The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the effect of constructing and implementing the "Aichi Model for Medical Collaboration" via HbA1c measurement at pharmacies on prevention, early detection, and early treatment of diabetes mellitus. A specimen measurement room was set up at a pharmacy, and the applicants who wished to undergo sampling under the guidance of the pharmacist self-punctured themselves and measured their blood HbA1c. Based on the rules for setting up the "Aichi Model for Medical Collaboration", pharmacists informed the examinees of the measurement results and recommended they undergo medical examinations at medical institutions when appropriate. The results showed that 498 subjects (average age 47.2 years old) had an average HbA1c of 5.5 %. Among the 92 people (18.6 %) with an HbA1c of ≥6.0 %, 72 (14.5 %) consulted a medical institution. Of the 37 cases that were able to be followed up, 16 consulted a medical institution and started treatment, and the average HbA1c before consultation was 7.0 %, but the confirmed HbA1c significantly improved to 6.5 %. The implementation of the "Aichi Model for Medical Cooperation" by measuring samples at a local pharmacy may lead to the early detection and early treatment of diabetes. We would like to study the cost-effectiveness of this model in the future.

A 38-year-old man had been diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection at 31 years old and started on antiretroviral therapy (ART). After 29 months, he became positive for GAD antibody (7.2 U/mL: RIA). After 78 months, he was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. A 64-year-old man had been diagnosed with HIV infection at 63 years old and started on ART. Fifteen months later, he became positive for GAD antibody (12.5 U/mL; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]) and was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. A 53-year-old man had been diagnosed with HIV infection at 40 years old and started on ART. Thirteen years later, he became positive for GAD antibody (18 U/mL; ELISA) and was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. These cases show that preceding viral infection and environmental factors leading to endoplasmic reticulum stress of pancreatic β cells are associated with the onset of type 1 diabetes after ART. Furthermore. previously reported cases also suggested that the use of anti-HIV drugs associated with the development of type 2 diabetes and the possession of general disease susceptibility haplotypes of type 1 diabetes are related to the development of type 1 diabetes after ART.

Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, schools were closed from March to the end of May 2020 in Fukuoka Prefecture. We experienced two cases of new-onset diabetes with delayed consultation during school closure. Case 1 was a 13-year-old girl who had felt fatigued since March 2020 and had a fever, thirst, and polydipsia since April 2020. She consulted a health center but was instructed to undergo observation at home. Four days later, her general condition deteriorated, and she was admitted to our department with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetic ketoacidosis. Case 2 was a 14-year-old boy who had been staying in his room while his school was closed. His parents were aware that he was drinking more soft drinks than usual. In May, he consulted a hospital due to a fever and was found to have weight loss. He was transferred to our hospital with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, diabetic ketosis and bacteremia. During the COVID-19 pandemic, children were isolated due to school closure and encouraged to stay home. Under such conditions, some new-onset diabetic patients may have experienced a delay in medical consultation. It is important to widely educate the public about diabetes and encourage appropriate hospital consultations through awareness campaigns.

The Committee to promote diversity of diabetes medical professionals and researchers of the Japan Diabetes Society conducted a questionnaire survey to clarify the current circumstances and issues surrounding medical professionals who care for diabetic patients. The survey targeted all society members and obtained answers from 2,284 of 17,802 society members. In this survey 84.5 % of participants performed team medical care for diabetes treatment. As team medical care, 60.1 % provided "foot care", 54.3 % provided "medical instruction to prevent dialysis in diabetes", and 25.9 % provided "prevention and management of sarcopenia". We look forward to future change in the prevention and management of sarcopenia. Among the respondents 62.6 % gained the qualification of Certified Diabetes Educator of Japan (CDEJ), and 25.5 % gained the qualification of Certified Diabetes Educator of Local (CDEL). Among the respondents, 8.9 % reported that "I acquired CDEJ, but I did not update it", while 11.7 % reported "I acquired CDEL, but I did not update it". The update rate was high among society members who held the qualification. Among the respondents, 76.6 % reported that "I gave a presentation at a meeting", "I performed a clinical study. " was 57.0 %, and 37.9 % reported "I published an article". We considered that we, as an academic society, could support medical professions. A significantly higher percentage of female respondents answered yes to the question, "Have you experienced the difficulty in relation to gender aspects at work?". Accordingly, further studies are necessary to investigate the influence of gender in the workplace.