At the end of Meiji era, Japanese fishing b a s had engines; with the development of off-shore and deep-sea fishery those boats were made large-sized.
The results are as follows:
(1) The Catches were at rapid and profitable disposal by sale;
(2) The supplies for the fishing-boats were easily provided;
(3) The ships and engines rwere easily repaired;
(4) The large-sized ships could be anchored.
The fishery bases are required to the large-sized ships. Among many fishing-villages in Japan, a few fishing-villages fitted to those conditions absorbed lots of fishing boats and labor power for fishing industry from various parts of our country and developed into prosperous fishing ports.
1. Misaki, Kanagawa Prefrcture, is an example of such a fishing-port at first Misaki was only a small fishing village of coastal fishery. But.
(1) it is a natural good port;
(2) it has powerful fish-dealers and it is located near the consuming cities, so that a great quantity of fish catch can be sold rapidly and profitably;
(3) besides, it is near a fishing ground. That is why bonito boats and tunny ones flock at Misaki from Shizuoka and Wakayama Prefectures as well as Kanagawa Prefecture; consequently Misaki has developed into the base of deep-sea fishery. First, with the completion of construction of the port in 1928, deep-sea fishery boats of bonito and tunny meet at Misaki from Tokushima, Kochi and Miyagi Prefectures; Misaki takes on the character of a fishery base of many fishing-boats which belong to other prefectures.
Secondly, a few boat-owners of other prefectures settle down at Misaki and at the same time there came into being a few deep-sea fishing boats belonging to Misaki itself.
After the end of World War II, Misaki has had a rapid increase of deep-sea fishing boats which belong to it, because it is a superior fishing ground as a base of deep-sea fishing boats. These boats has rapidly become large-sized after the enforcement of the Special Act in 1958, and yet many deep-sea fishing boats from other prefectures still gather at Misaki, which forms the foremost center of deep-sea fishery in our country.
2. With the growth of deep-sea fishing boats belonging to Misakl, there came a demand for laborers engaged in deep-sea fishery, as the result of which about four or five hundred laborers flock at Misaki before World War II. After the end of it, owing to the increasecd number of large-sized boats belonging to Misaki, the number of laborers there for deep-sea fishery was about 3, 500 in 1955. These laborers flocked here largely as emigrant laborers from such prefectures as Miyagi, Chiba, Mie, Tokushima, Kochi, Ooita and Kagoshima.

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The writer's motive of this study is to solve the following problems.
1. Why do they have to live on the barge?
2. Is there any principle to determine the capacity in ports ?
3. Why is their number at Osaka Port the greatest in Japn ?
4. What are the geographical characters of their native places ?
In summary of the results of this study, the following characters can be found in the relation between she ports and barge-dwellers, as well as in their native places.
(1) The facilities of the Japanese ports being so bad, it is an important task for the barge to make up their deficits. But their motion is so slow that boatmen are compelled to live on the barge to make the cargo carrying speedy; it becomes more necessary to live on it with the expansion of barge activity at the ports.
(2) A. It is the first fact of the distribution of the barge that there is on barge at the ports where the cargoes amount to less than 100, 000 tons a year (Fig 1).
B. The number of the barge-dwellers is very large in the ports supported by a great industrial region (Fig 1).
C. The auther considered the capacity of the port to accept the barge-dwellers in relation to three elements: cargoes, big steamer-ships and the length of quays. According to this study, however, these elements have no relation to each other at the small ports, while they can be recognized only in the large ones (Fig. 2, 3, 4).
Therefore we can not mention the single element to determine their capacity, but, as the effect of many elements combined, the more the activities of the barges at the ports, increase the greater their capacity becomes, i, e. the number of the barges is larger in the following three cases : the hinterland is grater, the nets of interior rivers run through there, and the industrial area which forms a part of the important hinterland is spread along the coast.
(3) The capacity of Osaka Port to accept barge-dwellers is the largest in Japan. The reasons are as follows: the equipment of this port is worse; and moreover, the hinterland along the coast is large; the interior canals develop while the cargoes are of heavy weight, and so on.
(4) The native places of the barge-dwellers in Osaka Port are limited to the west of Kinki District on account of the geographical position, and especially it is characteristic that many of them come from the islands of the Setouchi Region. This phenomenon depends not only on the low producing capacity of this region, but the traditional excellence of the carrying trade through Setouchi.

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A modern, uncommon castle-town has many medieval characteristics. The castle has a form of old mountain castle and retainer's dwelling-places that surround the lord's settlement have “uchizange” style. The town scatters very much over the land and modern town planning is not sufficiently carried out there. In terms of function, this town is not sufficiently urbanized. Agriculture and commerce of the town are not separated enough from each other. It has a lot of military elements but less economical ones. It is certain that the castle-town is not modern and uncommon.
It has two kinds: one is “Karasuyama” Style and the other “Takatori” Style. I think in the form the former is new and the latter old. However, in the study of early castle-towns it is not appropriate to classify them only in terms of form. The writer classified them into rural castle-towns and semi-urbanized castle-towns. This classification was made in view of the degree of urbanization or function of the town. It is a characteristic of the early castle-town that there is no def irate mutual relation between function and form.
I cannot think that the uncommon castle-town has a medieval style. The reason why this town came into being was the special circumstances of the “han” (_??_). In short, such a castle-town is unreasonable, but it was inevitable that it came into existence.

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