The authors assumed that vitamin B
1 becomes its pyrophosphate inside the animal body and takes part in oxydo-reduction in its free base form. Therefore, air oxidation of vitamin B
1 was carried out by which crystals of m.p. 239° was obtained. Its formula corresponded to C
12H
16ON
4S
2 and from its properties, its structure was assumed to be 3-(2′-methyl-4′-aminopyrimidyl-5′)-methyl-4-methyl-5-β-hydroxyethyl-thiothiazolne (2) and its synthesis was attempted as follows: To MeOH solution of 2-methyl-4-amino-5-aminomethylpyrimidine were added γ-aceto-γ-chloropropyl acetate and NH
3 or (NH
4)
2CO
3 as neutralizing agent, and OS
2 was applied whereupon the reaction occurred with evolution of heat and the acetate of the above compound was obtained. This was hydrolyzed by acid or alkali and the above compound was obtained. This showed m.p. 239-240° and showed no depression of the m.p. when fused with the substance obtained from vitamin B
1. It gives a hydrochloride of decompn. 243°, and picrate of decompn. 185° Acetylation with pyridine and acetic anhydride gives an acetate of m.p. 172°. Desulfurization with NaHCO
3 and sublimate gives thiochrome with a good yield. This substance possesses about the equal amount of vitamin B
1 activity and is assumed to play a significant part in biological reaction of vitamin B
1.
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