Today, the problems of management centers of cities has attracted our attention in the field of urban economics and urban geography, since management centers of cities has been considered that they are related to the growth of cities.
In this article, economic management centers, which are regarded as the most important functions in the capitalistic country of Japan, are considered and analyzed.
At first, each city's economic management area is investigated and established. The result is shown in this article. (Fig. 1) Attention must be paid to the areas of the cities that are generally regarded as regional centers in Japan, such as Sapporo, Sendai, Tokyo, Nagoya, Osaka, Hiroshima, Takamatsu, Fukuoka, Kyoto, Toyama and Kanazawa.
Next, the investigation was made to the situation of economic management centers which are listed in the directory of firms and enterprises issued by Bureau of Statistics, Office of the Prime Minister. The author selected those functions which exactly manage the area of the city as mentioned above, and weighted them by the amount of pref ectural income distri-buted. Then the value is regarded as the magnitude of the economic management centers of the city. In this case, the head offices are considered that they manage all over the country and the branch offices are thought to manage the above area.
Consequently, a rank-size curve of the magnitude of the economic management centers of the city was drawn to show the hierarchy of the city, but the result was not clear (Fig. 3)
And the gap can be seen between Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya, Fukuoka, Yokohama, Sendai, Sapporo, Hiroshima, Kyoto, Kobe, Kawasaki, Kitakyushu and other cities. (of course, Tokyo is unsurpassed.) Lastly an analysis was given to the correlation between the magnitude of economic management centers of cities and the economic activities of the management area of cities. (Fig. 4) Wholesale sales, manuf actural shipment, amount of clearings, bank deposit, bank loan and population size are selected as the criteria for economic activities.
A high positive values are gained from the correlations. As expected, it is demonstrated that the magnitude of economic management centers of the city should be investigated with the area of the city. Also, a high coefficient was to be seen about the relationship with population. But the relationship with population should be considered carefully. Because the economic management centers of cities are considered to be a primary factor for population growth, but it does not apply to all cities. It applies only to Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya, Fukuoka, Yokohama, Sendai, Sapporo, Hiroshima, Kyoto, Kobe, Kawasaki, and Kitakyushu, which are regional centers of contemporary Japan.

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Die Klimaentwicklung in der Jungpostglazialzeit in Nordjapan ist nach pollenanalytischen Untersuchungen bekannt.
Die Pollendiagramme der früheren Jungpostglazialzeit rind durch starke Ausbreitung des Eichenmischwaldes, insbesonders Quercus, gekennzeichnet. Das Klima dieser Zeit war velhä-ltnismäβig warm. Es ist meistens mit dem von A. Blytt (1876) geprägten Namen Subboreal bezeichnet.
Nach dieser W armzeit f olgte das Subatlantikum, das durch den allmahlichen Rückgang von Quercus und die zunehmende Ausbreitung von Fagus and Cryptomeria gekennzeichnet ist. In dieser Zeit änderte sick das Klima plötzlich, wurde kühler und feuchter, und die na-cheiszeitliche Warmzeit ging zu Ende.
Nach der Radiokarbondatierung hat sick ergeben, daβ die Zeitgrenze zwischen Subboreal uud Subatlantikum etwa 2, 500 B. P. liegt and dem jüngsten Jômon-Zeitalter entspricht.

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