Adopting the Köppen's climatic formulae on climate of each year (=year climate) in Japan, the author has investigated geographical distribution patterns of year climate type of each year and observed frequencies of various climatic types on each station.
1) In Japan, ordinary climatic types in average condition are Cfa or (Dfa) at almost all stations. But he can find many years which show w or s climates.
2) Climatic regions of w or s climates shift geographically from year to year having five patterns, as are shown. Fig. 2 and 3.
3) He considerd that a region in which any one climatic type predominates remarkably than others with significant differences is a core climatic region. And he recognized some core regions of Cfa, Cwa, (Dfa), Dfa and Dfb as are shown in the Figs. 4_??_7. Also their transitional regions are found.
4) Types of Cfb, Cwb, (Dfb), (Dwb), (Dsb), and Dwb which means cool summer, appeared at the Sanriku District frequently. And summer dry climates, namely Csa, (Dsa), (Dsb), Dsa, Dsb and Dsc, are observed almost everywhere once per decade.
5) The climatic divide of the Pacific Side and the Japan Seaside climate can be detected as a boundary line of w and s climate. As discrepant divides, lie can count the dividal ridge of the Kitakami-, Joetsu- and Chugokumountains.

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The author drew the map of primeval vegetation in lowland of Hokkaido (Fig. 1), and compared it to the present distribution of rice-crop per tan (_??_10a.). The distribution of Mores Bombycis and Juglans Sieboldiana, is especially well correlates to that of Oryza sativa. The coefficient of mean square contingency between regions of vegetation and rice-crop C₁=0.66. C₂, while such between mean temperature in August and rice-crop is 0.71. Although the datum is rough and raw, the correlation it high, hand utilization in Northen part of Japan will effectively depend upon the study of vegetation indicator.

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The Oki Islands, or the Province of Oki, as described in “Engishiki” a court document of the 11th century, was noted forr her fishery products.
In the amount of the products, according to the above document, Oki ranked third, the other two being Wakasa and Shima. Dried sea-ears, boiled sea-cucumber and dried cattle-fish were the principal products. At dawn of feudal times these were produced for export to China, the fishing, manufacturing and delivery being under strict supervision of the Tokugawas.
The above fact helped to turn the fishing industry of the Islands towards commodity economy at an early period. Near the close of feudalism, commercial capital grew steadily in the islands, and the manufacture type of fisheries was established to be followed by the disintegration and impoverishment of the fisherfolk. This tendency was further intensified by the growing capitalism, which caused big extraneous capital to flow into the province, replacing small capital there. Most of the fishing grounds were monopolized and the fisherfolk were still more impoverished, and they have had no other resources to take than a small scaled fishing of cuttle-fish for a side-line.
It is to be regretted that the Oki Islands, with all her natural resources, are unable to make the most of them in the interest of local welfare and prosperity. The future of the local economy has many problems to be carefully dealt with.

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One of the most conspicuous characteristics of climatic landscapes in Seku destrict, on the foot of Volcano Asama and along the River Chikuma (the upper portion of River Shinano), is the very florishing growth of the lichenss on roofs of many houses in each settlement. T this region the roofs are generally covered by tiles. Except very newly built houses, they grow on almost all the roofs. The author researched their distribution and found that they are valuable indicator of the clinatic characteristics of this region. The species of the lichens there, are paymers caperate Ach. and Parmesia conse ter e.
First, the autlaor researched the shortest ages of their, growth in each Cettl rent. For this pourpose he looked for the ages of the newest houses with lichened roofs, and desided the ages necessary for their growth. Fig-1 shows the isolines of these ages. The centre of the distribution is found on the region between Komoro and Iwamurada. Here only ten years or so are necessary for their growth, but the farther front the centre, the longer the age, and finally it is longer than thirty years in' the most outside settlements. This fact may show that the central part of this destrict has the most suitable condition for the growth of lichens, and the more outside the settlements, the worse the conditions there.
Next the author researched the situations of the lichens in each settlement, calculating the ratio between the numbers of lichened roofs and of those covered by them all of their surface. Fig-2 shows the distribution of this ratio in the destrict. The centre of the distribution is found et the region between Komoro and hwamurada, and value of the ratio anioonts to more than 35%. The more outside the settlements, the less the values of ratio, and at last they amount to only less than 20%. The situation of the distribution almost coincides with the. charactors of Fig-1.
The most necessary condition for the growth of the lichens is the fluid water, especially fog, dew etc. In this region the fog occures very frequently, especially in summer. For example it appears almost half of each month at Oiwake in summer as is shown in he Tab.-1. Bet the fog prevails in the upper portion of some tributaries rather than the lower portion in this destrict, while the growth of the lichens is more abundant in the latter. These two conflicting facts may be explained as follows. The most suitable temperature condition for the assimilation of the lichens has been said as 10-15°C and 25-30°C, and the worst condition as about 20°C. The tem-npera-ture conditions in summer, in which the fog occures most frequenly, was shown by the isothermals in Fig 3. By comparing Fig-1, -2 and -3, it becomes clear that the most predominant region of the growth of lichens coincides with the region where the mean summer temperature reaches about 23-24°C. As shown an Fig-1, this is the convergent region of the summer wind. The allows in Fig-1 show the prevailing summer wind directions estimated by many climatic landscapes, especially by the. main adhering directions of the lichens on the trees, poles etc, and it must be token into coreideretion that the fogs appear very often there.
As the conclusion, the above appointed region has the most suitable conditions for the growth of lichens concerning the fluid water and temnperature.

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