YAKUGAKU ZASSHI
Online ISSN : 1347-5231
Print ISSN : 0031-6903
ISSN-L : 0031-6903
126 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の6件中1~6を表示しています
総説
  • 正木 幸雄
    2006 年 126 巻 1 号 p. 1-26
    発行日: 2006/01/01
    公開日: 2006/01/01
    ジャーナル フリー
      We reported that dicyanoketene acetals (DCKA), in which gem-dicyano groups of tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) are displaced with alkoxyl groups, function as π-acid catalysts, and that a polymer (poly-DCKA-1) derived by copolymerization of a monomer, in which the alkoxyl group at the ω-position is modified with a styrene moiety, with ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate also shows high level of activities as a π-acid. In this research, the effects of dicyanoketene ethylene acetal (DCKEA), polymers previously developed (poly-DCKA-1 and 2), new monomers, in which the alkoxyl group at the ω-position is modified with an ethereal moiety, and the corresponding polymers (poly-DCKA-3 and 4) were investigated on catalytic activities. Among the catalysts, the polymer (poly-DCKA-1) had the most efficient activity in monothioacetalization, cyanation, and Mukaiyama aldol reaction of acetals, two-component and three-component Mannich-type reaction, hydrolysis of acetals and silyl ethers, and two-component and three-component inverse electron demand Aza-Diels-Alder reaction. Remarkably, the polymer catalyst works more efficiently in water than in organic solvents and is recyclable.
総説 短編論文
一般論文
  • 中川 一夫, 上野 朱美, 西川 ゆかり
    2006 年 126 巻 1 号 p. 37-42
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2006/01/01
    ジャーナル フリー
      Interactions between carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine), being plentiful in skeletal muscles and neuronal tissues, and captopril, a widely used angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, were examined concerning free radical scavenging activity and ACE activity in vitro. Not only captopril, but also carnosine, at concentrations less than those ordinarily found in muscles and neuronal tissues, significantly scavenged 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS) radical cations, and inhibited ACE activity. Cupric ions reversed the ABTS scavenging activity of carnosine and captopril, whereas cupric ions strengthened the inhibitory action of carnosine on ACE activity. In contrast, cupric ions antagonized the inhibition of ACE activity induced by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, indicating that the inhibitory effect of carnosine on ACE activity is not related to the chelating action of carnosine. On the other hand, carnosine and captopril synergistically enhanced the free radical scavenging activity, but not the inhibitory effect on the ACE activity. These data suggest that carnosine in its concurrent use with captopril could act as a beneficial free radical scavenger, with less danger of overdose, in the inhibition of ACE activity.
  • 韓 立坤, 李 東霞, 向 蘭, 弓 小杰, 黄堂 泰昌, 鈴木 公, 奥田 拓道
    2006 年 126 巻 1 号 p. 43-49
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2006/01/01
    ジャーナル フリー
      In the process of investigating the hypolipidemic effects of Spirulina platensis, we found that the aqueous extract of S. platensis may inhibit the intestinal absorption of dietary fat by inhibiting pancreatic lipase activity. The aqueous extract of S. platensis (500 m/kg) reduced the elevation of rat plasma triacylglycerol levels after oral administration of the lipid emulsion 2 h after administration. To clarify the hypolipidemic effects of S. platensis, the active component was isolated and designated 1′-O-(palmitonyl)-2′-O-(caprylonyl) glyceryl-β-α-D-galactopyranoside (glycolipid H-b2). Glycolipid H-b2 was found to inhibit pancreatic lipase activity in a dose-dependent manner. The fractions containing glycolipid H-b2 (250 mg/kg) reduced the elevation of rat plasma triacylglycerol levels after oral administration of the lipid emulsion 2 h after administration. Furthermore, we examined the effects of phycocyanin isolated from S. platensis on pancreatic lipase activity. Phycocyanin inhibited the pancreatic lipase activity in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that the inhibitory effects of S. platensis on postprandial triacylglycerolemia may be due in part to the inhibition of pancreatic lipase activity by glycolipid H-b2 and phycocyanin.
  • 宮川 武彦, 荒川 一郎, 白神 誠, 西村 周三
    原稿種別: Review
    2006 年 126 巻 1 号 p. 51-59
    発行日: 2006/01/01
    公開日: 2006/01/01
    ジャーナル フリー
      To discuss and estimate the clinical and economic benefits obtained during combination therapy with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) plus salmeterol (SLM) for Japanese patients with asthma on the basis of the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) Guidelines. Fifty-four cases aged>16 years with either moderate persistent asthma (step 3) or severe persistent asthma (step 4) were assessed in a retrospective survey. Participants must have been a patient at the author's clinic continuously from June 2001 and been users of SLM for more than one year. Signed informed consent was obtained. Both clinical and economic components of SLM use in asthma therapy over the past two years were evaluated. Cost analyses revealed that SLM use significantly reduced medical costs of leukotriene receptor antagonist and short-acting inhaled β2-agonists. Moreover, clinical outcomes (e.g. symptom-free day) were significantly improved after initiation of SLM. Sensitivity analyses confirmed that use of SLM is cost-effective. Combination therapy with inhaled corticosteroids and SLM on the basis of GINA guidelines appears to be efficacious and cost effective for the treatment of moderate or severe persistent asthma in Japanese patients.
ノート
  • 早川 達, 佐藤 真由美, 廣畑 多恵, 戸津 佐和子, 牧野 あずさ, 和田 佳子, 佐藤 秀紀, 猪爪 信夫, 藤田 昭久, 関根 球一 ...
    2006 年 126 巻 1 号 p. 61-66
    発行日: 2006/01/01
    公開日: 2006/01/01
    ジャーナル フリー
      We performed a retrospective study that compared the efficacy and safety of dexamethasone (DEX) 8 mg with DEX 16 mg in cases of acute and delayed emesis induced by cisplatin (CDDP) chemotherapy in patients with lung cancer. Sixty-eight lung cancer patients treated with combination cisplatin, ifosfamide, and irinotecan therapy were studied. The DEX 8 mg group and the DEX 16 mg group received DEX intravenous injection 30 min prior to CDDP. All patients then received a 5-HT3 antagonist intravenous injection 30 min before CDDP. Protection from acute nausea (day 1) was significantly superior in the DEX 16 mg group compared with the DEX 8 mg group (DEX 8 mg, 76.5%; DEX 16 mg, 100%). Protection from delayed emesis (day 1) was significantly superior in the DEX 16 mg group compared with the DEX 8 mg group. There was no reported severe nausea (grade 3) and vomiting (grade 2) in the DEX 16 mg group. Furthermore, perphenazine hydrochloride for use as rescue medication was required by significantly fewer patients in the DEX 16 mg group than in the DEX 8 mg group (DEX 8 mg, 41.2%; DEX 16 mg, 0%). Adverse effects were observed in 10 cases (nine reports of generalized fatigability, two of headache) in the DEX 8 mg group and in 16 cases (11 reports of generalized fatigability, one of pruritus) in the DEX 16 mg group. However, because the symptoms were all mild, we did not consider that there was any safety problem. In conclusion, DEX 16 mg is a clinically useful treatment for acute and delayed emesis induced by cisplatin-induced chemotherapy in patients with lung cancer.
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