It is well known that the coastal belt of the continent corresponds to the dividing line of the climate. This subject is discussed from the viewpoint of air-mass mixing and transformation, and the following lines are attacked;
(1): Spatial distributions of the diurnal variability of daily mean pressure (Fig. 1 and 2) and the standard deviation of yearly change of the monthly mean pressure (Fig. 4) are examined with the results along the trough line of these distributions. The transportation of air-mass is smaller than that of other regions. Using these results, the fields of wind and precipitation is divided into two parts.
(2): Spatial distributions of the interdiurnal variabilty of daily mean temperature (Fig.5) and the standard deviation of year to year change of monthly mean temperature (Fig.6) are studied. Trough line of the latter distribution corresponds to the frontal zone (Fig.7). or locates between the zones of high and low temperature. These results are explainable as the products of the air-mass mixing and transformation during its long journey.
Thus, it is shown that the classification of climate by trough line of the standard deviation of monthly mean temperature is much useful from the view-point of air-mass mixing and transformation.
(3): Spatial distribution of the standard deviation of year to year variation of monthly mean vapour pressure is also studied. (Fig.8) Trough lire of this distribution means the dividing line of precipitation variability.(Fig.9)
(4): Using the obtained results, climate near Japan is classified from the view-point of air-mass mixing and transformation.
Two examples are as follows:
(a): Winter air temperature over Japan is controlled by the air-mass over Siberian continent although the wind velocity blowing over Japan is affected by the depth of Aleutian Low, although the amount of precipitation is completely under the influence of the Sea of Japan.
(b): In summer, the air temperature over Japan is affected principally by the temperature off the coast of Sanriku although the wind velocity proportional to the strength of Ogasawara High. Precipitation over Japan is influenced by the intensity of Ogasawara High along the southern coast, and is affected by the climatic condition off the coast of Sanriku.

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Verfasser hat 365 tägliche Niederschlagskarten von ganz Japan entworfen. Es wird der Zusarnmenhang zwischen winterlichen Druckverteilungen und den entsprechenden Niederschlagsverteilungen erläutert. 1) Einige inselartige Niederschlagsgebiete sind in Vorderjapan deutlich zu erkennen. 2) Die Regenschatten der Inseln Rishiri, Sado und der Koreanischen Halbinsel sind sichtbar. 3) Die Niederschlagsmenge ist von der Breite des Japanischen Meeres abhängig. An der Nordspitze von Hokkaido und an der Westspitze von Honschu ist das Meer nicht breit genug um Wasserdampf für den Niederschlag zu liefern. Infolge der Vereisung und der Verminderung der Meeresfläche durch eustatische Niveauveränderung im Eiszeitalter muss das Niederschlagsgebiet kleiner gewesen sein. Die Tatsache, dass es in Nord-Hokkaido weit verbreitet eiszitliche Solifluktion gab, beweist, dass das Land schneefrei, also der Niederschlagsbereich wirklich kleiner war.

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The Japanese motor vehicle industry produced 181, 893 four-wheeled vehicles in 1957. The motor vehicle industry has developed rapidly in the years following the World War II and has grown into a leading industry in Japan. The industry was originally started in Azabu district in Tokyo, due to the presence of wheel-smiths and electrical engineers just like in America. But this works transformed from the wheel-smiths disappeared, and the motor vehicle-works have developed from the machine industry.
The motor vehicle industry can be devided into three separate patterns; chassis makers, body makers and parts makers. The chassis makers, fewer in number, are the largest in scale and predominant over the industry. Their location is determined by the availability of large areas of inexpensive land and nearness to the related industries such as steel, machine and electricity. The body makers are greater in number but less in scale. They have grown from the post war aircraft industry and is located near the market. The parts makers are the most numerous but the least in scale, and are devided into two separate types. The small works producing single parts gather about the chassis maker. The location of larger works producing complete parts or accesories is influenced by their related industries. The distribution of the motor vehicle industry is separated into ten areas each producing chassis or bodies or parts or conbination of these.The conbination produced in each area determines the location and geographic expansion of the motor vehicle industry.
The machine industry had grown in the three central cities of Tokyo, Osaka and Nagoya, and promoted the growth of the motor vehicle industry. The chassis makers are located near the margin of the cities due to the locating factors of getting large and inexpensive land, and of nearness to the related industries. The body makers grew in various districts because of the increased demand since the Kanto Earthquake Disaster. But they have remained as the truck-bodies maker, to supply local demand in each metropolitan areas. The parts maker have grown, as the customs duty on imported parts had been increased. Its growth was at first in Tokyo and Osaka and aimed to supply the spare parts for imported motor vehicles. The development of the motor vehicle industry was much determined by military policy, and the import of motor vehicles were reduced while the need increased because of national defence. The location was affected as industries moved from the former places to the center of the industrial zones. The sircraft industry which became the body makers producing buss-bodies in the main was located as satellite areas at northern Kanto, Mino, and Kyoto-Uji.
The basic principle of growth has developed three uniform areas or zones of the motor vehicle industry in Japan at Kei-hin (Tokyo-Yokohama), Chukyo (Nagoya) and Han-sin (Osaka-Kobe). A chassis maker is situated at the center of a with body makers and parts makers gathered around. A zone has a core industrial area and has to dispose the satellite industrial area outside where the body makers have gathered. Some parts makers are related to other industries and are located further away at Northern Nagano These parts makers are producing the complete parts and accessories, and are consisting an area in the outside of the core and satellite areas. The core industrial area includes the chassis makerand parts makers producing the single parts with body makers outside, and other parts makers even further outside. This basic relation of the zonal arrangemeut is the same with every core areas. The localization of a chassis maker has grown the core industrial area and expanded the same regional structure around. And, the core industrial area expands larger to the zone by the growth of the industry.

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