Numerous scars of debris avalanches origin are found on slopes of Tanzawa Mountains, central Japan (Fig. 2). Most of them are originated in debris-avalanching triggered by the Kanto Earthquake of September 1, 1923, and have remained wasted until now, because continuous erosion has not yet allowed vegetation to be established there.
The author made an observation of the occurrence of denudation around the scars from March in 1979 to September in 1973 and estimated the process and rate of debris production since 1923.
The observed scar called Higonosawa Scar, which has four subscars, A-, B-, C- and D-scars, is of dendritic pattern and located on a steep slope facing southeastward of Mt. Karasuo (1136m) (Figs. 1, 3, 4). The slope is composed of very intensely weathered and shattered tufaceous rocks, overlaid by volcanic ash 2 to 3 meters in thickness at the top of the slope (Figs. 5, 6).
Whereas the A-scar was shaped by slumping of volcanic ash layers, the time of which is unknown, the B-, C- and D-scars were formed by debris avalanching in 1923.
The author measured the rates of retreat of lateral cliffs of the scars by painting the rock surfaces and also the amount of debris deposited in the scars (Figs. 8, 9). In the C-and D- scars, the debris production from lateral rocky cliffs began in autumn and was dominant in winter to early spring in his observation period. It was observed that small rocks fell down when snow melting and volcanic ash layers were collapsed from marginal cliffs of the scars by frost work in that season. The depositional area shown in Fig. 5 was filled with those debris by the end of June each year. In July and August torrential rainfalls of “Bai-u” and typhoons collapsed volcanic ash layers into blocks. The blocks and the debris, which had already accumulated on the depositional area of the scars, were transported in the form of mud-flow down to the main stream through a small valley. The debris production and deposition in the scars were repeatedly observed every year in a similar manner.
In conclusion, debris were produced from lateral cliffs in winter, deposited temporarily in the scars and eroded away by stream flows in summer. The alternating debris produc-tion and transportation occurs periodically from year to year. Having small lateral cliffs composed of volcanic ash layers, the A-scar has only a little debris production and transportation. The debris production and geomorphological changes were still less in the vegetated B-scar.
The total amount of debris produced in the C- and D-scars was 70 m3 annually (Table 1). The cummulative amount of debris produced during approximately 50 years in those scars was compared with the amount of the catastrophic debris avalanches in 1923.
By this erosiona 1 process is the scar of debris avalanche origin expanding upward and sideward from their initial depression of the shape of a spoon.

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This paper aims at an analysis of the industrial aspect of the regional structure in the case of the Kami-Ina district, Nagano Prefecture, Central Japan, where the electronic parts industry has been developed. The electronic parts industry is labor-intensive, depending much on cheaper labor force. Main factories usually contract a part of the manufacturing processes, mainly those of lower productivity, with many subcontract factories. In this respect, the arrangement of production organization becomes hierarchical, being composed of main factories, branch factories, subcontract factories and housewife-laborers. Spatially speaking, the hierarchical production organization forms a kind of circular structure, that is to say, some of the main factories or finished-goods factories are located in the central urban area of the region and some of the branch factories are located in the intermediate zone, whereas in the surrounding rural areas many subcontract factories are scattered.
In respect to the structure of the labor force of the electronic parts industry in this region, female laborers are more numerous than male ones in almost all factories. The larger the scale of the factory is, the younger female laborers work and the smaller the scale of the factory is, the more the housewife-laborers work. Almost all of those who work at home are housewives.
In respect to the relationship between the factories and the farm villages, it can be said that larger-scale factories located in the central urban area gather younger laborers from the surrounding farm villages. Small-scale subcontract factories located in the rural areas gather housewife-laborers from smaller farm. In many cases, the seasonal housewife-laborers from larger farms are not employed by small-scale subcontract factories in the rural area.
Compared with villages on the terrace of the Tenryu River, the farm villages below the terrace tend to draw more housewife-laborers, of more aged generation in general, for food and wooden-ware industries, decreasing the number of employies in electronic parts industry.

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Der Bauplan der neugebauten Bauernhäuser hat sich mit den Änderungen der Lebensweise der Bauern ziemlich in Japan verändert. Urn das klarzumachen, sind drei Siedlungen in Nordjapan genau untersucht worden, and zwar Asahi, Kita- und Minami-nagashida. Sie gehören zum Stadtkreis Miyazaki-machi in der Präfektur Miyagi. Die Gesamtzahl der Häuser beträgt 87. In der vorliegenden Mitteilung wird hauptsächlich der Bauplan der modernen Bauernhäuser mit dem der traditonellen verglichen.
Zur Errichtung der neuen Bauernhäuser werden irn allgemeinen moderne Baumaterialien verwandt. So sind die moderne Bauernhäuser auch nach ihrem Aussehen von der traditionellen zu unterscheiden.
Wenn man auch einige Übereinstimmungen zwischen alten and neuen Bauernhäusern hinsichtlich des Grundrißes findet, z. B. eine Aufteilung der Gesamtwohnfläche in vier mehr oder weniger gleich große Zimmer, eine großräumige Wohnstube, zwei fensterlose ausseiten usw, bemerkt man aber einige merkwurdigen Unterschiede zwischen alten and neuen Bauernhäusern. Nach dem traditionellen Bauplan des Bauernhauses befindet sich der Raum zum Einstellen des Viehs innerhalb des Hauptgebäudes, das Badezimmer sowie die Toilette hingegen neben dem Hauptgebäude.
In modernen Bauernhäusern befindet sich umgekehrt keiner Raum zum Einstellen des Viehs innerhalb des Hauptgebäudes, wohl aber das Badezimmer sowie die Toilette, and zwar in seinem nordöstlichen Teil. Außerdem gibt es nicht wenige neue Bauernhäuser mit Wohnzimmer im Vorderteil, die in alter Bauernhäusern unbekannt sind. Neuerdings gibt es immer mehr zweistöckige Bauernhäuser, in deren Obergeschoß Wohnzimmer sind.
Im Vergleich mit den alien Bauernhäusern sind also die modernen im allgemeinen zimmerreicher. Die Zimmer haben heute jeweils bestimmte Funktionen wie Küche, Speisezimmer, Empfangszimmer, Schlafzimmer usw. Fur nicht wenige moderne Bauernhäuser sind schöne Hausflure kennzeichnend.

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