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Volume 26, Issue 4
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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With Reference to Changes in Blood Sugar, Insulin, Cortisol, Tbyroxine, Glucagon and Amino AcidsHirohei Takayama, Shigetoshi Sakai, Akira Minagawa, Tsuyoshi Yano, Aki ...1983 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 445-453
Published: April 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChanges in the blood sugar, insulin, cortisol, thyroxine, glucagon and amino acids were measured during eight-week periods of bedrest.
The insulin sensitivity index decreased after 14 days, and a further decrease was noted after 30 days.
The circadian changes of blood sugar, insulin, cortisol and thyroxine showed a marked variance depending on the duration of bedrest. A close relationship existed between the duration of bedrest and the circadian rhythm.
Branched chain amino acids and alanine levels initially increased with bedrest and then gradually approached the control levels. On the contrary, glucagon gradually increased throughout the eight weeks.
Such decreased circadian stability during prolonged bedrest suggests that caution should be exerted in comparing changes in circulating humoral factors of samples taken at only one time during the day from patients confined to bed for any reason.View full abstractDownload PDF (1030K) -
Minoru Nakamura, Seiho Nagafuchi, Toshimitsu Okeda, Keisuke Yamaguchi, ...1983 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 455-459
Published: April 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAnti-hamster islet antiserum was prepared in the rabbit by multiple subcutaneous inoculations of hamster islets emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvants. Since the antiserum contained nonorgan-specific antibodies against hamster spleen cells, it was absorbed with homogenates of hamster liver and spleen cells until it lost the antibodies reacting with the surfaces of spleen cells.
Postabsorbed antiserum still showed cytotoxicity against hamster islet cells at a serum dilution of 1: 32 in the presence of complement. The existence of islet cell surface antibodies was also demonstrated by the indirect immunofluorescence test.
The relatively organ-specific antibodies against the surfaces of hamster islet cells did not react with the surfaces of heterologous islet cells, such as rat, mouse and guinea pig, indicating that the anti-hamster islet cell surface antibodies prepared in the rabbit are relatively species-specific. This is in contrast with the evidence that the islet cell surface antibodies of diabetic patients are not speciesspecific.
Our data indicate that hamster islet cells express relatively organ-and species-specific antigens on their surfaces.View full abstractDownload PDF (2081K) -
Tadayoshi Takegoshi, Hisanori Oiwake, Susumu Miyamoto, Masaru Imura, N ...1983 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 461-468
Published: April 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to establish whether patients treated with oral hypoglycemic agents have lower serum HDL-cholesterol levels than control patients matched for lipid and non-lipid variable factors that have been shown to affect the serum HDL-cholesterol levels, we divided 80 diabetics into three groups; insulin therapy (11 females, 13 males), oral hypoglycemic agent therapy (11 females, 18 males) and those treated by diet alone (14 females 13 males). Diabetics on oral hypoglycemic agents showed a significant increase in HDL3-cholesterol coupled with a significant fall in HDL2-cholesterol compared with those on insulin. On multivariate analysis, HDL2-cholesterol levels correlated significantly and positively with sex (p<0.05) and negatively with relative body weight (p<0.05). On the other hand, HDL3-cholesterol levels correlated positively with LDL-cholesterol levels and the amount of alcohol consumed (p<0.05 for both) and negatively with the mode of treatment (diabetics on insulin had significantly lower values than those on oral hypoglycemic agents) and VLDLcholesterol levels (p<0.05 for both). When the three groups of diabetics were matched for the above factors, diabetics on oral hypoglycemic agents were found to have significantly lower HDL2-cholesterol levels than those on insulin, regandless of sex. These results suggest that decreased HDL2-cholesterol levels in diabetics undergoing oral hypoglycemic agent therapy could be relevant to the subsequent development of atherosclerosis.View full abstractDownload PDF (902K) -
Hisako Ohgawara, Etsuko Machiyama, Nobuyuki Kabei, Yasuhisa Sakurai, S ...1983 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 469-475
Published: April 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe dynamics of insulin secretion were studied in monolayer cultures of adult rat pancreatic islet cells. Free cells were dissociated from adult rat pancreatic islets by the enzymatic dispersion method with minor modifications and were cultured on 25 mm-round plastic cover slips. The cells were incubated for the first three days in tissue culture medium 199 (TCM 199) containing 0.1 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine to promote monolayer formation and were then maintained in a functional state in growth medium (RPMI 1640) for two weeks. The monolayer culture consisted mainly of B cells as identified by immunohistochemical staining. A small number of A, D and PP cells of pancreatic islets were also distinguished in the culture. After 14 days of culture, the culture plate was placed in a Rose chamber through which the medium was pumped and from which the effluent was collected at various time intervals for insulin determination.
It was observed that the insulin secretion from the adult rat pancreas induced by glucose is characterized by an early phase of rapid onset and a late phase both of short duration, that rapidly increased and came to a plateau as long as the stimulus was applied.
This result indicates that the monolayer culture of adult rat pancreatic islets is a potential method for supplying the hybrid artificial endocrine pancreas.View full abstractDownload PDF (7892K) -
Naoko Nagai, Sumiko Takayama, Kazuko Kameyama, Yukimasa Hirata, Hirosh ...1983 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 477-483
Published: April 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt has been reported that, in Caucasians, the prevalence of a family history of diabetes in noninsulin-dependent diabetics is higher than in insulin-dependent diabetics. In Japan, few studies of family histories of diabetes by types have been undertaken among diabetics with juvenile onset and identical duration of the disease. We examined family histories of diabetes among first degree relatives. One hundred and forty-eight probands were selected from among diabetics treated at the Diabetes Center of Tokyo Women's Medical College. The probands in this study experienced the onset of diabetes before the age of 20, their present age was between 20 and 40, and the duration of their diabetes was three years or longer.
Seventy-five patients were classified as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) cases and 73 as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) cases. Among diabetics in whom the onset was before the age of 15, the prevalence of insulin-dependent diabetics was higher than that of non-insulindependent diabetics; the rate of non-insulin-dependent diabetics increased when the onset was afte the age of 15. Six of the 75 probands with IDDM had parents with NIDDM and two had siblings with IDDM; 36 of the 73 probands with NIDDM had parents with NIDDM, 12 had siblings with NIDDM and nine had parents and siblings with NIDDM. In other words, 39 of the 73 probands with NIDDM had positive family histories for NIDDM alone, while only four of 75 non-diabetics had positive family histories.View full abstractDownload PDF (891K) -
Kiyohiko Negishi1983 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 485-496
Published: April 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing the radioimmunoassay for the detection of islet cell surface antibodies (ICSA) by an 125Iantihuman IgG antibody (ICSA radioimmunoassay), the author detected the presence of ICSA in the sera of diabetic patients.
To determine whether the assay using 125I-protein A and ICSA radioimmunoassay were equivalent, the author compared their binding of insulinoma cells previously exposed to sera of diabetic patients. The results of these two assays were highly correlated (r =O.806, p<0.001).
Since non-radioactive antihuman IgG antibody reduced the binding of 125I-antihuman IgG antibody (125I-anti-hIgG Ab) to islet cells in a dose-dependent manner, this assay detects the specific binding of human IgG on the surface of islet cells.
The binding of 125I-anti-hIgG Ab to insulinoma cells exposed to sera from diabetic patients correlated with the binding of fish islet (r =0.936, p<O.001) and rat islet cells (r=0.943, p<0.001), Therefore, it was possible to use not only rat islet cells, but also BK-virus-induced insulinoma derived from hamster and yellow tail fish islet cells as target cells in this assay.
In the sera of 10 out of 44 patients with diabetes, the binding of 125I-anti-hIgG Ab to cells exceeded the level of the mean plus 2SD of the normal control values. Seven of the 10 patients were insulin-treated patients and three were non-insulin-treated patients, two of which were associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease.
The author examined the relationship between insulin antibody and ICSA in insulin-treated patients. There was no correlation between them.
In conclusion, ICSA directed to determinants on the surface of islet cells can be quantitatively detected with high sensitivity by the ICSA radioimmunoassay. This method is both more specific and more convenient than all other methods. Though it may also be possible to use any one of three different kinds of target cells, insulinoma cells in particular, which may be maintained in tissue culture, assure a constant supply of target cells easily and reproducibly.View full abstractDownload PDF (2541K) -
Yasushi Yokogawa, Ryosaburo Takaki, Junko Ono, Kiyoshi Kunihiro1983 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 497-501
Published: April 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHamster islet cells were employed as a target of islet cell surface antibodies (ICSA) in comparison with rat islet cells by the indirect method of immunofluorescence, since the preparation of islet cells is more feasible with the hamster than with the rat. ICSA-positive sera against rat islet cells were obtained from two insulin-dependent diabetic patients (Cases 1 and 2) and a nondiabetic adult. (Case 3). In Case 1, the percentage of positively stained cells was 70% with hamster islet cells and 59% with rat islet cells. In Case 2, the figunes were 54% and 69%, and, in Case 3, they were 50% and 58%, while the normal healthy control showed 11% and 6%, respectively.
Reactivity against islet cells was also compared in these sera with that against spleen cells originated from the identical animal. Serum from Case 1 showed equally high percentages in both islet cells and spleen cells. In Case 2, the percentage of positively stained islet cells was high, although the stainability of spleen cells was low, indicating the presence of organ-specific antibody. In Case 3, high stainability was observed against both types of cells. This is probably due to the injection of anti-diphtheria horse serum received about 20 years ago, which might cause the production of heterogeneous ICSA against rat islet cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (2452K) -
Haruhisa Hoshi, Tokutaro Sato, Masaaki Ito, Tsuyoshi Saito, Masaru Kok ...1983 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 503-508
Published: April 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUrinary tract infection in diabetic patients with neurogenic bladders is often difficult to treat. We report one case of poorly controlled diabetes complicated with severe hemorrhagic cystitis, which was improved after controlling blood glucose by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). The patient was a 63-year-old woman. She was diagnosed as diabetic at the age of 53 and, since that time, she had been treated with insulin. But the diabetic control had been poor.
In 1976, when she was 59 years old she underwent photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy and surgery for cataracts. Around that time, she started to complain of pain in her feet and legs. In November 1980, she was admitted to our hospital for the treatment of diabetes and hemorrhagic cystitis, Insulin was injected subcutaneously two or three times a day, and total daily insulin dose was increased up to 100 units. The control of blood glucose was unsatisfactory. For the hemorrhagic cystitis, antibiotics were administered, and electrocoagulation was performed occasionally at the bleeding points. However, high fever and hematuria persisted for seven months, at which time CSII was started. The basal rate of insulin infusion was one unit per hour, and each pre-prandial bolus dose was four to 12 units. Thereafter, the diabetic control was improved; the hemorrhagic cystitis was also improved six weeks after starting CSII without any recurrence of high fever or macrohematuria. She was discharged in September 1981.
After discharge, the patient continued CSII under the self-monitoring of blood glucose. Her diabetic control has been very good, she is free from high fever and hematuria, and the peripheral neuropathy is improved.
During the course, no mechanical trouble developed in connection with CSII and no local pain or swelling has been observed.View full abstractDownload PDF (643K) -
1983 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 509-528
Published: April 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (3340K)
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