There exists hight cool region in Central Japan, where various vegetables of good qualities are grown and the cultivation of these vegetables has made considerable development owing to the recent remarkable progress of transportation facilities. In these regions, with a cool climate in summer season, various kinds of vegetables such as Chinese cabbages, lettuces and cabbages are grown with the introduction of new method of farming to supply for demands in the markets in large cities. Southern Saku, Nagano Prefecture, is main vegetable producing district in these high cool areas. This area is situated at 1, 300 meters high above the sea level and beyond the altitudinal limit of paddy field.
The area has two principal producing districts; in one of these the agricultural field is formed on the terraces of the River Chikuma, and in the other, the field is formed on volcanic slope of Mt. Yatsugatake. The former is situated in the upper part of Valley Chikuma, and the inhabitants cultivate some kinds of vegetable. They used to get their income from forestry and sericulture and engaged inn an extensive cereal farming for self-sufficing. However, these cultivators at present are utilizing the fertile soil on the river terrace for producing various vegetables on intensive management. On the other hand, the soil on the volcanic slope consists of volcanic ashes or sterile soil, but settlers on clearing fields of Nobeyama are practising a mixed farming of vegetable growing and dairy farming. Thus they have changed the land into productive fields.
In order to carry the vegetables to the markets large expenses are required in packaging, conveying, commission, etc. Accordingly this new type of agriculture, which may be called appropriately truck farming, depends mostly to the high market-price of its products. Thus, in order to produce vegetables of high price, the cultivators must manage their farm land intensively, though their land lies remote from the centre of main markets. Each producing district has connection with markets in large cities, forming on “Economic Unit Region”.

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(1) In the previous report on the thermal structure of the Tagokura Reservoir (1963), the author reported on the distribution of temperature and velocity of water in it. In the present report, he wishes to describe about seasonal variations of them and discuss the mechanism which governes the formation of water temperature, from the view point of heat budget of the reservoir. Observations of temperature and current of water in the reservoir had been carried bi-monthly from spring of 1962, and it ended on November of 1963. Water temperature was measured by thermistor thermometer at each one meter from the surface at several sounding positions in the reservoir. Results of observations of water level, discharge and climate that had been made by Tagokura Power Station and Tadami Hydro-meteorological Station were collected and arranged for the calculation of heat budget. At the same time, river water temperature at Otori (inflow site of the reservoir) was measured in summer months, as the basis of estimation of inflowing water temperature.
(2) General features of temperature distribution in the reservoir are illustrated by Fig. 2. In spring and early summer, thermal stratification in the reservoir is not strong. Because of this weak thermal stratification, strong heating by forced convection intrudes into the deep layer. In mid-summer, the existence of two layers of thermoclines becomes evident. As the inflow water-mass sufferes thermal modification by turbulent exchange, its temperature increases as it flows towards the downstream. Combining these characteristics, estimation of the movement of water is tried. Seasonal change of trajectories of general circulation in the reservoir is shown in Fig. 6.
(3) Flow and general circulation in the reservoir were measured in summer observation periods. Velocity of the inflowing water-mass was measured by specially designed current meters. Temperature of inflow water was cold in 1962 and 1963 comparing with the preceding years, because the Okutadami Reservoir drainaged cold water. General circulation in the reservoir was measured by current-cross. Two kinds of the crosses were tested in this survey. One of which was made of alminium sheet of 0.8mm thickness, having pericyles of 40×25cm. The other was made of plastic (Takiron) and the dimension of it was 25×50cm. The cross was connected with the wood float by a nylon thread, and the position of the float was observed from land or the cruising boat. The flow in the reservoir consist small clrculatlons in each small lake basin.
(4) The equation of heat balance is expressed as follows.
R_n+H+LE+P^*+_??_=ΣQ
R_n denotes net-radiation on water surface, H is sensible heat transfer, LE is latent heat transfer and P^* is heat supply by precipitation. Right side of the equation represents the total change of heat storage in the reservoir. Each term is calculated basing on ten day's mean value of climatic and hydrological data. Each term of the above equation is obtatined by the following ways.
_??_
γ: Bowen ratio
ΣQ: change of total heat storage
_??_: advection
First step of the calculation is to arrange the water balance in the reservoir, which is given by Eq. (4). In this equation, subscript “I” means inflow water, “OT” is Otori, “OUT” is drainage from Tagokura Power Station and “T” means discharge of branches flowing into the reservoir. Symbol “PS” denotes total precipitation on the reservoir surface. Change of total heat storage is calculated by Eq. (9). In the application of this method, the reservoir surface is devided into four sections. Separation of sensible heat flux (H) and latent heat flux (LE) is made by use of Bowen ratio.

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This paper is the methodological resumption of a reporter's point of view in his studies on the structure of the areal-agglomeration (Chiiki-Shudan) [Chiiki-Shudan is a sort of the origin form completing an “industrial region”]. The researches for the industrial regions made by geographers up to the present may be divided into three types: the researches with regard to industrialization (the first type), the industrial-location (the second type), and the characteristics or patterns of industrial region (the third type). Though both the first type and the second type must essentially help each other as a completed geographical research, a majority of the researches which belong to two tpes are inclined to emphasize the peculiar aspects of the industrial region and this brought about the growth of the third type of research. But the studies of this trend, generally speaking, have not yet found the appropriate method for the analysis of the industrial region. This resulted very often the lack of the dynamic analyses and the methodological consistency in the research.
The reporter of this paper selects the areal-agglomeration (namely Chiiki-Shudan) as the object for analysing the structural pattern in all kinds of industrial regions. Namely, Chiiki-Shudan is made up the Industrial Region in the present state of the individual agglomeration of the manufacturing enterprises in which the process of production aims at obtaining more the surplus value realizing results from having divided various manufacturing enterprises from pursuing the profits of external economics. At Chiiki-Shudan, the greater part of diverse manufacturing enterprises (namely “divided enterprise”) are brought into unity spatially by means of certain particular enterprises (in named “main enterprise”) consisting of them.
Owing to this characteristic of Chiiki-shudan, the reporter asserts that it will be possible to analyze Chiiki-Shudan to assay the “organic relationship” (is called “Wirkungszusammenhang” by E. Otremba) between “divided enterprise” and “main enterprise” in the process of production.
And So the reporter concludes that it will be possible to analyse the structural pattern in all kinds of industrial regions to adopt the approach above. The result of the concrete analysis of this approach will be presented in parts II and III.

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Das vorliegende Thema wurde als empirische Antwort auf die Frage bearbeitet, wohin die als Folge der in den letzten Jahren in Japan sehr rasch durchgeführten Rationalisierung im Steinkohlenbergbau freigesetzten Bergarbeiter aus den Zechen des “Joban” Reviers abgewandert sind.
Gegenstand dieser Untersuchung sind 580 entlassene Pergarbeiter der Zeche “Furukawa Yoshima”, 759 der kleinen Zechen im Kreis “Taga” als Beispiel für “scrap” Zechen und 1328 der Zeche “Joban-Iwaki” als Beispiel für “build” Zechen. (build Zechen nennt man die Zechen, welche mit staatlicher Rationalisierungshilfe noch weiter zu fördern sind. Alle anderen Zechen gehören zur scrap Gruppe, die als schlechte Zeche beurteilt und von der Hilfe ausgennommen.)
Der Fall der scrap Zeche wurde ausführlicher untersucht und folgende Punkte wurden klar herausgearbeitet.
1. Ein sehr hoher Prozentsatz dieser entlassenen Arbeiter blieb arbeitlos.
2. Bezüglich der Arbeiter, welche neue Arbeiplätze fanden, ist folgendes festzustellen. Die Arbeiter aus den großen im Kreis Nord-Iwaki gehen in den Handelssektor im gleichen Bezirk, sowie in die Eisen-und Stahl, Netallund Maschinenindustrie in dem großen Industriegebiet Käihin (Abkürzung für Tokio und Yokohama). Die aus den mittleren u. kleinen Zechen im Kreis “Taga” kommenden Bergleute gehen wieder in andere Zechen, sowie in die Akkordbetriebe der “Hitachi Elektro-und Maschinen Fabrik” im selben Kreis.
3. Man kann zwischen dem Alter und Geschlecht eines Arbeiters und der neu erworbenen Stelle einerseits und der Arbeitlosigkeit andererseits eine bestimmte Beziehung sehen. Es ist auch zu bemerken, daß im allgemeinen die männlichen alten (über ca. 45 Jahresalt) und mittlerealten (ca. von 30 bis 45 Jahresalt) die größten Opfer zu tragen gezwungen sind.
4. Im Falle der Wiedereinstellung in anderen Zechen wurden im allgeinen die alten Arbeiter von den scrap scrap Zechen oder von den Akkordgruppen und die mittlerealten Arbeiter von den build Zechen eingestellt.

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