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Volume 31, Issue 8
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Ihfluence of the Autonomic Nervous System on Diabetic RetinopathyYasuhiro Sakamoto, Shojiro Ishimoto, Tsuguhisa Isa, Norimitsu Aoki, Go ...1988 Volume 31 Issue 8 Pages 671-679
Published: August 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe eye has a dual vascular supply: the uveal vessels and the retinal vessels. It is thought that the uveal vessels are innervated by the adrenergic nerves, but the general medical opinion is that there is no such innervation in the retinal vessels. The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between electroretinograms and autonomic nerve disturbance in diabetics. In part I of the study, the effects of stellate ganglion block (SGB) were evaluated in eight diabetic patients using electroretinogram (ERG). After 45 minutes of SGB, the latency peak times of O1 and O2 oscillatory potentials on ERG were significantly improved. These results showed that the ERG is under the influence of the autonomic nervous system.
In part II of the study, ERG and R-R interval variations in ECG, a parameter of parasympathetic nervous dysfunction, were measured in 103 diabetics, and the relationship between them examined. Significant negative correlations were obtained between the latency peak times of oscillatory potentials and R-R interval variations in diabetics with retinopathy, but there were no correlations in diabetics without retinopathy. These results indicate that diabetic retinopathy is closely related to diabetic autonomic neuropathy.View full abstractDownload PDF (1257K) -
Yuri Ono, Satoshi Tsushima, Kazushi Misawa, Mamoru Kudoh, Shoichi Naka ...1988 Volume 31 Issue 8 Pages 681-688
Published: August 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe final clinical objective for patients with diabetes is to control the worsening of diabetic microangiopathy, such as retinopathy. From the clinical viewpoint, however, retinopathy has often been observed to worsen in patients with long-term diabetes after blood glucose control and ophthalmologic operations. To clarify the causes of worsening retinopathy, the pathologic condition of patients with diabetes during and after blood glucose control and ophthalmologic operations was investigated in relation to the blood platelet aggregation rate and arachidonate cascade.
The subjects consisted of 22 patients with diabetes who underwent blood glucose control and nine who received cataract operations (11 eyes). Blood sampling was performed after blood glucose control in the former group and before, during, and after operation in the latter group. Platelet aggregation induced by ADP, collagen, PAF and epinephrine; TXB2; 6-keto PGF1α, and blood viscosity were measured.
1) During blood glucose control, platelet aggregation induced by ADP, collagen, PAF and epinephrine increased. 2) During operations, platelet aggregation decreased significantly, and then began to increase, eventually surpassing the pre-operative level by the following day. Both TXB2 and 6-keto PGF1α exhibited insignificant increases during operations; the TX/6-keto PGF1α ratio decreased. 3) In cases with high pre-operative platelet aggregation, funduscopic findings tended to worsen. 4) The above findings are assumed to be related to the frequent occurrence among patients with diabetes of worsening retinopathy after intensive blood glucose control or operations.View full abstractDownload PDF (1206K) -
Kiyoshi Kunihiro, Shiro Noguchi, Nobuo Murakami, Ryoji Kato, Yasuhiro ...1988 Volume 31 Issue 8 Pages 689-692
Published: August 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe HbA1c level in patients with Graves' disease was determined and compared with the results of the 75g OGTT. The data were as follows.
1) The HbA1c level in patients with Graves' disease was significantly higher than that in healthy subjects (5.2±0.8% vs 4.7±0.5%, p<0.01).
2) There was a significant correlation between HbA1c level and fasting plasma glucose level (r= 0.67, p<0.001), and the HbA1c level was correlated with the severity of glucose intolerance in the 75g OGTT.
3) Although there was no correlation between the HbA1c level and serum triiodothyronine (FT3) level, the HbA1c level decreased significantly when the euthyroid state was attained after treatment for Graves' disease.
These data suggest that determination of the HbA1c level is useful to evaluate disordered glucose metabolism in patients with Graves' disease.View full abstractDownload PDF (493K) -
Effect of Dexamethasone on the Synthesis and Degradation of Insulin Receptor mRNA in Cultured IM-9 CellsNorimichi Iwama1988 Volume 31 Issue 8 Pages 693-700
Published: August 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGlucocorticoid acts to increase the number of insulin receptors on the surface of human cultured lymphocytes. However, there has been little information on the effect of glucocorticoid on the synthesis and degradation of insulin recepter mRNA.
In this study, the effect of glucocorticoid (dexamethasone) on the synthesis and degradation of insulin receptor mRNA was examined in the IM-9 cell line by dot blot hybridization analysis using a human insulin receptor cDNA probe (phINSR 13-1).
The following results were obtained:
1) After 24-hour culture with 10-6 M of dexamethasone, the number of insulin receptors of IM-9 cells was found to increase by 50%.
2) Insulin receptor mRNA was found to increase in a dose-and time-dependent manner during 24-hour culture with dexamethasone.
3) After the addition of actinomycin-D, which is known to inhibit the synthesis of RNA, insulin receptor mRNA levels from the cells cultured with dexamethasone were found to decrease at the same rate as those from cells cultured without dexamethasone. There were no significant differences in T1/2 of degradation of insulin receptor mRNA with (4.7±0.8 hours) or without (5.2±0.8 hours) dexamethasone.
These results suggest that glucocorticoid acts to increase de novo synthesis of insulin receptor mRNA.View full abstractDownload PDF (3054K) -
Shinya Oohagi, Kishio Nanjo, Tokunori Kawaguchi, Kazuhiko Nakai, Masah ...1988 Volume 31 Issue 8 Pages 701-707
Published: August 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe studied the incidences of islet cell surface antibodies (ICSA) and anti-thyroidal antibodies (ATA) in 49 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients, 127 non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients and 112 healthy subjects. In addition, the 75g oral glucose tolerance test was performed in 60 subjects aged 70 years or more. ICSA were determined by indirect immunofluorescence technique as previously described by Lernmark.
The incidence of ICSA was highest in IDDM with a duration of 1 year or less (50%). The ICSA positive rate, like the ATA positive rate, increased in NIDDM patients and healthy subjects with aging, while no relationship between the ICSA positive rate and glucose intolerance was noted in the aged subjects.
These findings led us to consider that the ICSA frequently found in aged subjects differ from those found in the early stage of IDDM and do not give rise to impairment in islet cells, strongly suggesting a possible heterogeneity of ICSA.View full abstractDownload PDF (1087K) -
Makoto Nomura, Masafumi Naitou, Norimichi Iwama, Masashi Kubota, Mitsu ...1988 Volume 31 Issue 8 Pages 709-714
Published: August 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is difficult to diagnose and treat pulmonary fungal infections because these patients usually have severe complications such as malignant disease, are in a reduced immunocompetent state, or have other severe infections. We experienced two cases with different pulmonary fungal infections and exacerbated diabetes mellitus. At admission, they had lost about 10kg in body weight in a short time and their diabetic control was poor.
In both cases, when no improvement of pulmonary infiltrations was achieved by treatment with antibiotics, antifungal medications were immediately started. At the same time, strict blood glucose control was attempted with multiple insulin injection therapy. After one to three months, the patients improved.
In these cases, exacerbated and poorly controlled diabetes might have been a trigger for the fungal infections, probably because of decreased cellular or humoral immunity, as already reported by others.View full abstractDownload PDF (2303K) -
Shoji Kawazu, Kiyohiko Negishi, Masao Suzuki, Jun Ishii, Toshikazu Yam ...1988 Volume 31 Issue 8 Pages 715-718
Published: August 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe plasma concentrations of 1, 5-anhydro-D-glucitol (1, 5-AG) were determined in normal subjects, and in patients with renal glucosuria and with diabetes mellitus (9-18 years old), as diagnosed by oral glucose tolerance test.
No sex-or age-related differences in the concentrations of plasma 1, 5-AG were noted in normal subjects. The plasma 1, 5-AG level in patients with diabetes mellitus with marked glycosuria was significantly lower than that in normal subjects. Moreover, significant reduction of plasma 1, 5-AG was also found in patients with renal glycosuria without glucose intolerance.
Significant negative correlation was also observed between fasting plasma 1, 5-AG and Σ urinary glucose excretion during the oral glucose tolerance test.
These results suggest that the reduction of plasma 1, 5-AG concentration may be caused by the increased excretion of urinary glucose, due to concomitant excretion of 1, 5-AG in urine.View full abstractDownload PDF (513K)
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