巻号一覧
49 巻, 5 号
選択された号の論文の17件中1～17を表示しています
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横山 泰, 栗田 雄喜生1991 年 49 巻 5 号 p. 364-372
発行日: 1991/05/01
公開日: 2010/01/28
ジャーナル フリー“Fulgides” is the name of succinic anhydrides with two substituted methylidene groups, at least one of which is a (substituted) arylmethylidene group. Fulgides show a photochromic property between open (colorless) and closed (colored) forms with no thermal transformation, and are therefore expected to be used as advanced optical photomemory materials. In this review, a brief history of research on fulgides, general synthetic methods with experimental details, general methods of photoreactions both in solutions and in matrices, methods of analysis of photoreactions to obtain quantum yields, and steric and electronic effects of substituents of fulgides on their photochromic properties, are described.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1231K) -
入江 正浩1991 年 49 巻 5 号 p. 373-382
発行日: 1991/05/01
公開日: 2009/11/16
ジャーナル フリー以上, 光メモリ用ジアリールエテン分子の現在の性能・機能を述べた.i) ～vii) の要求条件のうち, まだ見通しが得られていないのは, v) の非破壊読みだし機能である。次の課題は, この解決方法を見いだすことである。これが解決されれば, 実用化への道は大きく拓かれると思われる。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1155K) -
市村 国宏1991 年 49 巻 5 号 p. 383-391
発行日: 1991/05/01
公開日: 2009/11/16
ジャーナル フリーA new type of photoresponsive liquid crystalline cells has been developed. The cells were constructed by putting a nematic liquid crystal between two glass plates modified with azobenzene monolayers, the photoisomerization of which induces reversible alignment change between the homeotropic and parallel modes. Detailed studies revealed that the factors affecting the photoregulation of the alignment involve the molecular structure and occupied area of the azobenzene unit and the coexistence of long alkyl chain. Derivatives of stilbene and α-hydrazono-β-ketoester were found to be also effective for the photoregulation. This suggests that the reversible structural alteration between the rodlike and L-shaped photochromic units plays an essential role in the photoregulation. Discussion was made on the mechanism of the regulation, based on the relationship between the regulation efficiency and the surface energy change and on the spectroscopic alteration of photochromic units upon the contact with liquid crystalline molecules.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1242K) -
中村 正孝, 谷口 孝1991 年 49 巻 5 号 p. 392-402
発行日: 1991/05/01
公開日: 2009/11/16
ジャーナル フリーThe recent results concerning the synthesis and characteristic of spiro-oxazine compounds have been summarized.
The absorption bands of usual spiro-oxazine compounds are changed from colorless to colored form by irradiation of ultraviolet ray.
This mechanism is derived from the cleavage of oxazine ring. Such properties are dependent on, its chemical structure and surrounded matrix of spiro-oxazine compounds.
The chemical structure of this compound is similar to the well known spiropyran. But, spiro-oxazine compounds have been noticed recently, because of excellent high light-sensitivity and superior fatigue-resistant property. This compounds are already applied as photochromic lens, clothes and UV light checker.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1013K) -
詫摩 啓輔, 入里 義広1991 年 49 巻 5 号 p. 403-411
発行日: 1991/05/01
公開日: 2009/11/16
ジャーナル フリーDichroic dyes of great practical value for liquid crystal displays (LCD) have been reviewed from the view point of the synthetic design. The function of dichroic guest dyes for LCD is dependent on the structure of substituent group and its position on chromophore. Some examples of the synthesis of anthraquinone, naphthoquinone and azo dyes with positive dichroism are shown. Dyes with negative dichroism are also described. Dyes for polarizing film are classified into two categories, i.e. for polyvinylalcohole matrix and for polyester matrix. Hydrophilic polyazo dyes with sulfonic acid groups are used in the former film, and for polyester matrix, hydrophobic dyes with long rod-like struture have been developed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (853K) -
山本 弘信, 宮田 清蔵1991 年 49 巻 5 号 p. 412-417
発行日: 1991/05/01
公開日: 2010/01/28
ジャーナル フリー我々は, 非常に高い確率で非中心対称構造を構築できる分子設計法 (Λ形分子) を見いだし, かつこの手法はバルク位相整合に最適な材料設計になることを明らかにした。種々の置換基の導入やメチレン基以外の結合などにより, Λ形分子の誘導体は無数に考えられ, またこのことは異方性や屈折率の制御にもつながる可能性があり, 新材料を探索するうえで非常に役立つと思われる。
有機低分子材料は, 国内外で精力的に研究されてはいるものの, デバイス化のための結晶育成法や材料複合化技術などは試行錯誤しながら進められているのが現状である。材料開発者がデバイス研究者と協力して, 有機材料の特徴を生かし, 取扱いの難しさなどの欠点を克服しながら実用化を目指した研究をすることが必要である。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (677K) -
岡田 修司, 松田 宏雄, 中西 八郎1991 年 49 巻 5 号 p. 418-421
発行日: 1991/05/01
公開日: 2009/11/16
ジャーナル フリーIn order to obtain the materials with large third-order nonlinear optical properties, polydiacetylenes (PDAs) having π-conjugation between polymer backbone and substituents were synthesized by proper crystal engineering. For the monomers for PDAs aromatic rings directly bound to main chain, one of two substituents bonding to the diacetylene (DA) moiety was selected from those of non-polymerizable symmetrical DA monomers. The highest χ (3) and the expected smallest dihedral angle between the polymer backbone and aromatic rings was already realized in one of the derivatives. PDAs with acetylenic and diacetylenic groups directly bound to the main chain were synthesized by polymerization of triyne and tetrayne compounds, respectively. The diacetylenic substituents of the polymers from the latter ones could be polymerized to give di (polydiacetylene) s, where two PDA polymer backbones were conjugated.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (450K) -
松岡 賢1991 年 49 巻 5 号 p. 422-431
発行日: 1991/05/01
公開日: 2009/11/16
ジャーナル フリー有機合成は元来, 分子レベルでの合成技術を研究するものと考えるが, 先端技術分野において機能性有機材料が基幹材料として利用される今日では, 分子集合体としての結晶や, 会合体の生成過程までを含んだ有機合成の技術を考慮する必要がある。有機非線形光学材料の合成はまさしくこの分野で恰好の研究課題と言える。ここでは非線形光学と有機合成とのかかわり合いについて述べた。物理からの新しい理論の展開が技術としての材料に結びつき, 新技術が確立されるが, 材料は有機合成によって達成される。非線形光学材料の場合には, 分子軌道法を用いる理論設計, 分子設計, 集合体としての材料設計へと進み, さらには素子化技術との関連で材料の物性が検討されていく。このように, 有機非線形光学材料の開発には幾多の関門があり, そのそれぞれをブレークスルーして初めて材料が確立される。2次の材料については素子化段階まで進んでいるが, 3次の材料についてはまだ分子設計もままならないのが現状であり, 材料の具体的イメージにも程遠い。今後の理論的材料設計指針の発展と, それを利用した有機合成化学の進歩が新技術の発展を不動のものにしていくと考える。この小文がこの分野の発展に少しでも寄与できれば望外の喜びである。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1323K) -
伊藤 雄三1991 年 49 巻 5 号 p. 432-436
発行日: 1991/05/01
公開日: 2009/11/16
ジャーナル フリーIn order to design organic nonlinear optical materials, several of theoretical calculations are necessary. Within the oriented gas model approximation, nonlinear susceptibilities of organic crystals can be calculated from hyperpolarizabilities of the molecule and the crystal structure. Molecular hyperpolarizabilities can be calculated very precisely by a molecular orbital method.
Theoretical calculations of hyperpolarizabilities of polymers, which are important as third-order nonlinear materials, were done considering their exciton states although there remained several problems to be solved.
The intermolecular interaction effects on hyperpolarizabilities were analysed by super molecule CPHF calculations of ab initio MO method.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (617K) -
上田 充, 伊藤 洋1991 年 49 巻 5 号 p. 437-450
発行日: 1991/05/01
公開日: 2009/11/16
ジャーナル フリーThe remarkable advancement of the microelectronics technology we have witnessed in the past decade are the direct result of the increase in the number of components per chip, which has been made possible by decreasing the minimum feature size on the chip. The feature size continues to shrink, placing stringent demands on resist materials that are used to fabricate minute integrated circuit devices. Reduction of the feature size to <0.5 μm will require the introduction of new lithographic technologies that employ short wavelength radiations such as deep UV (<300 nm), electron beams and X-rays. However, these high resolution lithographic technologies demand extremely high resist sensitivities for their economical operation. The concept of “chemical amplification” was proposed in 1982 to dramatically boost the sensitivity through incorporation of a gain mechanism in imaging chemistries. In this scheme, photochemically generated acids are used as catalyst to induce a cascade of subsequent chemical reactions in the resist film. The use of photochemical acid generators has not only provided high sensitivities but also offered high contrast and resolution, allowing the design of a whole new family of advanced resist systems, which are reviewed in this paper with emphasis placed on the chemistry responsible for imaging.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1661K) -
斉郷 和秀1991 年 49 巻 5 号 p. 451-455
発行日: 1991/05/01
公開日: 2009/11/16
ジャーナル フリーSi-containing resists for a bi-layer system have been reported in the last decade. The molecular designs of the polymers suitable for the system must take four factors into considerations, such as 1) the polymers have high silicon content, 2) the polymers have a high Tg, 3) the polymers have a suitable radiation sensitive functional group, and 4) the polymers have narrow molecular weight distribution. The synthesis of Si-containing polymers with an allyl group and their applications to photoresists are reported.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (726K) -
遠藤 忠, 島田 昌彦1991 年 49 巻 5 号 p. 456-466
発行日: 1991/05/01
公開日: 2009/11/16
ジャーナル フリーIntercalation reaction can offer the ability to tailor the novel oraganic-inorganic hybrid materials in a nanometer scale. One of clays, smectite has been proved to be a proper candidate for confining some functional organic materials with a well-relurated conformation into its interlamellar. Optical properties of organic materials are sensitively affected by the surroundings of adsorption sites. Accordingly, the absorption and emisson spectra are observed with some changes of peak position and intensity.
Here, optical functions of hybrid materials, e.g. photochromic and photochemical reaction, metachromasy etc. are focused;and these issues are reviewed. Such information is much available for understanding the interfacial problems between organic and inorganic materials The design of optical function should be performed by controlling the discentralization and conformation of organic molecules in the gallery of smectite. Future prospects for new opto-hybrid materials are also discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1245K) -
野平 博之1991 年 49 巻 5 号 p. 467-474
発行日: 1991/05/01
公開日: 2009/11/16
ジャーナル フリーIn order to prepare new types of ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLC) with a large spontaneous polarization and a short response time toward electric field, optically active compounds possessing a fluorinated asymmetric frame were synthesized utilizing optically active 2-fluoroalkanols prepared from R- (+) -1, 2-epoxyalkanes, or 1, 1, 1-trifluoro-2-octanol and 3-trifluoromethylalkanoic acids prepared by the optical resolution of their racemates.
The liquid crystals prepared from the above mentioned fluorinated compounds exhibited such remarkable FLC characteristics as a wide temperature range of the S*c phase, a large spontaneous polarization, and a short response time.
We now wish to describe the synthetic procedures and the mesomorphic properties of these new types of FLC.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (867K) -
楠本 哲生, 檜山 爲次郎, 竹原 貞夫, 東海林 忠生1991 年 49 巻 5 号 p. 475-485
発行日: 1991/05/01
公開日: 2009/11/16
ジャーナル フリーNew chiral dopants having a chiral center directly connected to the core aromatic ring were designed and synthesized. Those discussed here are 1-arylethyl alkyl ethers, 2-arylpropanoates, O-acyl and O-alkylcyanohydrins, 2-arylalkanenitriles, aryl alkyl sulfoxides, α-aryl-γ-alkyl-γ-lactones, and 1-aryl-2-alkyl-1-cyanocyclopropanes. Ferroelectric liquid crystal mixtures doped with one of the compounds exhibited high spontaneous polarization (Ps). The sign of Ps was found to well correlate to the absolute configuration of the chiral center of the dopant.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1040K) -
太田 和親, 山本 巖1991 年 49 巻 5 号 p. 486-496
発行日: 1991/05/01
公開日: 2009/11/16
ジャーナル フリーWe discuss recent advances of the molecular shapes of discotic liquid crystals and classification of the discophase structures. Then, we deals with “thermotropic discotic liquid crystals of organic transition metal complexes”. The new field of thermotropic liquid crystals of organic transition metal complexes was opened up independently by four pioneers in the latter half of the nineteen-seventies. Up to date, there are only seven types of discotic liquid crystals of organic metal complexes. These molecular structures and properties are reviewed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1257K) -
小出 直之1991 年 49 巻 5 号 p. 497-505
発行日: 1991/05/01
公開日: 2009/11/16
ジャーナル フリーThis review includes recent advances of thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers (LCP). LCPs are classified into categories in function of their molecular structure such as main chain type, side chain type and combined type LCPs. Synthesis of main chain, side chain and combined type polymers are described. Main chain type LCPs are focused on the rigid polyesters owing to their application of high performance materials. The structure of rigid polyesters and the method of depression of transition temperature are given. Various kinds of side chain type LCPs are presented and discussed their functional properties.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (960K) -
阿部 豊彦, 袋 裕善1991 年 49 巻 5 号 p. 506-513
発行日: 1991/05/01
公開日: 2009/11/16
ジャーナル フリーLiquid-crystal display (LCD) is a device utilizing the electrooptic property of aligned liquid-crystal (LC), and LC molecules are aligned homogeneously by the alignment film. The most of alignment film now in use industrially is polyimide (PI) thin film which should be rubbed. The required properties for alignment film vary with the types of LCD, however the most important is to give LC molecules planer alignment and suitable pretilt angle. The planer alignment property is supported to be related with the strain of thin film surface by rubbing, and pretilt angle is supported to be related with the physical and chemical properties of thin film surface. The control of surface tension and moleculer structure of thin film surface can be achieved by several moleculer designs of PI, and, by use of these PI for alignment film, the control of pretilt angle can be achieved. This method is very important for the commercial production of STN-mode LCD.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (960K)
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