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Volume 31, Issue 10
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Shunichi Murano, Kohji Shirai, Yasushi Saito, Sho Yoshida1988 Volume 31 Issue 10 Pages 781-786
Published: October 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe report that secretion of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) from the liver is regulated by the central nervous system. To elucidate the mechanism of regulation, we studied the effects of various neural factors on VLDL secretion from primary cultured rat hepatocytes.
Primary cultured rat hepatocytes were prepared from the liver of male Wistar rats (body weight 250g) by the collagenase method. Lipid fractions in these cells were labeled by preincubation with C14-acetate or C14-palmitate. VLDL secretion was measured as the amount of phosphotungstateprecipitable radioactivity in the medium, after incubation of cells in the presence of catecholamines or acetylcholine.
Thirty percent of VLDL secretion from hepatocytes was suppressed by the addition of epinephrine or norepinephrine, but not by acetylcholine or isoproterenol. The suppressive effect of epinephrine was not observed when the cells were preincubated with phenoxybenzamine.
The results suggest that VLDL secretion from hepatocytes is regulated by sympathetic nervees through α-adrenergic receptors.View full abstractDownload PDF (1779K) -
Tsutomu Kazumi, Shigeaki Baba, Mladen Vranic, George Steiner1988 Volume 31 Issue 10 Pages 787-792
Published: October 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of continuous insulin infusion on very low density lipoprotein triglyceride kinetics were compared with those of the previously reported injection model in rats. Insulin infusion was achieved by subcutaneous implantation of an osmotic minipump which delivered insulin at a constant rate (6U porcine insulin/day) for 14 days. In the injection model, NPH insulin was given subcutaneously for 14 days twice daily in incrementally increasing doses from 0.5 to 6 U per day. Insulintreated rats received chow plus 10% sucrose in their drinking water in order to avoid profound hypoglycemia. Two control groups, therefore, were needed: chow only and chow plus the same amount of sucrose. Results in the insulin-injected rats were similar to those previously reported: an increase in the rate of triglyceride secretion, a minimal decrease in serum triglyceride, and a 50% decrease in serum glucose and FFA, suggesting that triglyceride removal from the circulation was stimulated more than triglyceride secretion into the circulation in these rats. Insulin infusion produced the same increase in the secretion rate of triglyceride in the face of a decrease, although less pronounced, in serum FFA, suggesting that the majority of triglyceride fatty acids came from a source other than FFA. The infusion model, however, differed from the injection model in producing an elevation in serum triglyceride. This suggests that triglyceride removal was not stimulated in the infusion model as much as in the injection model. It appeared unlikely that changes in triglyceride kinetics were caused by an increase in counter-regulatory hormones, because there was no hypoglycemia in the infusion model.View full abstractDownload PDF (2483K) -
Masaki Ishihara, Toshio Shinoda, Toshihide Shirota, Yoshitaka Nagasawa ...1988 Volume 31 Issue 10 Pages 793-800
Published: October 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUric acid metabolism was studied in 276 non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) patients and in 44 normal subjects. Compared with normal subjects, 204 non-proteinuric NIDDM patients had a significantly lower serum uric acid level (male: 5.21±1.33mg/dl vs 6.52±1.48, p<0.001; female: 4.57±1.17 vs 5.37±1.24, p<0.01). In these patients, uric acid level was inversely correlated to 2-h postprandial plasma glucose level (male: r=-0.239, p<0.05; female: r=-0.208, p<0.05). The indices of renal function of 100 non-proteinuric NIDDM patients and normal controls were compared. With respect to blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, creatinine clearance (Ccr), urinary uric acid excretion rate and urine volume, no significant difference was found between these two groups. Only the uric acid clearance (Curate) was higher in non-proteinuric NIDDM patiens than in normal controls (male: 5.90±3.37ml/min/1.48m2 vs 4.43±1.64, p<0.05; female: 6.77±3.39 vs 4.93±2.50, p<0.05). In 72 proteinuric NIDDM patients, serum level and urinary excretion of uric acid were investigated. Although the proteinuric patients, whether or not they received diuretics, had a higher uric acid level than the non-proteinuric patients, Cuarte/Ccr was inversely correlated to Ccr in these proteinuric and non-proteinuric patients. Thesse data indicate that serum uric acid level in non-proteinuric NIDDM patients is significantly lower than in normal subjects and is chiefly caused by inreased Curate in NIDDM patients.View full abstractDownload PDF (1181K) -
In Relation to Pancreatic B Cell Function and HLA AntigensMasao Suzuki, Shoji Kawazu, Kiyohiko Negishi, Toshiro Watanabe, Asanor ...1988 Volume 31 Issue 10 Pages 801-808
Published: October 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe overall prevalence of ICSA was 14.8%(21/142) in NIDDM and 21.3%(16/75) in IDDM. There were no significant differences in the overall prevalence of microsomal antibodies, sex, body mass index or age at onset between ICSA-positive and ICSA-negative NIDDM. Nine out of the 21 ICSA-positive NIDDM became insulin-dependent 1-3 years later. The urinary C-peptide/creatinine (U-CPR/U-Cr) level (mean±SE) in ICSA-positive NIDDM (44.0±5.5μg/g; n=20) was significantly (p<0.05) lower than that in ICSA-negtive NIDDM (64.1±4.3μg/g; n=48). The U-CPR/U-Cr level in ICSA-positive NIDDM decreased significantly (p<0.05) 1-3 years later. High frequencies of HLA-B7 and-DRw 9 were observed in ICSA-positive NIDDM.
Thus, in some NIDDM, pancreatic B cell function gradually deteriorated in relation to ICSA and certain HLA types.View full abstractDownload PDF (2259K) -
Under and Over the Age of 18Toshika Otani, Yuko Higami, Tadasu Kasahara, Hiroki Yokoyama, Kenshi Y ...1988 Volume 31 Issue 10 Pages 809-811
Published: October 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe incidence of retinopathy was examined in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes who had been diagnosed as having diabetes when under the age of 25 and referred to the Diabetes Center of Tokyo Women's Medical College in 1986. These patients were divided into two groups of 40 diabetics: one group under the age of 18 and one over. Both groups were matched for sex, duration of diabetes and mean HbA1 values during a 6-year period.
The incidence of simple retinopathy was significantly higher in patients over 18 (40.0%) than in those under 18 (7.5%)(p<0.005). No patients under 18 had proliferative retinopathy; however, 2.5% of those over 18 showed proliferative retinopathy. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the prevention of retinopathy in insulin-dependent diabetics over the age of 18.View full abstractDownload PDF (2214K) -
Osamu Mizuno1988 Volume 31 Issue 10 Pages 813-819
Published: October 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA 60-year-old man with hypertension (HT) and diabetes mellitus (DM) was admitted because of general fatigue. On admission, abdominal bruits were audible. Hyponatremia (118 mEq/l), hypokalemia (3.0 mEq/l) and hyperreninemia (>25 ng/ml/hr) were found. Blood pressure did not fall in spite of the administration of methyldopa and nifedipine. DM was contolled by subcutaneous injection of Insulin Human (Humulin N®). Abnormalities in serum electrolytes were improved slightly by restriction of water intake. Results of rapid-sequence excretory urogram and renogram showed impairment of the left kidney. Left renal artery obstruction was detected angiographically. The renal vein renin ratio of the involved to uninvolved side was 1.6: 1.0. These results were compatible with renovascular HT (RVH). Left nephrectomy was performed. Histology of the resected kidney showed typical findings of RVH due to severe renal artery stenosis. Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis was suspected. Plasma renin activity returned to normal on the day after the operation. After nephrectomy, serum electrolytes were normalized and HT and DM were controlled without administration of antihypertensive agents or insulin. Secondary hyperaldosteronism owing to RVH seemed to cause difficult control of DM. Hyponatremia probably developed as a result of overcompensation for sodium overexcretion from the uninvolved kidney.View full abstractDownload PDF (5755K) -
Yoshikazu Shibasaki, Mitsuhiko Noda, Nobuhiro Yamada, Yoshitomo Oka, M ...1988 Volume 31 Issue 10 Pages 821-823
Published: October 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThree patients were studied to evaluate the effect of mexiletine on the symptoms and signs of painful diabetic neuropathy. Two patients had retinopathy (and nephropathy); the other patient, who had posttreatment neuropathy, had no other complications. Improvemet was assessed on the basis of subjective symptoms (pain score) after oral administration of mexiletine (150-450mg/day). In two or three days, severe pain and dysesthesia were markedly reduced and anxiety was relieved, although nerve conduction velocity and neurological signs did not change significantly. No side effects were observed in our patients. The results suggest that mexiletine is a useful drug for the improvement of subjective symptoms in painful diabetic neuropathy.View full abstractDownload PDF (303K) -
1988 Volume 31 Issue 10 Pages 825-833
Published: October 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (2391K)
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