The mountain systems in Eastern Asia as classified by F. v. RICHTHOFEN into three rows shoud, in the opinion of the present writer, be modified as follows:
(1) The island row-Formosa, the Koreo-Ryûkyû arc, the Honsyû arc including Sakhalin, and the Tisima-Kamtchatka arc.
(2) The coastal row Sikhota Alin, the East Manchurian mountairs, Shantung penisula and its mountains, and the South China mountains.
(3) The inland row-South Stanovoi, the Great Kinghan mountains, Tai-hang-shan (Shansi Mts.), and the Yuunan-Kweichow highlands.
These rows are believed to have originated by vortex movement, as shown in Fig. 1, accompanied by a discontinuous line of the Earth's crust bordering the Eurasia Continent and the Pacific Ocean. The peripheral ring of a continent, the mountain arcs or tablelands, that are found at the boundaries of continents and oceans, is observed in the periphery not only of the Pacific Ocean, but also of the Indian, North-and South-At antic Oceans, where the rings have the character of SUESS'S tabular fracture. Where the ring is composed of parallel rows, as in Eastern Asia, the outer one has arcuate mountain type and the inner the tabular fracture. In the region of the outer ring, the acting force tends to express itself deeply into the morphology of the surface, while in the inland, it does so only coarsely. For this reason, the serial linking of arcs, one of the characteristics of the inland row in Eastern Asia, has made its appearance while on the other hand, an echelon arrangement of fusi-formed highlands has risen in the coastal row (Fig. 4). The base of the Himalaya-Alpine orogenic belt caused by the collision of two continental masses is in a sort of whirl at the present time, that is the peripheral rings also manifest themselves at the margin surrounding the continentalnencleuse. In Eastern Asia, there are some crossings of the two mountain systems, The Himalaya-Alpine and Circum Pacific. The Jehol mountains, the so-called “grin-mountains of Peking, ” are examples of such crossings.

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It has been generally accepted that the intensity of the solar radia-tion, especially in the shorter part of the wave-length, is much small-er in the centre of a city than in the surrounding country. In order to examine in great detail the distribution around the great cities, the writer selected for experiment Tokyo, Osaka, and Nagoya, using the methylenblue-aceton method devised. by L. Hill. The seasonal variation in Tokyo is nearlly parallel to that of the total radiation.
August showed maximum intensity and February the minimum. The irregular minor fluctuations were mainly caused by weather condi-tions. The distribution around Tokyo was measured in March and November, with results showing the same feature, namely, that the intensity is great in the center of the city and outer part of the suburb, while in the intervening ring-like region, the intensity was weaker. This is probably due to the smoke-dust produced by factory chimnies and sandy-dust carried from the country-fields.
In Osaka City, the ditribution was somewhat different. The inten-sity was great at the western and southwestern industrial part, de-creasing gradually toward the centre of the city. This is explained by the fact that a strong westerly wind prevailed during the observa-tion. A similar distribution was also observed in Nagoya, while on a fine calm day, it was weakest at the southwestern margin of the city, which is a large manufacturing centre.

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