It is recognized by many geographers that vegetable fields used to be especially abundant in the Owari plain. There was formerly a small relief of several meters, making it difficult to turn the entire area into rice fields by irrigation with river water, whereas on the other hand, it is very easy to utilize them as fields for vegetables, mulberries, etc.
More than 300 years ago, the political and civic center of Owari was situated in Iwakura, east of Itinomiya, when many vegetable fields should have been developed near Iwakura to satisfy the general demand. After that the political center of Owari shifted to the south of Iwakura, so that in the beginning of the Tokugawa era, which was more than 300 years ago, Nagoya became the political center of Owari, but the vegetable farms continued to remain in the old place.
There is the Biwazima market, more than 300 years old, which is situated between the vegetable farm lands and Nagoya, the place of demand for its farm products. Established in the midst of rice fields, it developed on account of its geographically suitable position, and through special protection of the successive Dairnyôs of Owari. Its annual turnover now amounts to yen 4, 000, 000. There is no doubt that one of the causes of the development of vegetable gardens in central Owari is the progress of the Biwazima market.
Since the populations of Nagoya city is increasing at the rate of from 3, 000 to 50, 000 a year, the demand for vegetables is consequently increa-sing. The demand for vegetables everywhere in Japan is gradually increa-sing. We can thus regard the vegetable fields of Owari as being still in process of development.

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[in Japanese]

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In the outskirts of Tôkyô the woods surronnding the houses are one of the most conspicious parts of the landscape of settlements there. These woods serve as protection against prevailing winds. The author's investiga-tions of them from aero-photographs taken by the Military Survey Depart-ment may be summarized as follows
1) Varieties of wind-mantles. Of the large variety of wind-mantles, the trees-that predominate are the Keyaki (Zelkowa serrate), the arder (Alnus japonica, Anus tinctoria) and the oak (Quercus acute, Querczus mnyrsinaefolia). Their distribution is determined both by their ecologies and environments. Figs. 3-II show their directions, forms, and density, and Fig. 2 their distribution.
2) Density of wind-mantles (Fig. 14). The density of the wind-mantles is not proportional to the wind velocity (Table I) . While the present per-Icentage of houses with wind-mantles to the total number of houses varies, 70% may be considered as the proportion for all the settlements before the region developed. The percentage naturally diminishes as the region develops.
3) The directions of alignment of the wind-mantles (Fig. 21). The frequency in direction of the shelter-belts (wind-mantles) is generally smaller E-W, and larger N-S (Fig. 20). The same tendency is also seen in the wind directions observed at some stations (Fig. 16-18). The next dominant direction is southward. Fig. 15 was drawn in consideration of the fact that the shelter-belts face the three directions, SW, S, and SE. It shows the density of the shelter-belts to the south and also the area affect-ed by southerly winds (Fig. 22). It will be seen from this map that the area of high density is usually southward.
If the directions of the shelter-belts agree with those of the prevailing winds, then the latter could be found from the alignment of the shelter-belts. Fig. 22 shows the directions of the prevailing winds, which were taken into consideration in the above mentioned method, and which also agrees with observations made at certain stations and from the experience of local residents. While it is true that the alignments of the belts are influenced by the topography, the author thinks that they may be influenced by other conditions as well.
This study was made under the kind guidence of Prof. Tsujimura.

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