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Volume 26, Issue 4
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Hajime ÔMURA1953 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 135-144
Published: April 01, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: December 24, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe co-opperative institution to distribute the staple food and some other commodities among the islanders in Mikurajima, came into existence towards the latter half of the 18th century on to the beginning of the 20th.
Naturally vegetated box-trees formed the source of the expenditure for the management of the business of the institution, and they mere regarded as common property in any part of the land, either public or private.
The supply of staple food was carried on in nearly a satisfactory way by this method, while the supply of other commodities was not so very satisfactory. So that box-trees Avere cultivated with the object of gaining a source for the purchase of them, which are called “KOGAIMONO” (small purchases). Kogaimono was made by. means of the money gained from the sale of the box-trees, cultivated in the privated lands for that purpose. Such private. lands were in the exclusive possession of the 28 farm lies which formed basic units. It was hard for anyone to try to branch out from the stock without such a supply of property.
From the beginning of the 20th century onwards, Kogaimono gradually came to enjboy a growing properity, causing the distributing system to be brought to such an utter decline. Thus the system came to an end in 1939.View full abstractDownload PDF (1377K) -
Takeshi KOIDE1953 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 145-154
Published: April 01, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: December 24, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSI have begun a study of the rurban. community area of Nagano City in order to offer some scientific materials not only for geograpt ical purpose, but for the reorganization of villages, towns and cities and for the establishment of educational. districts under the management of the local board of education the problems of which are now being noticed. as important all through Japan. To settle the area I investigated about 120 towns and villages around Nagano City on the following five items. Those are; i, Time to reach Nagano City ii, Number of attendants to Nagano City (Fig.l) iii, Times of shopping in Nagano City (Fig.2) iv, Sung of vegetable packages carried to Nagano City. v, Number of patients who attend to the N agano Red Cross Hospital (Fig. 3)
Next I observed the intensity of connection of each town or village with Nagano City by the total sum of 5 items. The method Was thus : I divided eanh item into 5 grades according to 5 items, (Tab.l) I recognized the to-tal sum as its degree of connection to Nagano City. When the evaluation points of each town or village were expressed on the distribution. map (Fig.4). I foundd that the degree of connection increa, es as a place approaches to Nagano City and decreases as it goes farther from the city. Then I drew isopleth of 20, 15 and. 10 points, and from inner ones I called them by the names of lst area, 2nd, 3rd and outer to show the areas clearly (Fig.3).
As a next step, I have a scheme of observing individually the characteris-tics of the strLTcture of. population, industry and community seen from its relation with Nagano City.View full abstractDownload PDF (1504K) -
Koukiti SAITÔ1953 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 155-163
Published: April 01, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: December 24, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA Great variety can be seen on the scale of agricultural villages. Some of them have a popalation over one thousand, whereas that of others are not more than smile dozens. What reasons are there ? I suppose, it is not irispossible to explain, the reasons for this to some extent from the relation-ship between farmer, village and agricultural lang. The aim of this re-port is to try to explain geographieally these reasons and class-formation in agricultural societies.
The field of my study is the Coastal Plain of Kaga, Ishikawa Pref. The samples of small scale villages were taken from the mid-allavial fan of Tedori and those of large ones from the district of Lagoon Kahoku.
On the alluvial fan of Tedori, the development of rice land was never so difficult, for there was no disastrous flood except for some parts along the River Tedori, and the digging of irrigation ditches was rather easy work, on the other hand, in the lagoon district, frequently, catastrophic floods took place and so may be in future and the location of a village was, and still is strictly defined by natural conditions. Therefore the former had much more freedoiii in selecting the location of new village:, than the latter. Furthermore, on the latter, newly exploited land; ghoul be in worse con-ditions and so that new comers be destined to cultivate this worse land and they be obliced to stay in their old villages. As the result, in the lagoon district the population of a village becomes greater, and in parallel with this, class-formation more rapidly hastened.View full abstractDownload PDF (1166K) -
Masatosi YOSINO1953 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 164-168
Published: April 01, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: December 24, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe observed the local temperature distribution on June 29 and 30, 1951 at some points of Kata-machi, Kakizaki-machi, Asahimura and Yoshika-wa-mura, Niigata Prefecture. The observed area is on the sand-dune which runs along the Japan Sea Coast, Its surface is almost covered by pine-groves and some parts are cleared or cultivated. Fig. 1, 2 and 3 are the temperature distribution maps. When we compare these maps with each other, we can find a similar type of isotherms between Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, especially at the area near the coast line. It is also approved by the statistical tests. So, we can conclude that the local temperature distribution after the passing of cold front resembles to that of the morning when the minium temperature occurs. After the passing of cold front, the temperature falls about 1°C on the coast, and about 2°C at the inland station on the sand-dune with the distance of 1 km from the coast (See Fig.4). It is considered to be the effect of the distribution of land and sea.View full abstractDownload PDF (551K) -
1953 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 169-178_1
Published: April 01, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: December 24, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1538K)
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