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Volume 31, Issue 2
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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[in Japanese]1988 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 97
Published: February 29, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (187K) -
Takaichi Miyakawa, Tomofumi Fujisaki, Eiko Sato, Akira Matsuo, Shun Is ...1988 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 99-107
Published: February 29, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo assess the pathogenesis of chylomicronemia in diabetes mellitus, we have studied 10 diabetic patients with fasting chylomicronemia. Chylomicronemia in diabetes mellitus can be categorized into 2 groups.
Group 1: Four patients without genetic forms of hypertriglyceridemia. When they were treated with insulin, the plasma triglyceride concentrations fell rapidly in a logarithmic manner with a disapperance rate (k) of 1.23±0.72/day. Hyperlipidemia in these patients followed a typical course of diabetic lipemia.
Group 2: Six of the ten patients studied seemed to have a familial form of hyperlipidemia. Plasma triglyceride concentrations in this group also fell in a logarithmic manner (k = 0.16±0.02/day), however, the k values were significantly smaller than those of group 1 patients. The cause of chylomicronemia in group 2 may be attributed to a combination of the following: 1. Excessive food intake and alcohol consumption which increase hepatic VLDL production. 2. Defective removal of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins due to decreased lipoprotein lipase activity.
It is concluded that chylomicronemia developed in diabetes is heterogeneous in its pathogenesis.View full abstractDownload PDF (3205K) -
Yoshiharu Oshida, Yuzo Sato, Akihisa Iguchi, Kazumasa Uemura, Setsuro ...1988 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 109-115
Published: February 29, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe endocrine and metabolic effects in 17 diabetic patients and healthy controls were examined under hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) of 2 atmospheres absolute for 75 minutes. Plasma glucose, FFA, glycerol, pyruvate, lactate, insulin and glucagon levels were determined during HBO every 15 minutes.
In diabetic patients, plasma glucose and glucagon levels was significantly decreased after initiation of HBO (p<0.05-0.005). There were no significant changes in other plasma metabolites or insulin concentrations.
In healthy controls, plasma lactate levels significantly diminished after start of HBO (p<0.05-0.01). Compared with pre-HBO levels, plasma glucose concentrations were increased and plasma glucagon concentrations were decreased although not significantly. There were no significant changes in other plasma metabolites or insulin concentrations.
These results suggest that under HBO, plasma glucose levels significantly decrease in diabetic patients while they tend to increase in healthy controls. Further investigation, such as insulin sensitivity or gluconeogenesis in liver, is required.View full abstractDownload PDF (944K) -
Yasuko Matsumoto, Shinzo Ishibashi, Kazuyo Mito, Chikako Ito1988 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 117-124
Published: February 29, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo methods of screening for diabetes mellitus were used in a recent mass survey which checked the efficiency of random urine sugar testing and set standard values using random blood glucose levels. Urine sugar, urine ascorbic acid (A.A.) and blood glucose levels (BG) were measured in 21, 560 examinees, 781 of whom also had 75 g GTT, within one month. The results were as follows:
1) Except for cases under treatment for diabetes mellitus, the prevalence rate of glycosuria was 6.9% in males and 2.2% in females. The rate was almost the same between these with urinary A. A.≥20 mg/dl and these with a value <10 mg/dl. It is thus unnecessary to consider the influence of urinary A. A. levels at the time of mass survey for diabetes mellitus using the urine sugar test.
2) Using the results of the distribution of BG levels in the non-glycosuric group, standard BG levels at screening for diabetes mellitus were 130 mg/dl at 0.5-1 hr., 120 mg/dl at 1.5-2.0 hrs., and 110 mg/dl at 2.5-3.0 hrs. after eating, and 100 mg/dl at fasting or over 3.5 hrs. after eating.
3) The false negative rate was 0.3% in males and 2.0% in females when the screening test was conducted using only random urine sugar, but using random BG levels according to the above mentioned standard BG levels, the rates were 0 % and 1.4% in the two groups.
4) Though the screening test using urine sugar after eating was a good method, the random blood sugar test including fasting was more effective.View full abstractDownload PDF (1280K) -
Tsutomu Kazumi, Gen Yoshino, Shigeaki Baba, Mladen Vranic, George Stei ...1988 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 125-131
Published: February 29, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of chronic, exogenous hyperinsulinemia on very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-triglyceride (TG) kinetics were studied in rats given porcine insulin subcutaneously for 2 weeks. To prevent severe hypoglycemia, they were allowed free access to sucrose solution. Therefore, two control groups were needed: chow only and crow plus sucrose. Feeding sucrose into normal rats produced an increase in serum concentrations of glucose (by 21%), insulin (by 142%) and TG (by 46%), but there was no change in the rate of TG secretion into the circulation. These findings suggest that dietary sucrose causes impairment of TG removal from the circulation. Injecting insulin into sucrose-fed rats resulted in marked hyperinsulinemia and a concomitant fall in serum glucose below the levels of both control groups. Their TG secretion rates were increased by 30% compared with the two control groups, but their TG concentrations were 50% lower than those of sucrose-fed rats. This indicated that hyperinsulinemia stimulated TG removal more than TG secretion into the circulation. The present study demonstrates that chronic, exogenous hyperinsulinemia, either directly or indirectly, stimulates VLDL-TG kinetics in the rat.View full abstractDownload PDF (1046K) -
Yooichiro Miyai1988 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 133-141
Published: February 29, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo investigate the biological effects of human insulin antibody, the effects of insulin antibody on the conversion of 2-3H-glucose were studied in isolated rat adipocytes.
Human insulin antibody was highly purified from the serum of an insulin-resistant diabetic patient, whose resistance was caused by insulin antibody, by using monocomponent insulin as the affinity chromatographic ligand. All studies were performed with less than 50μg/ml of IgG, a concentration at which pooled normal IgG did not affect glucose conversion in preliminary testing. At a concentration of 1.6μg/ml, the antibody suppressed the insulin effect on glucose conversion when insulin was present (p<0.01 or p<0.001). At the concentrations of 0.01 and 0.001μg/ml, the antibody stimulated glucose conversion when insulin was absent (p<0.02 or p<0.01). This stimulatory effect of antibody at 0.01 and 0.001μg/ml remained after trypsin treatment of the adipocytes (p<0.02 and p<0.02). The stimulatory effect without insulin was accompanied by an increase in the binding affinity of insulin receptors.
The results suggest that insulin antibodies act differently in diabetic patients with insulin resistance caused by insulin antibody, yielding a direct insulin-like stimulatory effect, as well as affecting the inhibition and the enhancement of insulin activity, as previously reported.View full abstractDownload PDF (1336K) -
Chizuko Ohboshi, Meisei Hirota, Ichiro Shimizu, Kenji Shima1988 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 143-147
Published: February 29, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe contents and molecular sizes of glucagon-like peptide-1 immunoreactivity (GLP-1 IR), glucagon. immunoreactivity (GI), and glucagon-like immunoreactivity (GLI) in rat tissues were studied by radioimmunoassay.
Although GLP-1 IR, GI, and GL1 were all found in the highest concentrations in the pancreas, GLP-1 IR and GLI were also widely distributed throughout the intestinal tracts. In the pancreas, GLP-1 IR mainly consisted of a large molecular form of immunoreactivity (MW ca. 13, 500) and GLP-1 (1-37). In contrast, only a small molecular form of GLP-1 (7-37 or 7-36 amide) was found in the jejunum, ileum, and colon.View full abstractDownload PDF (686K) -
Akira Kubo1988 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 149-155
Published: February 29, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to clarify the etiology of diabetic microangiopathy specificially in reference to platelet activity, the intra-platelet substances, β-thromboglobulin (β-TG) and platelet factor-4 (PF-4) were studied in 48 male diabetic patients.
Diabetic patients and non-diabetic control subjects were divided among the following four groups according to their degree of retinopathy: Group A, 16 control subjects; group B, 33 diabetic patients without or with on background retinopathy; group C, 7 diabetic patients with preproliferative or proliferative retinopathy without progress, and group D, 8 diabetic patients with preproliferative or proliferative retinopathy with progress.
Plasma concentration and intraplatelet contents of β-TG and PF-4, and increment of plasma PF-4 after i. v. heparin of group B were identical to those of control group A. There was a significant difference between group A and C in plasma β-TG (29.0±13.0 ng/ml vs 51.4±25.9 ng/ml, p<0.05) and in plasma PF-4 (8.5±4.8 ng/ml vs 21.1±11. 2 ng/ml, p<0.01), but no difference was found in plasma PF-4 concentration after i. v. heparin.
In group D, plasma β-TG (21.0±5.3 ng/ml) and plasma PF-4 (4.5±1.9 ng/ml) were low. Intraplatelet β-TG (29.8±4.6 pg/platelet) and intraplatelet PF-4 (11.2±0.9 pg/platelet) were depleted. A type of acquired storage pool deficiency is postulated primarily in group D and to a lesser extent in group C.
Although plasma β-TG and PF-4 were low in group D, the increment of plasma PF-4 after i. v. heparin was the highest. This suggests involvement of endothelial cells releasing PF-4. Platelet activity is considered to be different depending upon progressive or non-progressive retinopathy, as well as the activity of endothelial cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (1182K) -
Shigeki Fujii, Masayuki Matsushita, Michiko Hayakawa, Hiroshi Takagi, ...1988 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 157-162
Published: February 29, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAcute muscular syndrome with transient muscular symptoms and elevation of serum levels of CPK, LDH, GOT and GPT occurred in two 58-year-old female patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus when clofibrate was used for glucose intolerance, because of its effect on insulin receptors or the post-receptor mechanism.
Case 1, complicated with chronic renal failure, complained of bilateral calf myalgia 6 days after the initial clofibrate administration at a dose of 1.5 g daily. Then serum levels of enzymes originating from the muscles increased abruptly and the fasting plasma glucose level was elevated from 188 to 506 mg/dl. However, these symptoms disappeared quickly after 2 days and the increased enzyme levels returned to the normal range within 10 days after the cessation of clofibrate treatment. A muscle biopsy disclosed scattered atrophic muscle cells. Finally, combined therapy of insulin and low-dose (500 mg) clofibrate enabled a stable daily profile of glucose levels and improvement of hyperlipidemia without re-elevation of enzyme levels.
Case 2, who was under continuous subcutaneous insulin injection, had the same syndrome induced by clofibrate. In spite of continued clofibrate administration, the symptoms and abnormal enzme levels resolved completely and good control of glucose metabolism was achieved without insulin injections.View full abstractDownload PDF (2976K) -
Keiko Iseki, Yasue Omori, Meimi Shimizu, Keiko Azuma, Rima Akihisa, Yu ...1988 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 163-168
Published: February 29, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe outcome of pregnancies in diabetics without complication have improved dramatically, but the maternal and fetal risks in complicated cases such as nephropathy remain high. We report a pregnant insulin-dependent diabetic whose case was complicated by nephropathy associated with pyelonephritis and hypertension, who delivered a 511 g premature infant in the 27th week of gestation.
The 27-years-old woman suffered the onset of diabetes mellitus at 9 years of age and had continuous proteinuria at 25. She also had pyelonephritis and was refred to us in the 16th week of gestation because of hyperglycemia. After admission, she was given the intensified conventional insulin treatment and antibiotic agent upon which her blood glucose level improved to almost normal and inflammation disappeared. The maternal hypertention and renal function progressively worsened and fetal growth retardation was suspected. Signs of fetal distress appeared in the 27th week of gestatin and a Caesarean section was done. After delivery, the maternal blood pressure and renal function were stabilized. The infant is developing well and weighed 1, 600 g at the age of 5 months.View full abstractDownload PDF (919K) -
Toshiko Nagata, Yukihisa Umeda, Masaya Urakami, Mitsuo Inada1988 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 169-171
Published: February 29, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe activities of urinary dipeptidyl aminopeptidase iv (U-DAP IV) and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (U-NAG) were determined in 11 non-insulin dependent diabetics (NIDDM) without proteinuria (DP (-)), 6 NIDDM with proteinuria (DP (+)), 27 patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 15 normal controls. We evaluated only subjects in their forties to minimize the influence of the age factor.
U-DAP IV levels in DP (+), DP (-), and IGT patients (34.5±31.6, 11.8±5.3, 7.2±1.4μmol/mg. creatinine, mean±SD, respectively) were significantly higher than that in controls (5.7±0.8). On the contrary, the U-NAG level in DP (+) was significantly higher than that in controls, but there was no significant difference in U-NAG level between controls and DP (-) or IGT.
In IGT, DP (-), and DP (+), significant correlations were found between U-DAP IV and U-NAG levels. Six of 27 1GT (22%), four of 11 DP (-)(36%), and two of six DP (+)(33%) showed normal U-NAG and high U-DAP IV levels, but none had normal U-DAP IV and high U-NAG levels.
These results suggest that the determination of U-DAP IV may be more useful than that of U-NAG for the early detection of diabetic glomerulopathy.View full abstractDownload PDF (425K) -
1988 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 173-183
Published: February 29, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (2134K)
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