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Volume 32, Issue 4
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Masaki Amenomori, Hitoshi Yasuda, Masanobu Sonobe, Masahiko Terada, Ma ...1989 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 223-227
Published: April 30, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe have often observed heart rate increase after deep breathing (HRI) in diabetic patients. In order to determine the significance of this phenomenon we studied the relationship between HRI and the autonomic nerve function in 45 healthy controls and 60 diabetic patients. The autonomic nerve function was assessed by the Schellong test (sympathetic nerve function) and R-R interval variation (parasympathetic nerve function).
Subjects whose heart rate after deep breathing always exceeded the maximal heart rate during deep breathing (Group A) were found more frequently and with more reproducibility among diabetics than among healthy subjects.
In diabetic patients, parasympathetic nerve function was better preserved in Group A than in Group B (in which HRI was not found). Orthostatic hypotension was frequently found in group B, but not found in Group A.
The results suggest that HRI is associated with mild autonomic nerve dysfunction and provide a useful maneuver as an autonomic function test.View full abstractDownload PDF (809K) -
Norio Kase1989 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 229-236
Published: April 30, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to evaluate the clinical usefulness of accelerated plethysmography (APG), 22 normal subjects and 116 patients with diabetes mellitus were employed. Diabetic patients were subdivided into 3 groups according to the method of treatment. The coefficient of APG (Co-APG) was correlated with age and blood pressure in both control and diabetic groups. Co-APG was significantly reduced in the diabetic groups. especially the insulin-treated group, when compared with that in controls. Multiple regression analysis was performed to assess the possible relationship of Co-APG to age, duration of diabetes, fasting blood glucose values, hemoglobin Ai, renal function, cardiac performance, senseory nerve conduction velocity (SCV), plasma aldosterone, renin and atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations. The multiple correlation coefficient for Co-APG was 0.70, and SCV appeared to influcence Co-APG most significantly in the diabetic groups. These results suggest that APG may change according to the development of diabetic neuropathy.View full abstractDownload PDF (1405K) -
Stimulatory Effect of Aclatonium Napadisilate on Insulin Release and Exocrine Secretion from Isolated Perfusud PancreasMasatoshi Fujii, Makoto Otsuki, Takahiko Nakamura, Yoshinori Okabayash ...1989 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 237-242
Published: April 30, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAclatonium napadisilate (AN) has been used clinically as an activator of gastrointestinal motility. In this study, the effect of AN on exocrine pancreatic secretion and insulin release was investigated in the isolated, perfused rat pancreas. The effect of AN on insulin release was detectable at a concentration of 0.1μM, while the increase in exocrine secretion was observed at 1.0μM. Both effects of AN on insulin and pancreatic exocrine secretion increased dose-dependently. Furthermore, the insulinotropic action of AN was dependent on the concentration of glucose. Pirenzepine, a muscarinic receptor antagonist, significantly inhibited ANstimulated insulin release and exocrine secretion. However, proglumide, a cholecystokinin receptor antagoist, did not modify exocrine secretion or insulin response to AN. These results indicate that AN directly stimulates insulin relaese and exocrine secretion via muscarinic receptors.View full abstractDownload PDF (2404K) -
Hideo Itabashi, Akira Sato, Yoshihiro Takemura1989 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 243-249
Published: April 30, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMagnesium (Mg) balance in 64 diabetic patients (males 36, females 28) was studied by measuring serum and urinary Mg, β2-microglobulin (β2-MG), N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase activity (NAG), leucine aminopeptidase activity (LAP) and the fractional retention of a parenterally administered Mg load (FRMg). Serum Mg concentrations in diabetic patients before and after treatment were lower than in controls [2.13±0.24mg/dl (mean±SD), 2.20±0.26mg/dl, 2.35±0.16mg/dl, respectively], although serum Mg concentrations in diabetic patients increased significantly after treatment. In contrast, urinary Mg excretion/dl GFR (ExMg) in diabetic patients was higher than that in controls and decreased after treatment. Fasting blood glucose concentrations before treatment correlated well with ExMg (r=0.57, p<0.001). Urinary β2-MG, NAG and LAP were higher in diabetic patients than in controls, and their activity was reduced after treatment when urinary NAG before treatment correlated well with ExMg (r=0.52, p<0.001). When the diabetic patients were divided into three groups accoding to methods treatment similar serum Mg concentrations before treatment increased in patients treated with diet alone and diet plus sulfonylurea (su) but did not increase in those treated with diet plus insulin. ExMg, initially higher in patients treated with su and insulin than in patients treated with diet alone, did not differ significantly between three groups after treatment. FRMg was 19.4±14.5% in controls, 19.9±18.6% in non-insulin-treated patients and 26.3±23.8% in insulin-treated patients, a value that was higher than that in the other groups but was not significant. FRMg in patients after insulin treatment increased significantly to 54.9±30.1%(p<0.05). These results suggest that the decreased tubular reabsorption of Mg and the transient renal tubular epithelial damage induced by hyperglycemia are responsible for the low serum Mg concentrations in diabetic patients, even though the lack of an obvious Mg deficiency and the treatment of diabetes mellitus by insulin may temporarily cause a low serum Mg concentration.View full abstractDownload PDF (1204K) -
A 5-year Follow-up StudyAkira Tsuruoka, Kumiko Kurabayashi, Junko Miura, Hideaki Kurata, Keiko ...1989 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 251-256
Published: April 30, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was undertaken to assess the glycemic control and chronic diabetic complications of noninsulin dependent diabetics (NIDDM) performing self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG).
The subjects of this study were 28 NIDDM performing SMBG (SMBG+) and 28 NIDDM who did not perform SMBG (SMBG-) as a control group. All of them had been treated with insulin for at least a year before the beginning of SMBG. There was no significant difference between SMBG+ and SMBG-in sex, age, duration of diabetes, duration of insulin treatment and degree of obesity.
Hemoglobin Al of SMBG+ was 10.1±1.6% before the study began and decreased to 9.7±1.2% by the end of the 5-year study. But that of SMBG-was 9.3±1.9% before and significantly increased to 10.4±1.8% by the end of the study (p<0.01). The total insulin dose of SMBG+ was 0.45±0.19 U/kg BW/day before the study and increased to 0.53±0.19 U/kg BW/day by the end of the study (p<0.05). That of SMBG-was 0.40±0.16 U/kg BW/day before the study and increased to 0.46±0.16 U/kg BW/day by the end of the program study (p<0.05). There was a significantly larger number of patients treated with multiple injections of a mixture insulins among SMBG+ than among SMBG-(p<0.01). The number of patients with retinopathy and proteinuria among SMBG+ did not increase. These results suggest that SMBG might be useful in preventing the progress of chronic complications.
In conclusion, this study shows that SMBG could be useful in maintaining glycemic control and in preventing the progress of chronic complications of NIDDM.View full abstractDownload PDF (1048K) -
Toshiyasu Sasaoka1989 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 257-265
Published: April 30, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated the binding characteristics and signal transmission of the uncleaved insulin proreceptor in transformed lymphocytes and cultured fibroblasts from a patient with extreme insulin resistance. Insulin binding was extremely decreased to 20% and 27%, respectively, of the control values. Scatchard analysis revealed that the reduced receptor binidng was due to decreased receptor affinity in both types of cells. An affinity cross-linking study with dithiothreitol treatment revealed that the molecular weight of the insulin receptor was 210 KDa in both kinds of cells from the patient. Since IGF-I binding to the fibroblasts from the patient was normal, the defcet was specific to the insulin receptor. Decreased insulin-stimulated autophosphorylation of the proreceptor was proportional to the decreased insulin binding. In the fibroblasts from the patient, the dose-response curve of insulin-stimulated α-aminoisobutyric acid uptake showed a 5-fold shift to the right (ED50 was 20ng/ml for the patient vs. 3.5ng/ml for the control subjects), but the maximally stimulated uptake was normal. With 0.025% trypsin treatment, the binding abnormalities, autophosphorylation and α-aminoisobutyric acid uptake were all normalized. These results suggest that extreme insulin resistance is exclusively due to uncleavage of the insulin proreceptor, and that the proreceptor has a three-dimensional structural alteration affecting insulin binding but not intramolecular signal transmission. The proreceptor's failure to cleave produces a new disease entity for hormone resistance.View full abstractDownload PDF (6209K) -
Peripheral Nerve LesionsYutaka Mori, Junichi Yokoyama, Hisayoshi Oka, Tsutomu Nohara, Akira Ku ...1989 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 267-272
Published: April 30, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe recently reported a new diabetic strain of rat (WBN/Kob) with endo-exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. In this strain, insulin administration is usually not necessary for survival and the strain can be used for long-term observation. In the present study, we determined the time course of motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) in the tail as the somatic nerve function and morphometric studies of the sciatic nerve were also performed to investigate the peripheral nerve lesions.
In male rats, the MNCV was already significantly lower at the age of 9 months than that in control Wistar rats and it gradually became even lower with advancing age. Morphometrically, diabetic rats aged 17 months showed a marked decrease in density and diameter of myelinated fibers compared with those in control Wistar rats.
The results suggest that WBN/Kob rats are suitable for investigating the pathogenesis of human diabetic neuropathy.View full abstractDownload PDF (3815K) -
A Prospective 30-Month Follow-up StudyM. Nomura, S. Hoshiyama, Y. Matsushima, E. Imano, N. Ishida, R. Kawamo ...1989 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 273-278
Published: April 30, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of protein restriction on the clinical course of diabetic nephropathy was investigated in a prospective study.
Eleven non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy were allocated to this study. Patients were divided into two groups: group 1, a protein-restrictedgroup {n=5, protein (0.8-1.0g/kg standard body weight)}; group 2, a protein-unrestricted group {n=6, protein 70-90g/day or 1.2-1.5g/kg standard body weight}. There were no significant differences between the two groups in age, known duration of DM, FBS, HbA1c, or blood pressure at the beginning of the prospective follow-up study.
During the 30-month follow-up period, there were no significant differences in the degree of control of blood glucose concentration and blood pressure between the two groups. However in group 2, significant increases in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were noted. Interestingly, no significant changes in renal function were noted in group 1.
Although further studies are necessary, this study indicated that protein restriction therapy might be beneficial in preventing the progression of diabetic nephropathy.View full abstractDownload PDF (903K) -
A Study of Mesenteric Vascular PerfusionKatsumi Fujii1989 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 279-284
Published: April 30, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS(A) Diabetes was induced in 7-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats by injection with streptozotocin, and the eicosanoid (PG) production by mesenteric vascular bed perfusion examined. (1) The levels of 6-keto-PGF1α (6KF) and thromboxane B2 (TxB2) increased and the 6KF/TxB2 ratio decreased significantly in diabetic rats compared with non-diabetic control rats. (2) PG production decreased in the diabetic rats with daily insulin treatment compared with untreated diabetic control rats. (3) The levels of TxB2 increased and the 6KF/TxB2 ratio decreased when the glucose concentration in buffer was adjusted to 500 mg/dl. (4) The PG production of diabetic rats was not changed significantly when insulin was added to the buffer. (5) Analysis of the free fatty acid composition of mesenteric vascular tissue showed that 16: 0, 16: 1 and 18: 1n-6 were decreased, while 18: 0, 18: 3n-6, 20: 3n-6, 22: 5n-3 and 22: 6n-3 increased in lhe diabetic rats compared with non-diabetic control rats.
An increase in the production of PG was thus demonstrated in diabetic rats. These observations also suggested that the increased PG production might be associated with insulin deficiency and/or hyperglycemia.View full abstractDownload PDF (972K) -
Tohru Murakami, Junji Oku, Tomio Hayakawa, Tsuneaki Sugimoto1989 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 285-290
Published: April 30, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe report here a case of focal muscle infarction, a rare complication of diabetes. A 52-year-old man with diabetes of 10 years' duration was admitted to Tokyo University Hospital because of painful swelling of the right thigh in May 1987. He had experienced symptoms suggestive of embolization in the lower extremities two weeks prior to the onset of swelling. Physical examination revealed proliferative retinopathy' peripheral neuropathy and autonomic neuropathy (orthostatic hypotension). The mass in the thigh was tender, warm and 10×13cm in size. Laboratory tests were within the normal range except for fasting blood glucose (125mg/dl). The computed tornographic figures of the lesion showed high density areas with the surrounding halo. The mass became smaller with bed rest and was not palpable by late June. The clinical course and computed tomographic findings suggested that the mass was a hematoma secondary to focal muscle infarction.View full abstractDownload PDF (4028K) -
Yoshiyuki Hattori, Kikuo Kasai, Masaki Hiraiwa, Tatsushi Emoto, Shinbu ...1989 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 291-293
Published: April 30, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing cultured endothelial cells from porcine aorta, we studied the effects of glucose and insulin on the release of immunoreactive endothelin (ET), a novel vasoconstrictor. Glucose concentrations of 27.5 and 55 mM inhibited ET release by more than 50%. Insulin (0.2-20ug/ml) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)(1×10-10-1×10-8M) stimulated ET release in a dose dependent manner. Twenty μg/ml of insulin and 1×10-8M of IGF-1 increased the amount of released ET by approximately 40%. These results suggest that ET release from vascular endothelial cells may vary in the presence of diabetes.View full abstractDownload PDF (1868K)
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