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Volume 40, Issue 2
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Hiroyoshi Morikawa, Hiroko Morikawa, Kanji Izumi, Yasunori Kanazawa1997 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 87-90
Published: February 28, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: March 02, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (3178K) -
Hitoshi Kawai1997 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 91-97
Published: February 28, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: March 02, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aim of this study is to clarify whether the scavenging activity of reactive oxygen species in glomeruli is attenuated in diabetes. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) degrading activity was directly evaluated in glomeruli isolated from rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes of eight weeks duration and age-matched control rats. In addition, alterations in the glutathione redox cycle were investigated in glomeruli isolated from each group.
Total H2O2 degradation activities in glomeruli isolated from STZ-diabetic rats were lower than those from control rats. At the lower H2O2 concentration (10μM), glomerular glutathione-dependent H2O2 degradation was impaired, while catalase-dependent degradation activities were reduced at the higher H2O2 concentration (20, 80μM) in diabetic rats. It was also observed that glomerular glutathione peroxidase activities were elevated in diabetic rats, whereas glutathione reductase activities were reduced. Although no demonstrable differences were seen in the content of glomerular reduced glutathione between the two groups, glutathione disulfide was decreased in diabetic rats.
From these results, it is concluded that H2O2 scavenging activities in glomeruli isolated from STZ-diabetic rats are impaired, possibly due to decreased catalase activity and/or glutathione redox cycle alterations.View full abstractDownload PDF (1103K) -
Hideki Taki, Atsunori Kashiwagi, Yoshihiko Nishio, Ryuichi Kikkawa, Ki ...1997 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 99-107
Published: February 28, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: March 02, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo elucidate the existence of oxidative stress in diabetic vascular tissue, we measured not only lipid hydroperoxides and heme oxygenase (HO) mRNA content, but also the mRNA content of various antioxidative enzymes in the aorta of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The antioxidative enzymes in which the mRNA content was measured in the present study included Cu, Znsuperoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and catalase. The lipid hydroperoxide content detected by FOX assay in 24-wk-diabetic rats was increased 2.1-fold (P<0.05) when compared with that of the control. Furthermore, the HO mRNA content was also increased in not only 4-wk-diabetic rats (1.6-fold), but also 24-wk-diabetic rats (2.4-fold). Similarly, the catalase mRNA content was also increased in both 4-wk-and 24-wk-diabetic rats (1.6-fold, 4.4-fold, respectively) when compared with the control rats. These abnormal expressions of various genes in diabetic rats were prevented by the 4-wk-insulin treatment. In contrast, SOD or GPX mRNA content of aortic tissue there was no difference between normal and diabetic rats in either. These results indicate that the diabetic condition induces an alteration of gene expression, which is associated with oxidative stress in the aorta.View full abstractDownload PDF (3529K) -
Hiroko Shimomura, Tokio Sanke, Setsuya Sakagashira, Shinya Ohagi, Kish ...1997 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 109-114
Published: February 28, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: March 02, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecently, we reported that a simple tandem repeat DNA polymorphism (2G allele) of the skeletal muscle glycogen synthase gene was positively associated with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in the Japanese population.
In this study, we confirmed the association and investigated the clinical characteristics of NIDDM patients with the 2G allele. We compared the prevalence of chronic diabetic complications, such as hypertension diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy in the duration of diabetes in two matched NIDDM groups, with or without the 2G allele. In contrast to the almost identical frequency of hypertension and retinopathy in the two groups, that of nephropathy (continuous proteinuria) was significantly higher in the group with the 2G allele than in that without it (30.8% vs 12.7%, p<0.01) Therefore, we also investigated the degrees of proteinuria in four subgroups classified by the presence or absence of retinopathy or the 2G allele. The frequency of continuous proteinuria was significantly higher in the subgroup which has both retinopathy and the 2G allele. We also investigated the 2G allele frequency in patients with hemodialysis (HD) for either diabetic nephropathy or chronic nephritis. The 2G allele was found more frequently in the HD patients with diabetic nephropathy than in those without it (27% vs 13.8%, p<0.01) and this exceeds the frequency of the 2G allele in nonHD NIDDM patients (20.0%). In conclusion, the 2G allele of the muscle glycogen synthase gene is associated with diabetic nephropathy in the Japanese population.View full abstractDownload PDF (1022K) -
Masaaki Hasegawa, Hiroshi Maegawa, Atsunori Kashiwagi, Satoshi Sugai, ...1997 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 115-122
Published: February 28, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo determine the physiological roles of SHPTP2 in vivo, we made dominant negative transgenic (Tg) mice that express only two SH2domains of SHPTP2. The 16 Tg mice out of 230 FO offspring were identified by Southern blot analysis. The transgene product (MW 28 kDa) was expressed in all tissues including 3 insulin-sensitive tissues (skeletal muscle, liver and adipose tissue) to regulate in vivo glucose homeostasis. When we examined 2 lines of Tg mice (S6 and S161), there was no difference in the phenotype or growth rate between Tg and non-Tg mice. However, plasma insulin levels after 4-hr fasting in the morning were higher in Tg mice (S6: Tg 142±14μU/ml vs non-Tg 42±6μU/ml, S161: Tg 106±15μU/ml vs non-Tg 45±8μU/ml (mean±SE), p<0.01), although blood glucoselevels were not different. These data suggest that our Tg mice are a possible new animal model for elucidating the mechanism of insulin resistance.View full abstractDownload PDF (3137K) -
Kazunari Matsumoto, Mayumi Yano, Yasuyo Abe, You-ichi Matsunaga, Jun M ...1997 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 123-128
Published: February 28, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: March 02, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe experienced a ease of diabetic ketoaeidosis with thyroid sto m, and discuss the pathophysiology of this case in this report.
A 43-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of semicoma, fever and vomiting.She had had untreated Graves' diseasefor 13 years. After exuess food and soft drink consumption, she developed a thyroid storm and diabetic ketoacidosis simultaneously. She was treated with an anti-thyroid drug, a beta-blocking agent, sodium iodide, hydrocortisone and continuous low-dose intravenous insulin, A family history of non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM), a past history of probable gestational diabetes and thepresense of proliferative retinopathy were observed. Autoantibodies to islet and glutamic auid deuarboxylase were negative, and her HLA typing showed DR8 and DR14. lnsulin secretion after glucagon loading and the urinary C-peptide concentration were low butnot negative. According to the clinical characteristics described above, we diagnosed her condition as NIDDM. During her clinicalcourse, excess thyroid hormone, reduced lnsulin secretion due to chronic hyperglycemia, and excess soft drink consumption were suggested as playing important roles in the development of diabetic ketoacidosis.View full abstractDownload PDF (863K) -
1997 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 129-144
Published: February 28, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: March 02, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (3820K)
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