In the last half of the 19 th century, coastal fishermen in Japan depended mainly upon off-shores fisher-ies. In the beginning of this century, however, the off-shore fisheries, which were the principal occupa-tion of coastal fishermen, began to decline overwhelmed by the growth of fisheries with a large capital and the development of fishing technique, and the fishermen in coastal villages were in serious conditions. It was under such circumstances that the emigration, especially of young fishermen, to the newly developed fishing ports which were bases of capitalistic fisheries came into notice. (Fig. 2, Distribution of emigrant fishermen.) On the other hand, coastal fisheries have been maintained by old fishermen only on a small scale.
There are two types of emigration in the central Japan. The first is found in the Tokai district along the Pacific coast. This district is one of the most prosperous industrial areas in Japan, and the modernization of various kinds of industries in this district, inclusing fishery, has prevailed. Therefore, the district gives typical examples of the declined fishing villages along the coast and the development of new ports as a large scale fishing bases, and the fishermen of the declined villages have found their jobs in the neighbouring fishing ports. For example, the fishermen in Shirahama have found their jobs in Misaki, one of the largest fishing bases in the Kwanto district, fishermen in Yoshida went to Yaizu to work, a big fishing port of the Tokai district.
The second type is found in the Hokuriku district, the coast of Japan Sea. This is rather a depressed area with heavy snowfall in winter which restricts to some extent the productive activity of people. The seasonal movement of village people to find work in other districts has been one of the characteristics in this area and many of the fishermen went up as far as Hokkaido to carry on their off-shore fisheries there. With the development of large scale fisheries, the decline of off-shore fisheries has become notice-able and a new type of migration of fishermen has occurred. In the fishing villages of this area, people do not move to neighbouring fishing ports, but go to some remote fishing ports such as in Hokkaido to find their jobs as fishing labourers, because the coast of this district had been their traditionl field of off-shore fisheries, and the migration of fishermen in Hokuriku is going on a larger scale than in Tokai. Recently emigrants who prefer industrial labourers to fishermen has increased in number in the declined fishing villages in Tokai, while many emigrants in Hokuriku villages still remain as fishermen.

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A petrographic study of beach sediments can be expected to contribute much to the understanding of their source, transportation and deposition. Therefore, we examined the gravel and mineral content of sediments samples taken along the shoreline in an effort to determine the prevailing direction of beach drift and to make clear the mechanics of littoral transport.
Field work was done in the Sagami Bay area, on the Pacific coast of Japan. The shoreline along the coast of the Bay is marked by some 40 miles continuous beach which is exposed to the open sea. At the eastern end of beach, there lies Miura Peninsula and at the western end, Izu Peninsula.
38 sampling stations were selected at one mile intervals along this stretch of beach. Then, those samples collected were used as basic data for petrographic analyses.
The major conclusions of this investigation are as below :
1) The lithological composition of beach deposits in the coast of major river mouths and their neigh borhood are similar to that of fluvial deposits of those rivers. This similarity led to the conclusion that beach deposits have a close relationship to river-transported materials. In addition, the beach sediments deposited in this coastal region are in a great quantity derived from the rivers of Sagami, Sahawa and Maya.
2) Based on the areal distribution and systematic variation series, it is believed that littoral brift in this Bay prevailingly moves eastwards by longshore currents.
3) There is decrease in grain size of the beach gravels with increase in distance away from the source areas. This decrease in size is probably due to the result of abrasion of gravels rather than the sorting action of waves which transports gravels selectively.
Moreover, beach gravels seem to move intermittently along the shoreline and once these gravels deposit on the beach, they should be abraded and deformed to various shapes in accordance with the strength of local littoral force.
4) In some places of this stretch of beach, where are islands or reefs in the offshore, numerous wellrounded, extremly flat gravels are present. In addition, both the amount of heavy mineral contents and the ratio of quartz to feldspar increase materially.
Those phenomena might be explained by the fact that the beach sediments once deposited remain for a long time under the effect of the refracted offshore waves caused by the hindrance of islands or reefs.

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In this article, the author studied on regional characteristics of rainfall related to Baiu fronts.
Heavy rainfall concentrate in tonal area in some restricted regions, such as the middle Kinki, west Chugoku and north and west Kyusyu. These areas are freely exposed to southwest airflow working as a trigger of heavy rainfall with large amount of vapour. So the author considered that the rainfall zones may correspond to the areas freely exposed to southwest airflow. In order to confirm this idea, several examples of heavy rainfall are taken and some phenomena that seemed to supporte this idea are investigated. For example, the diurnal variations of water vapour in the lower troposphere, the upper wind conditions, and airflow trajectories are analized. By these analyses, the idea is confirmed and it becomes clear that the heavy rainfall areas are pref ectly related to the topographic conditions.

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