巻号一覧
43 巻, 11 号
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バイオメディカルサイエンスを支えるもの早石 修1985 年 43 巻 11 号 p. 979
発行日: 1985/11/01
公開日: 2009/11/13
ジャーナル フリー生命現象の複雑なしくみを解きほぐし, さらにそれらの異常に基づく疾病の本質を理解して予防や治療を行うためには, きわめて基礎的な学問分野が大切であることは今さら贅言を要しない。例えば最近の分子生物学における画期的な進歩もDNAや蛋白質の構造解析や有機合成化学の新しい技術なくしては全く不可能であったことと思われる。また最近医薬品業界を賑わせているプロスタグランジンやロイコトリエンの研究もE.J.Coreyをはじめ各国の一流の有機合成化学者の貢献が主役を演じたことは多くの読者の記憶に新しいところであろう。
今後バイオサイエンスやバイオテクノロジーの急速な進歩に伴って, より複雑でより高次の生物の機能やその病態-例えば睡眠・記憶・感情などの高次の脳のはたらきや老化や癌など-の研究が盛んになることと期待されるが, これらの難問を解決するに当っては近年益々細分化する自然科学の多くの領域の学際的な協力が必要であり, 有機合成化学は依然として, その中でももっとも重要な役割を演じることは疑いをいれない。筆者は過去約2ケ年にわたって新技術開発事業団の新しいプロジェクトである創造科学技術推進事業の一環である「生物情報伝達プロジェクト」の総括責任者として, 多くの異なった専門領域の優秀な若手研究者と協同する機会に恵まれた。このような学際的な研究者の集団でもっとも大切なことは指導者の創造的意欲と能力はさておくとして, 各人が基本に忠実でそれぞれの領域において超一流の完成した研究者でなくても, 新しい事態に対応できるフレキシブルな研究態度をもっていることであると痛感した。今後バイオサイエンスに貢献されようと志されている若い有機合成の研究者に望みたいことは生半可な生物学の知識ではなくて, しつかりした基礎的な訓練と基本に忠実な実験態度, すなわち先ず第一に優れた有機合成化学者であり, さらに新しい未知の領域に挑戦し柔軟に対応できる研究態度をもつことである。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (168K) -
河野 芳樹, 鈴木 義勝, 竹内 節男1985 年 43 巻 11 号 p. 980-990
発行日: 1985/11/01
公開日: 2009/11/13
ジャーナル フリーMany plant pathogens are host-selective, and specificity between varieties is often observed among cultured plants. In a few cases, the cause of the specificity is attributable to the toxins produced by pathogens, which are called host-specific toxins in these cases. So far, 13 microbes are known to produce 15 host-specific toxins, and 8 of them have their structures elucidated. Recent revelation by the studies we have been concerned with, that HMT- toxins, produced by H. maydis, race T, have structures analogous to PM-toxins produced by P. maydis, a microbe alien to H. maydis, gave stimulus to the re-recognition of importance of these toxins as pathotoxins, that are the conceived ultimate causal agents of plant diseases. Studies on structure-activity relationships and active molecular sites in progress, aided by synthetic chemical techniques. The chemical and biological aspects of these host-specific toxins are reviewed, including the results of our recent studies on ACRL-toxins, which are produced by 1 of 3 varieties of A. citri, which are specifically pathogenic to different citrus varieties.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1383K) -
室伏 旭1985 年 43 巻 11 号 p. 991-1002
発行日: 1985/11/01
公開日: 2009/11/13
ジャーナル フリーPlant hormones are very important bio-active compounds which regulate the physiology of higher plants. There are five kinds of known plant hormones, auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, abscisic acid and ethylene. Besides, there are some other plant hormone-like substances as brassinolide, polyamines and unknown flower-inducing substances. The studies of plant hormones concerning activity, practical use, fluctuation of endogenous level in intact plants, biosynthesis and structure-activity relationship are explained. The organic syntheses in these studies are important especially in production of plant hormones and their related compounds enough for their application test in the agricultural field, and various kinds of derivatization of plant hormones for the investigation of action mechanism and for the modern analysis methods with highest reliability and sensitivity. Some other importance of organic synthesis in plant hormone research is discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1821K) -
藤田 泰宏1985 年 43 巻 11 号 p. 1003-1012
発行日: 1985/11/01
公開日: 2010/01/22
ジャーナル フリーThis review deals with a research trend regarding the production of plant pigments by plant tissue and cell culture. In addition, here is introduced the production technology of shikonin derivatives by the cell culture of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, which is the only example of industrialization achieved by the author et al.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1351K) -
栗原 堅三1985 年 43 巻 11 号 p. 1013-1023
発行日: 1985/11/01
公開日: 2010/04/23
ジャーナル フリーContribution of organic chemistry in the field of chemical senses (taste and olfaction) was discussed. Organic chemistry has contributed to determination of the structure of chemicals which stimulate the chemical senses. The studies on structure-activity relationship of “umami” compounds have been carried out successfully. On the other hand, simple application of organic chemistry to structure-activity relationship for bitter compounds and odorants has a certain limit for elucidating the relationship. Combination of the technique of organic synthesis with other methods (e.g. measurements of the interaction of these stimuli with receptor membranes) will bring about fruitful results.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1657K) -
山脇 直邦1985 年 43 巻 11 号 p. 1024-1034
発行日: 1985/11/01
公開日: 2009/11/13
ジャーナル フリーNewly developed artificial receptors and their clinical application are briefly described from the standpoint of biomimetic organic chemistry. Artificial receptors dealt with here are those for immune complexes in immune complex diseases, for anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies in myasthenia gravis, and for low density lipoprotein in familial hypercholesterolemia, and are classified by intermolecular interaction forces, which are hydrophobic and electrostatic.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1299K) -
リポソームから固定化フイルムまで岡畑 恵雄1985 年 43 巻 11 号 p. 1035-1047
発行日: 1985/11/01
公開日: 2010/01/22
ジャーナル フリーPreparations and characterization of bilayer lipid membranes (liposomes, synthetic bilayer vesicles, polymerized vesicles, bilayer-corked capsule membranes, and bilayer-immobilized films) are reviewed. Polymerized vesicles can form stable liposomes relative to natural ones. Bilayer-corked capsule membrane has a large inner aqueous phase and bilayers on the membrane act as a permeation valve, responding to stimuli from outside. Bilayer-immobilized films can be prepared from various methods and still have a characteristics of bilayers.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1407K) -
片岡 一則, 由井 伸彦1985 年 43 巻 11 号 p. 1048-1060
発行日: 1985/11/01
公開日: 2010/01/21
ジャーナル フリーThere are strong demands for innovative antithrombogenic materials in the field of clinical medicine, because of their necessity in fabricating implantable artificial organs and progressive surgical prosthesis. This paper reviews the present status of the development of antithrombogenic materials. Special emphasis was placed on the promising feature of microdomain structured polymers as antithrombogenic materials. A series of studies reviewed in this paper demonstrates that contact-induced activation of blood platelets, a triggering phenomenon of thrombosis, could be eliminated by designing a polymer surface to have appropriate microdomain structure. As a possible mechanism involved in this suppressive effect on activation of platelets, we have proposed a mechanism of “capping control”. In this proposed mechanism, we emphasize the close relationship between reorganization of cytoskeletal components and assemblage of membrane glycoproteins at polymer/platelet interface.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2222K) -
上田 亨1985 年 43 巻 11 号 p. 1061-1072
発行日: 1985/11/01
公開日: 2010/04/23
ジャーナル フリーThe use of modified base or alteration of base sequences, and chemical modifications are reviewed for the study of nucleic acid functions and structures. The examples included are the point mutation of promoter region of rDNA gene, replacement of the certain bases with modified ones in the recognition sequence of restriction endonuclease Bgl II and Sau 3AI, ozone-degradation of supercoiled plasmid DNA, replacement of nucleotides in the anticodon region of formylmethionine tRNA, and chemical modification of mouse 5S ribosomal RNA.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1539K) -
小林 義郎, 田口 武夫1985 年 43 巻 11 号 p. 1073-1082
発行日: 1985/11/01
公開日: 2009/11/13
ジャーナル フリーStudies on fluorine-modified vitamin D3 analogs : the design, synthesis and biological activity are reviewed. On the basis of the metabolism of vitamin D3 and the characteristic features of fluorine and fluorinated compounds, fluorine-modified vitamin D3 analogs were designed, synthesized and their biological activity was investigated to clarify the physiological significance of the metabolic hydroxylation of vitamin D3.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1276K) -
矢島 治明, 船越 奨1985 年 43 巻 11 号 p. 1083-1094
発行日: 1985/11/01
公開日: 2009/11/13
ジャーナル フリーCurrent achievements of peptide syntheses by biological and chemical methods have been reviewed and their scope and limitation have been discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1659K) -
岡畑 恵雄, 矢島 治明, 片岡 一則, 栗原 堅三, 山脇 直邦1985 年 43 巻 11 号 p. 1095-1096
発行日: 1985/11/01
公開日: 2009/11/13
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (286K)
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