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Volume 31, Issue 3
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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With Reference to the Relationship between Microalbuminuria and Glycemic Control in Non-insulin Dependent Diabetes MellitusShigeki Inomata, Masanori Inoue, Yoshiyuki Oosawa, Masuo Itoh, Osamu M ...1988 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 189-198
Published: March 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to investigate the effect of long-term glycemic control on the urinary albumin excretion rate (AER:μg/min) in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), AER and HbA1 in 43 patients with NIDDM were traced for 12 to 18 months.
Microalbuminuria was defined as AER of 20μg/min or more because the mean (±SD) AER value of 33 healthy controls was 9.5±5.2 μg/min. Microalbuminuria and normoalbuminuria were found in 17 (group A) and 26 (group B) diabetics, respectively. According to the mean HbA1, value in the last 6 months (last HbA1) of this study, group A and B were divided into 6 subgroups as follows. HbA1 <8.0%; A-S, B-S, 8.0-9.0%; A-G, B-S, ≥9.0%; A-P, B-P. In addition, renal biopsy was performed in 9 cases of group A to assess the relationship between the consequences of AER and diabetic renal lesions. The following results were obtained.
1) AER was normalized in 2 of 5 cases in A-S and 2 of 4 in group A-G, and was improved in 1 of 4 in group A-G, and was exacerbated in 3 of 8 in group A-P. Compared with the mean HbA1 value (9.4±1.0%) of the preceding 6 months of this survey, the last HbA1 (7.7±0.8%) was significantly decreased in 4 patients with normalized AER (p<0.05).
2) Progression to intermittent or persistent microalbuminuria was observed in 1 of 8 cases in group B-S, 1 of 7 in group B-G and 4 of 11 in group B-P.
3) AER was normalized even in 2 patients with a diffuse lesion of grade III and a nodular lesion of grade I nephropathy when HbA1 was improved from 8.4 and 10.7% to 7.1 and 8.7%, respectively.
From these results it was concluded that (1) microalbuminuria could be normalized when HbA1, above 9.0% was improved to below 9.0%, or when HbA1 of 8.0-9.0% was improved to below 8.0%, but (2) microalbuminuria could not be ameliorated when HbA1 remained above 9.0% in spite of the improvement in glycemic control.View full abstractDownload PDF (1390K) -
Insulin Action and Cell CycleMariko Harada1988 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 199-208
Published: March 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of insulin on the LDL pathway was studied in cultured human fibroblasts in relation to the cell proliferative and glucoregulatory effects of insulin. The number of LDL receptors increased within 2 hr, and half the maximal stimulation by insulin was observed below an insulin concentration of 2.5 ng/ml, which is similar to that for the half maximal effect on glucose incorporation.
The effect of insulin on the LDL pathway was also studied in relation to the MI cycle, by using synchronized cells. A stimulatory effect of insulin on the LDL pathway was observed in the G1 phase (phase of preparation for DNA synthesis), but not in the S phase (DNA synthetic phase). A stimulatory effect of insulin on glucose metabolism was also observed in the G, phase, but not in the S phase.
These results suggest that insulin plays a physiologically important role in LDL metabolism by increasing the number of LDL receptors. Furthermore, the lack of an insulin effect in the S phase without changing insulin receptor binding provides an interesting finding for the elucidation of cellular insulin action.View full abstractDownload PDF (1333K) -
Functional and Histological Changes of the Kidneys in BB/W RatsToshiro Watanabe, Jun Ishii1988 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 209-215
Published: March 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe examined the relationship between the polyol pathway and diabetic renal impairement in spontaneously diabetic BB/W rats, using aldose reductase inhibitor (ARI: ONO-2235). The sorbitol content of the kidneys in diabetic group B treated with insulin and ARI or in group C, which are non-diabetic BB/W rats, was lower than that in diabetic group A treated with insulin only (p<0.05, respectively). The urinary albumin excretion rate (U-Alb) and urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase activity (U-NAG) significantly increased in group A during the observation period, but there were no changes of U-Alb and U-NAG in groups B and C.
Under light microscopy, the proportions of mesangeal-to-glomerular area in groups B and C were significantly lower than in group A (p<0.05). Under electron microscopy, advanced enlargements of the epithelial cells and adhesions of the foot processes of the glomeruli were greater in group A, than in the other groups.
In conclusion, the polyol pathway has some role in early renal changes in diabetic BB/W rats, indicating possible favorable effects of AR I on diabetic nephropathy.View full abstractDownload PDF (1132K) -
Shuichi Ishii, Yasuo Iimura, Ikunosuke Sakurabayashi, Tadashi Kawai1988 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 217-222
Published: March 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo determine the clinical significance of serum fructosamine (FA) as a screening test for diabetes mellitus, 227 subjects were given an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and serum FA, HbA1 and total protein were measured at the same time. Serum FA was measured by a new colorimetric determination (Fructosamine Test “Roche”). According to the 75 g OGTT pattern based on the recommendation of the Japan Diabetes Association (1982), all the subjects were divided into three groups, normal (group N), borderline (group B), and diabetes (group D). The FA level was 3.47±0.49 mmol/l in group D, which was significantly higher than that in group N (2.59±0.17)(p<0.001). The serum FA level was also significantly correlated with fasting plasma glucose, HbA1 and the sum of blood glucose values during the OGTT. Furthermore, nearly 90% of the group D cases were detected when the cut-off level of FA was set at 2.9 mmol/l, which was close to the value of x+2SD in healthy individuals. These findings suggest that measurement of serum FA is useful as a screening test for diabetes mellitus.View full abstractDownload PDF (616K) -
Masahiko Terada1988 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 223-230
Published: March 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDorsal column function in experimental diabetic (DM) rats was evaluated and compared with that in 2, 5-hexanedione (2, 5-HD) neuropa.thy rats. Hyperglycemia was induced by a single injection of streptozotocin and the experiments were performed 4 and 12 weeks after the injection. 2, 5-HD was administered daily with drinking water for 8 weeks to make 2, 5-HD neuropathy rats. Agematched rats were used as controls. In DM rats, gracile surface potentials evoked by electrical stimulation of the lumbo-sacral trunk remained normal during the experimetal period, whereas the N-and P-waves of the evoked potentials were supressed and the duration of the N-wave was prolonged in 2, 5-HD rats. In 4-week DM rats, antidromic compound action potentials of the gracile tract were normal. In 12-week DM rats, the grade tract conduction velocity (GTCV) was decreased, but the duration of these potentials was normal. In 2, 5-HD rats, the GTCV was decreased and the duration was markedly prolonged. In spite of the absence of dorsal column dysfunction, maximum conduction velocities of both motor and sensory fibers in the peripheral nerve were markedly reduced in 4-week DM rats. These findings suggest that dorsal column function is more severely impaired in 2, 5-HD rats than in DM rats, and that in DM rats the dorsal column is less vulnerable than peripheral nerves.View full abstractDownload PDF (1254K) -
Suguru Ikemoto, Kenji Kuchiba, Masaaki Akiyama, Toshihiko Maeda, Takuo ...1988 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 231-237
Published: March 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe pathogenesis of diabetic microangiopathy (Dma) is related not only to the metabolic control and the duration of diabetes but also to the microcirculatory disturbance. In this study the variation in blood viscoelasticity (VE) was observed in 12 nomral individuals and 54 diabetics to elucidate its pathogenetic role in the development of Dma. VE of anti-coagulated blood was measured with an OP-Rheometer (Iwamoto Seisakusho Co. Ltd.) at hematocrit level 40%, and dynamic elastic modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G′′) were used as indices of VE. The following results were obtained. 1) In patients with retinopathy G′ was elevated even in mild cases (Scott classification, stage I) and G′′ was increased in advanced retinopathy (stage III) compared with normals. 2) In patients with nephropathy, there were an inverse relation between VE and creatinine clearance, and a positive relation between VE and the amount of proteinuria. 3) In patients with neuropathy, VE was negatively correlated with the coefficient of variation of the R-R interval on ECG. The abnormality in VE was closely related to the severity of Dma, and it is concluded that this change in VE might play an important role in the development of Dma.View full abstractDownload PDF (1096K) -
Osamu Ishibashi1988 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 239-246
Published: March 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy using EB virus-transformed lymphocytes from two patients with insulin resistance, JRM 1 (Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome) and JA 3 (type A insulin resistance), Southern and Northern blot hybridization to human insulin receptor cDNA was performed to study possible abnormalities at the DNA and RNA levels. With the eight restriction enzymes tested, restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) were found by Kpn I, Pee II, Rsa I and Sac I but not by Ban I, Ban II, Bgl II and Hind III. All the fragments found in these patients, however, were also observed in the normal controls suggsting that none of these RFLPs reflect any allele specific to insulin resistance and that there are no large deletions or insertions in the genomic DNA coding the insulin receptor. Northern blot analysis revealed that the molecular size and the amount of mRNA from these patients are similar to those of normal subjects. These results suggest that the causes of the decreased number of insulin receptors of these patients reside in the post-transcriptional levels.View full abstractDownload PDF (6244K) -
Yutaka Ninomiya, Masaaki Arakawa1988 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 247-252
Published: March 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo determine the value of measurig serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity (SACEA) and to ascertain the relationship between SACEA and renal functions in patients with diabetic and/or renal disease, 96 patients and 45 healthy controls were studied. The SACEA was significantly increased, relative to that of controls, in dibetic patients without nephropathy and in those with nephropathy. It was significantly elevated in diabetic patients with nephropathy. compared to patients without nephropathy. There was no correlation between SACEA and glomerular filtration rate. However, in comparison with diabetic nephropathy, the filtration fraction (FF) was significantly decreased in the presence of diabetes with out nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, and idiopathic membranous nephropathy. These results suggest that the SACEA and FF determination may be useful in the differential diagnosis of kidney disease in diabetic patients associated with proteinuria.View full abstractDownload PDF (781K) -
Tadashi Okabe, Shogo Kameda, Yasushi Hayama, Yutaka Saitoh, Takehiko K ...1988 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 253-255
Published: March 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe insluin-like activity of oxytocin, in stimulating glucose oxidation in several tissues, has been demonstrated recently. This study on the effect of oxytocin on the plasma glucose level was made during induction of labor.
Plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon, cortisol and adrenalin levels were measured during oxytocinor prostaglandin F (PGF2α)-induced labor. Oxytocin (8.3 mU/min) or PGF2α (10 g/min) was given to normal pregnant women at term.
The plasma oxytocin level was significantly higher in labor induced by oxytocin than in labor induced by PGF2α. The plasma glucose level was decreased by oxytocin, while PGF2α, caused no significant change. Plasma insulin, glucagon, cortisol and adrenalin levels did not change during labor induced by either oxytocin or PGF2α.
Further more, at the same duration and interval of uterine contraction, oxytocin decreased the plasma glucose level, while PGF2α had no effect.
These findings suggest that the decrease in plasma gluose during oxytocin-induced labor is not due to uterine contraction or insulin secretion, but may be due to an increase in glucose oxidation in the tissues.
Oxytocin, in addition to its known physiological roles, may have further metabolic roles and it should be studied for its possible therapeutic use for diabetic patients.View full abstractDownload PDF (352K) -
Yohjiro Itoh, Takao Koike, Kazuhiro Kurasawa, Tatsuko Ishii, Isao Ito, ...1988 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 257-260
Published: March 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe development of diabetes in NOD mice is a T-cell-dependent autoimmune phenomenon. To clarify which subset of T cells is responsible for the destruction of B cells in islets of NOD mice, we injected precritical NOD mice (12 weeks old) with monoclonal antibodies (anti-L3T4 mAb and anti-Ly-2 mAb), which react with mouse lymphocytes. The administration of anti-L3T4 mAb prevented diabetes in the NOD mice, while anti-Ly-2 mAb failed to do so. Histologically, severe insulitis similar to that in the control mice was observed in both anti-L3T4 mAb-and anti-Ly-2 mAb-trea ted mice. However, the subsets of T cells constructing insulitis were entirely different in the two groups. Ly-2-positive T cells were dominant, while L3T4-positive T cells were absent, in the islets of anti-L3T4 mAb-treated mice. In the anti-Ly-2 mAb-treated group, most of the infiltrated lymphocytes were L3T4-positive T cells, and no Ly-2-positive T cells were observed.
These results lead to the conclusion that L3T4-positive T cells may play a major role not only in the development of insulitis but in the destruction of B cells in NOD mice.View full abstractDownload PDF (2118K) -
1988 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 261-274
Published: March 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (3400K)
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