabetic patients.View full abstractDownload PDF (1008K) -
Tadashi Ogawa, Yasuo Kisara, Yasuaki Yoshida, Hideyo Sakai, Soichiro M ...1979 Volume 22 Issue 7 Pages 819-826
Published: July 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present paper reports 2 cases of insulinoma. Thr first case was a 14-yr-old junior high school girl. She was admitted to hospital due to increasing frequency of hypoglycemic episodes which were induced by intensive physical exercise or prolonged fasting.
The second case was a 63-yr-old man who suffered from general weakness, dizziness and unconciousness in the fasting state. He was recommended by a psychiatrist to undergo clinical and endocrinological examinations.
The diagnosis of a functioning islet-tumor was made in the first case on the basis of excessive insulin secretion in the fasting state and in response to various physiological or pharmacological stimuli. Selective celiac angiographical examinations revealed a tumor at the tail of the pancreas.
However, in the second case, after various laboratory tests and procedures the only typical findings of insulinoma were inappropriate values of plasma immunoreactive insulin in relation to the corresponding values of blood glucose, and these were sporadic. Fractionation of fasting serum samples by Bio-Gel P-30 column chromatography revealed large amounts of proinsulin-like component. Selective celiac angiography yielded no evidence of a tumor. During the period before a surgical operation was performed, a regimen of β-blocker was effective in abolishing his symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Microscopical diagnosis revealed a benign adenoma in both cases. The recoveries from surgery were uneventful and the patients have remained free of symptoms for several years.View full abstractDownload PDF (3547K) -
Ryuzo Kawamori, Teishi Murata, Yoshimitsu Yamasaki, Toyohiko Morishima ...1979 Volume 22 Issue 7 Pages 827-830
Published: July 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is important to elucidate the precise significance of pancreatic A cell hypersecretion in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Changes in immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) response to 100 g oral glucose challenges were therefpore studied in diabetics whose blood glucose responses and plasma immunoreactive insulin concentrations (IRI) were made to simulate those of normal subjects using the artificial beta cell system originally developed by us.
In 6 non-obese adult-onset and 4 insulin-dependent diabetics whose blood glucose responses against 100 g oral glucose loading and IRI were made to simulate those of normal subjects with the artificial beta cell, the IRG responses also simulated the response in normal subjects. However in one insulindependent diabetic with high anti-insulin binding capacity, the blood glucose response against oral glucose challenge was not normalized with the artificial beta cell and IRG was paradoxically increased.
This suggested that paradoxical rises in glucagon in response to oral glucose loading observed in diabetics may be secondary to insulin deficiency.View full abstractDownload PDF (580K) -
1979 Volume 22 Issue 7 Pages 831-860
Published: July 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (6364K)
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