The problems dealt . with in this paper cover water-supply in generally, namely irrigation water, . drinking water, household water (other than for drinking), etc.
The geomorphological division of Saku-Basin consists of three regions, Northern, Central, and Southern. Each region shows its own, special characters, as will be described later. There is no question that geomorphological relief influences in many cases the network of waterways, but other natural factors connected, such as precipitation and.geological conditions, must he cited as two great factors.
Owing to these main factors, the network of waterways in the Northern Region (Asama Mountain Foot Region) is comparatively sparse; so is the quantity of canalwatergenerally.
On the other hand, the Southern Region (Fan of the Tikuma River) has abundant water, which fact affects human activities in this region in many ways.
From the viewpoint of cultural landscape influenced by the distribution of iririgation canals, the Northern Region may be divided into three classes of two types. The Southern Region consists almost wholly of paddy-fields on account of flatness of land surface and the abundance of irrigation water. Compared with the Southern Region, the Central Region, which shows a clustered distributicn of mulberry fields, forms an uriirrigated area owing to the special features of the land. This is the most characteristic feature in this whole region.
The special irrigation in winter time, which is performed also in the Southern Region, is divided into three kinds; the “Huyugake” (winter irrigation), “Harugake” (spring irrigation, beginning in March), and “Gomigake” (irrigation with sewage water in winter). These various forms of irrigation show the regional characteristics.
These conditions impress us forcibly with the profound connection between man's activities and water. By his activities with water as his chief instrument, cultural landscape is altering the surface features of the earth in. innumerable ways. In these respects we find the regional characters in the north and south, and in the east and. west clearly marked.
A) Characteristic of north and south.
1. Northern Region (Asama Mountain Foot Region)…………………N
a. Clustered form of paddy-field region. ………………………n₁, n₂
b. De'ndritical form of paddy-field region. …………………………n₃
2. Southern Region (Tikuma River Fan Region). ……………………S
3. Central Region.………………………………………………………C
a. Unirrigated Region……Clustered mulberry field region.………C₂
b. Paddy-field Region.…………………………………………………c₃
B) Characteristic of East and West.
Considered from the viewpoint of landscape of the East and West, we cannot recognize any remarkable variation in the Northern Region, althoughh there are some in the Southern Region.
1. Southern Region.………………………………………………………S
a. East side region of the Tikuma River……Non-carp-breeding region, “Non-Harugake” region.…………………………………s₁

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