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Volume 25, Issue 10
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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Influence of Glycosylated Hemoglobins and 2, 3-DPG on Nerve Conduction VelocityAtsuko Yamamoto, Nagao Heki1982 Volume 25 Issue 10 Pages 1043-1051
Published: October 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn an attempt to investigate the factors influencing the development of diabetic polyneuropathy, nerve conduction velocities were measured in 112 diabetic subjects, and the levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS), 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate (2, 3-DPG), and glycosylated hemoglobins (HbAl, HbAlc) were simultaneously determined. The diabetic subjects were arbitrarily subdivided into three groups according to their HbA1c values. The first group (41 cases, HbAlc 4-6%) was regarded as wellcontrolled. The second group (37 cases, HbAlc 6-8%) and the third group (34 cases, HbAlc more than 8%) were regarded as fairly and poorly controlled, respectively.
A significant inverse correlation was observed between HbAl and 2, 3-DPG in groups 2 and 3 as well as in the total subjects. HbA1 and the motor conduction velocity (MCV) of the peroneal nerve were also inversely correlated in groups 2 and 3 as well as in the total subjects. However, 2, 3-DPG and the peroneal MCV were correlated only in the total subject, not in the subgroups. Also, FBS was correlated only in the total subjects. The severity of polyneuropathy, as determined from the delay in nerve conduction velocity, may thus be related more with HbAlc and 2, 3-DPG and much less with FBS. Because of the high affinity of HbAlc to oxygen, elevation of HbAlc may decrease the capacity for Hb-O2 dissociation in the peripheral blood, and a decrease in 2, 3-DPG may further aggravate the capacity of oxygen release from the hemoglobins to the peripheral tissue. This implies that impairment in oxygenation of the peripheral nerve might be a significant factor influencing the development of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.View full abstractDownload PDF (1105K) -
Toshiyuki Furusho, Kinori Kosaka1982 Volume 25 Issue 10 Pages 1053-1064
Published: October 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to elucidate the genetic mechanism of the association between IDDM and HLA, through a comparison of expected frequencies and observed frequencies on the assumption of linkage equilibrium, it was assumed that the “deviation” between the two was due to the effect of epistasis and an attempt was made to estimate the epistatic variance. It was found that the ratio of epistatic variance to genotypic variance was 1/69 between IDDM and HLA-Bw 54, 1/59 between IDDM and HLA-DYT, and 1/33 between IDDM and HLA-DRw 4, all being comparatively low.
Since linkage disequilibrium is defined by the gamete frequency immediately prior to fertilization, even if epistasis were present, it does not necessarily imply that linkage disequilibrium would appear. The distance between these two loci must be smaller than a certain range.
Since the genetic character of man cannot be analyzed at the gamete level, in the present study genotypic epistasis is assumed and not linkage disequilibrium. Thus, linkage equilibrium, if actually present, can be detected. However, because epistasis and linkage disequilibrium make their appearance similar to a certain degree, this point should be given due consideration.
Elucidation of epistasis between IDDM and HLA is of extreme importance from the standpoint of clinical genetics. We therefore plan in the future to collect for review a larger volume of data under a more detailed plan.View full abstractDownload PDF (1787K) -
Ikuo Taniguchi, Shigeru Kageyama, Nobuhiko Saito, Masakazu Abe, Shigeh ...1982 Volume 25 Issue 10 Pages 1065-1072
Published: October 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated the biochemical properties of plasma inactive renin from patients with diabetic hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism (DHH) and its mechanism of activation. The plasma renin activity (PRA) of the patients with DHH was extremely low, but their inactive renin was increased compared to that of normal subjects. The molecular weight (MW) of the plasma inactive renin was 55, 000 as determined with Sephadex G-100, and 50, 000 as determined with Ultrogel AcA 44. The isoelectric points (pI) of the plasma inactive renin were 5.3, 5.5, 5.75 and 6.1, indicating that the inactive renin had multiple components. These MW and pI values for plasma inactive renin from the diabetic patients were the same as those of normal human plasma. We then studied the activation mechanism of the plasma inactive renin of the patients with DHH. With the trypsin activation method, the MW changed from 50, 000 to 42, 000 as determined using Ultrogel AcA 44 and the p1 values shifted towards acidic pHs of 4.6, 4.75, 4.9 and 5.1. With the acid activation method, the MW was reduced to 42, 000 and the pI values changed to 4.58, 5.0, 5.2, 5, 35 and 5.55, which were analogous to those of renal active renin. The increased inactive renin in DHH patients had the same biochemical properties as those observed in healthy individuals and the pI values were similar to those of renal prorenin. These results suggest that the increased plasma inactive renin in DHH patients was caused by impaired conversion from prorenin to active renin in the kidney. As regards the activation method, inactive renin activated with trypsin had a different molecular structure from circulating active renin, whereas by acid activation, the inactive renin was converted to active renin with the same molecular structure as that of renal active renin.View full abstractDownload PDF (1210K) -
Mikihiko Kudo, Shoko Narita, Tetsuo Komori, Kazuo Takebe1982 Volume 25 Issue 10 Pages 1073-1079
Published: October 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThr correlation between 4 nerve conduction velocities (NCVs) and 9 clinical laboratory findings in 57 diabetics was studied by multivariate analysis. F-wave conduction velocity (FCV) was measured as the motor nerve conduction velocity between the spinal cord and elbow. M-wave conduction velocity was measured as that between the elbow and wrist. Proximal and distal sensory nerve conduction velocities were measured between the elbow and wrist and between the wrist and finger, respectively. The 9 clinical laboratory findings were age, sex, duration of diabetes mellitus, control of blood sugar, retinopathy, proteinuria, patellar tendon reflex, Achilles tendon reflex, and kinds of therapy. In simple correlation analysis, the 4 NCVs were found to be closely related to control, retinopathy and kinds of therapy. However, in partial correlation analysis, only FCV revealed a close and positive correlation with good control of blood sugar and a negative correlation with age. The F-wave is caused by excitation of anterior horn cells of the spinal cord by antidromic electric stimulation of motor fibers. The function of the motor fibers between the spinal cord and elbow had a positive correlation with good control of blood sugar.
Factor analysis of the 4 NCVs involved division into two factors. The first factor was closely related to age. The second was closely related to control and therapy in partial correlation analysis. FCV was estimated by multiple regression analysis from the 9 clinical laboratory findings. The multiple correlation coefficient was 0.753. The percentages of the estimated FCV values which were within a maximum error of 2 m/sec and 3 m/sec of the measured FCV were 53 and 72, respectively.
Multivariate analysis is thus useful for estimating the relationship between NCVs and control of diabetes mellitus.View full abstractDownload PDF (1029K) -
Masumi Nozawa, Tsutomu Chiba, Hiroshi Fujiya, Tomohiko Taminato, Seizo ...1982 Volume 25 Issue 10 Pages 1081-1086
Published: October 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the changes in somatostatin release and somatostatin-containing D-cells of the stomach in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats after the amelioration of diabetes by whole pancreatic transplantation.
Highly inbred Lewis rats were divided in to three groups, (1) normal rats, (2) STZ-induced diabetic rats, and (3) diabetic-transplanted rats. Diabetes was induced by the administration of STZ (50 mg/kg). On the 7th day after STZ treatment, pancreatic transplantation was performed. Four weeks after the transplantation, in vivo and in vitro studies were performed. The in vivo studies revealed normalization of the elevated blood glucose and marked improvement of the impaired arginine-induced insulin release following the transplantation. The in vitro studies employing the isolated perfused rat stomachs revealed the following results. The mean basal gastric somatostatin release in the normal, diabetic and transplanted rats was 179±5, 173 plusmn;5 and 135±pg/m/, respectively. There was no significant difference between the normal and diabetic rats, although a significant decreased value was obtained in the transplanted rats (p<0.01 vs. normal, and p<0.01 vs. diabetic rats). On the other hand, the glucagon-stimulated peak somatostatin values in these groups were 498±36, 662+47, and 412±25 pg/m/, respectively. Glucagon-stimulated gastric somatostatin release in the diabetic rats was significantly increased, but reduced to normal values following pancreatic transplantation. The gastric somatostatin-containing D-cells were stained by an antibody-enzyme method. The number of gastric somatostatin-containing D-cells was markedly increased in the diabetic rats and decreased to normal levels in the transplanted rats.
In summary, enhanced gastric somatostatin release and increased D-cell number in the diabetic rats were both normalized after the amelioration of diabetes by whole pancreatic transplantation. From these results, it is suggested that gastric somatostatin is regulated by circulating insulin and/or metabolites of nutrients.View full abstractDownload PDF (974K) -
Itsuo Suehiro, Makoto Otsuki, Hosai Yuu, Tomio Yamasaki, Atsushi Ohki, ...1982 Volume 25 Issue 10 Pages 1087-1093
Published: October 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAlpha-glucosidehydrolase inhibitor (BAY g 5421:α-GHI) of microbial origin has been shown to have a potent inhibitory effect on carbohydrate digestive enzymes such as a-sucrase and aamylase activities. Oral application of α-GHI may reduce dietary carbohydrate digestion in the intestinal lumen and may be of therapeutic benefit for diabetics who should consume only limited quantities of carbohydrate to avoid hyperglycemia after a meal. In the present study, we investigated the effect of α-GHI on carbohydrate metabolic improvement in non insulin dependent diabetics (Type II).
Fourteen diabetic subjects under dietary treatment were selected. Their fasting plasma glucose values were 100-200 mg/dl. Administration of α-GHI 100 mg with each meal (3 times per day) significantly reduced the fasting plasma glucose, postprandial glucose rise (ΔBS) at 1 hr, urinary glucose excretion, and serum cholesterol values during observation for up to 12 weeks. the triglyceride values were reduced at the 2nd week and gradually decreased until the 12th week.
The Broca index tended to decrease gradually, but not significantly, during α-GHI treatment. On the other hand, α-GHI treatment had no influence on the plasma glucose rise and insulin release in response to oral glucose loading; the plasma glucose and serum insulin response after α-GHI treatment were almost the same as those at pretreatment. The serum amylase activity and pancreatic isoamylase activity showed no difference before and after α-GHI treatment. It is concluded therefore that oral application of α-GHI with meals can be effective for carbohydrate metabolic improvement in diabetes mellitus.View full abstractDownload PDF (1837K) -
Reiko Kawahara, Yoshiatsu Mizuno, Teiko Amemiya, Chieko Takahashi, Yuk ...1982 Volume 25 Issue 10 Pages 1095-1102
Published: October 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe metabolic response to moderate exercise while walking on a treadmill was examined in 36 diabetic patients with and without background retinopathy. Their response was compared with that of 7 healthy control subjects. The exercise lasted for a period of 30 min at 110/min pulse rate in the fasting state. Blood glucose, IRI, HGH, lactate, FFA, TC, TG and LCAT activity were determined at three points: before, immediately after, and at 1hr after the exercise period.
a) The exercise produced a 10mg/dl decrease in the mean blood glucose of the diabetics. This was not a significant change.
b) HGH, Lactate and FFA were significantly increased immediately after the exercise and returned to the initial levels lhr later.
c) IRI, TC, TG and LCAT activity did not change significantly during the exercise.
On the other hand, all of these various parameters revealed slightly lesser responses in the control subjects than in the diabetics.
In 7 diabetics with hypoglycemic drug and in 4 with diet only, an identical treadmill test was performed 1 to 2 hr after breakfast, and the effect of the exercise on the metabolic and hormonal changes after eating was observed. The blood glucose and IRI dropped significantly more for those patients who exercised after eating than those who did not. However, HGH, lactate, serum lipids and LCAT activity changed more for those who exercised before eating than those after.
There was a significant inverse correlation between the changes in TG (ΔTG) and relative body weight (r=-0.54, p<0.01).
There was a positive correlation between the changes in blood glucose (4BS) and free fatty acid (4FFA)(r=0.47, pThere was a positive correlation between the changes in blood glucose (4BS) and free fatty cid (ΔFFA)(r=0.47, p<0.05).0.05).View full abstractDownload PDF (1173K) -
Mitsuyasu Itoh, Masanori Funauchi, Naobumi Fukuma, Yohsuke Abe, Yoshib ...1982 Volume 25 Issue 10 Pages 1103-1108
Published: October 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe coexistence of diabetes mellitus and hyperthyroidism has long been known and, in a few cases, diabetic acidosis complicated with thyroid storm has been reported. We describe a case who developed thyroid storm and diabetic ketoacidosis following 131I therapy for severe hyperthyroidism.
A 50-yr-old man was diagnosed as having hyperthyroidism complicated with diabetes mellitus at the age of 47. After he had been unsuccessfully treated with methimazole and oral hypoglycemic agents, radioactive iodine was administered twice. However, no remarkable effect was observed. After a third treatment with 131I, the patient showed symptoms like thyroid storm and diabetic ketoacidosis. He was hospitalized on October 3, 1980. Administration of insulin and supportive therapy including correction of dehydration alleviated his symptoms after admission. Administration of methimazole normalized his thyroid function. A 75 g GTT and tolbutamide i.v. test revealed impaired secretion of endogenous insulin. The patient had a high level of serum T3 and T4 following 131I therapy, indicating that the released hormone caused a transient condition like thyroid storm, which led to deterioration of glucose metabolism as indicated in high levels of hemoglobin A1c.
Diabetic acidosis is the precipitating factor for thyroid storm. Prompt treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis, therefore, might prevent the complications of life-threatening thyroid storm.View full abstractDownload PDF (2035K) -
Sadanori Takahashi, Tetsuro Kobayashi, Tadao Sugimoto, Tokuji Ito1982 Volume 25 Issue 10 Pages 1109-1114
Published: October 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecently we encountered a diabetic patient who complained of violent cheek pain when eating food over a period of about 6 months and suffered severe body weight loss due to the difficulty in eating. We have now examined 7 diabetic patients including this case who experienced cheek pain when eating. The 7 cases consisted of 5 males and 2 females. Their ages ranged from 25 to 55 years. Their durations of diabetes mellitus ranged from 7 to 15 years. 6 cases are being treated by insulin injection. 5 cases have diabetic retinopathy and 3 cases have diabetic nephropathy. 6 cases show the clinical symptoms of diabetic neuropathy and all cases display a decreased peripheral nerve conduction velocity.
5 cases have bilateral cheek pain. In all cases, the pain is precipitated by eating. As soon as they take food in to their mouth before mastication, they experience pain in their cheek but the pain ceases immediately. When eating sour foods, they feel especially strong pain. In one case, imaging or looking at a lemon precipitates strong pain.
We consider the pain in all cases to be glossopharyngeal neuralgia because of the characteristic symptoms. Compared to the glossopharyngeal neuralgia of non-diabetic patients, our cases showed the following particular features, a) No cases were aged men. b) Bilateral pain was present except in 2 cases. c) The frequency was higher than among non-diabetic patients. d) All cases had longterm diabetes and the clinical symptoms of diabetic neuropathy were present except in one case. These facts suggest that the pain is a form of diabetic cranial neuropathy although the mechanism remains unknown.
In diabetic cranial neuropathy, oculomotor nerve and abducent nerve palsy are often observed. However, disturbances of the glossopharyngeal nerve are seldom seen in diabetic patients. Furhter studies on glossopharyngeal neuralgia in diabetic patients are needed.View full abstractDownload PDF (845K) -
Shigetake Yoshioka, Shizuko Saitoh, Mitsuo Imura1982 Volume 25 Issue 10 Pages 1115-1118
Published: October 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe plasma 1-deoxyglucose contents of non-diabetic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, were measured by gas-liquid chromatography. The mean values of the compounds in non-diabetics were 1.11±0.23 mg/dl, and in diabetics, 0.25±0.18 mg/dl. The difference was statistically significant by Student's t-test (p≤0.05).
It was confirmed that the plasma 1-deoxyglucose contents in diabetic rats before insulin therapy were already low, compared to those of non-diabetics, and were sometimes undetectable. It is suggested that plasma 1-deoxyglucose determination might serve as a useful metabolic parameter for evaluating the function of carbohydrate metabolism in diabetes mellitus.View full abstractDownload PDF (1688K) -
[in Japanese]1982 Volume 25 Issue 10 Pages 1119-1137
Published: October 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (3828K) -
[in Japanese]1982 Volume 25 Issue 10 Pages 1139-1144
Published: October 30, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1278K)
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