In social geography, a number of studies have delineated the residential patterns of individual ethnic groups using the concept of concentration and segregation. Ironically, none of those studies have demonstrated the degree to which a given group lives with other groups in part of a city. This study investigates the degree of areal correspondence between the residential patterns of Japanese in San Francisco and six other ethnic groups: White, Latin, Black, Chinese, Filipino and American Indian. Analysis of 1970 census data, utilizing Spearman's rank order correlation, reveals three major patterns in ethnic residential areal correspondence and it also reveals the fact that only the Japanese group shows a positive correspondence, at a statistically significant level, with the White category among all other groups.

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The purpose of this paper is to make clear a structure of the imaginary environment of “community” in a children's mind, through the geographical methods. The author observed children's behavior attentively, and asked them about the following five points,
1) what they play and where they play
2) what they do at a “juku”, a private school, and a “dagashi-ya”, a cheap candy store
3) where they find children's paths and how they pass through them
4) what they call the places of their interests
5) how they explore their unknown places
He investigated some names of the places where the children had already known, and made each child draw a cognitive map which covers their “community”.
The results are as follows.
(1) Children are apt to consider their home and their primary school the base of their behavior, because they put them on their cognitive maps correctly.
(2) Children are able to behave freely throughout the school district, particularly at playing fields, alleys, children's paths, “dagashi-ya”, and private schools of abacus. The author understands that the children's image of the school district and shier be havior don't vary so much among them.
(3) Generally speaking, gang-aged children like to explore unknown places very much. They sometimes walk beyond the school district, following main streets up to topographical barriers. By chance they may discover interesting play fields, which they prefer to call nick-name.
(4) In conclusion, the imaginary environment of “community” in a children's mind has a concentric zonal structure, where the center is either their home or the primary school. They have an expanding mental map of “community” on an imaginary envi ronment.
(5) Now in Japan, geographers and teachers have to develop a new curriculum for primary school education. The author believes that we should pay more attention to a structure of imaginary environment in a children's mind.

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Alluvial lowlands occupy about 13% of the total area of the Japanese Islands, and widely distribute along the coasts and the lower reaches of the rivers. They have been developed under the influence of environmental changes in the late Quaternary, especially under the eustatic change of sealevel. However, geomorphic evolution of each lowland is quite varied one another.
In this report, the author tries to make clear the geomorphic development and regional difference of alluvial lowlands in Japan by means of the reconstruction of paleogeography.
On the basis of paleogeographic development, alluvial lowlands in Japan are classified into six developmental series: F, N-S, D, D-S, V and C.
The F series lowland is mainly composed of alluvial fan constructed since the Lastglacial age. Examples of this series are the lowlands of the Fuji, the Oi and the Kurobe Rivers.
The N-S series takes its own evoultional course as follows: At the stage of the lowest sealevel in the Lastglacial age, the lowland had been composed of narrow alluvial fan or valley bed in the valley cutting the lower reach of the river by the lowering of sealevel. As a result of the transgression, the lower part of the lowland was drowned and changed to the lagoon in the Lateglacial age. During the former half of the Holocene, the lagoon was extended to the inland area, and the lower reaches of the river had changed into the flood plain composed of sandy and silty sediments. The lagoon had been reclaimed by sediments in the latter half of the Holocene. Then the landform of alluvial lowland was characterized by the alluvial fan, the flood plain and the sandy bank from upper to lower reaches of the river. Examples are lowlands of the Sagami and the Tenryu Rivers.
The evolutional process of D series-alluvial lowland is as follows : At the stage of the lowest sealevel in the Lattglacial age, the lowland was composed of narrow alluvial fan in the valley developed between river terraces, and they were such landforms as the N-S series. In the Lateglacial age valleys were drowned from their lower reaches. In the former half of the Holocene, river terraces and valleys were filled with alluvial sediments, and the sea was widely invaded towards the upper reaches. Then the remarkable delta was constructed burying the shallow part of this inland bay. In the latter half of the Holocene, the delta has continued to develop seaward and floodplain deposit has also extended to the inland area. We can find good examples for this series in the evolutions of the Tokyo-shitamachi, the Tama River and the Yahagi River lowlands, and the Nobi plain.
The D-S series is subdivided into (a) and (b) types. Both series are characterized by lagoon and sand bank in the Holocene. The lagoon had spread out since the Lateglacial age or the early Holocene accompanied with the sealevel rise. The lowland was mainly composed of both floodplain and delta facing on the lagoon, which was gradually reclaimed in the late Holocene and became swampy land. The topography of D-S (a) series lowland in the latest Pleistocene is the same with that of D series. During the Lateglacial age, the landform of D-S (b) series was composed of narrow floodplain and delta. Lowlands, such as the Kushiro, the Tsugaru and the Fukui plains belong to D-S (a) series. The Ishikari and the Kawachi plains can be classified into D-S (b) series.
The evolutions of V series such as the Yamada, the Tsurumi and the Ota Rivers are characterized by the drowned valleys which have extended since the early period of their evolutions. The reclamation of drowned valleys had proceeded in the late Holocene. The lowlands of C series had been developed in the valleys during the Lateglacial age. The alluvial lowland was composed of either the narrow alluvial fan or the floodplain and delta at this time. The lowland became facing to the open bay by the sealevel rising in the Holocene.

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