Where cities are studied on the basis of the regional, and spatial concept, there should be notified, on the way of city evolution, an undeniable existence of the two groups, that is, the Central City group and the Non-central City group. In this article, the researcher classifies the cities into two different city groups of Central Cities and Non-central Cities, and ponders about the regional part which the two City groups are playing, and intends to clarify the significance of the spatial order which governs the formation of cities.
By utilizing the population census, the commerce census, and the establishment census during the two periods, 1955-1960, the researcher has proved in the abstract space that Central Cities and Non-central Cities belong to their respective categories that are quite different from each other on the points of function, structure, and the history of development, and has made the concept diagram of the city patterns. The cities used in this research are 122 cities whose population of Densely Inhabited Districts amounted to more than 50, 000 in the Census of the year 1960.
The researcher, for the purpose of analyzing the cities, has applied the following two methods: (1) the growth and spatial potentiality model, and (2) the contact (groups of human beings) and accessibility model. The application of these methods has enabled the researcher to classify the cities into the two groups, one of which is the group of Central Cities supported by the basic functions that show the notable relations between growth and potentiality and between contact and accessibility, and the other of which is the group of Non-central Cities having no such relation at all, such as industrial cities, suburban cities, sightseeing cities and declining cities. If Central Cities were to be a ‘function’ between the social and economical development of our country and the growth of City Regions, suburban cities could be said to be a ‘function’ of the growth of Metropolises, and industrial cities and sightseeing cities to be a ‘function’ between the development of our national land spatial usability. If cities are to be regarded as ‘nodal regions’, Non-central Cities need to be handled with great care, because the Non-central Cities, which have been built up in relation to the whole of the national land and in subordination to Metropolises, such as industrial cities, sightseeing cities, old naval port cities, and suburban cities, are very weak in centrality and have extremely small and narrow city regions. Indeed, such cities do exist in administration, but when viewed from the point of regional functions, the worth of existence of these cities is very low. Therefore, in order to distinguish these Non-central Cities from Central Cities, would it not be more effective to handle such Non-central Cities as ‘Industrial Areas’, ‘Sight-seeing Areas’, and ‘Suburban Areas’?

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The urban and the rural land uses are competing with each other in the metropolitan area. The present writer has pointed out the necessity of the adjustment between the urban and the rural land uses on the basis of the wide-area land readjustment for the purpose of drawing up the programs of urbanization in the metropolitan area around Nagoya City on the lower basin of the Kiso River.
The urbanization in this area has been remarkable especially since 1955; the population in the area, 10-20kms. around Nagoya City (Kanayama), increased during the year 1955-64 about 30-35 percent resulting the marked decrease of farm land (fig. 1). The number of the farm houses decreased from 60, 211 (1960) to 57, 248 (1965) and the rate of the specialized farming households showed a half reduction from 28.8 percent to 14.4 percent of the total farm-households.
Meanwile the farmers have been carrying out two movements against the trend of urbanization: one is the organization of side work farmers by agricultural co-operation activities (e. g. in the rural area of Nagoya, Ichinomiya and Bisai cities) and the other is the active agricultural management by the land readjustment and the introduction of big tractors in the low damp land (“rice plus vegetables” type land-use in the division of the agricultural area in fig. 2). We must therefore remark the various forms of the adaptation for land readjustment, considering the difference of the influence of urbanization on agriculture in each areas.
The percentage of the readjusted land is 38.6 percent……the total of the cultivat ed area is 40, 415 ha. and the readjusted area 15, 632 ha. (1899-1960) ……according to our investigation.
But the aims of land readjustment up to the present are, in many cases, the raising of the farm rent by the landowners (esp. in the natural levee regions, 1-10 meters above the sea), the improvement of water service and sewerage and the settlement after the disasters such as Ise Bay Typhoon (esp. in the delta districts, 0 meter above the sea) (fig. 3).
It is quite recently that the land readjustment has been executed for the urbanizing factors such as the development of cities and the building of railways and roads. We have picked up the cases of land readjustment in the rice district (Onogi section, Nagoya city) and the field-and mulberry-growing-district (Kochino section, Konan City). The result of our investigation shows that the land prices have risen, that the number of side work farmers has increased, and that the residential sections have been remarkably developed, in those districts (figs. 6 and 9).
Those cases shows the common characteristics so far as the land readjustment is considered as the preparation for urbanization. Without programs of land readjustment, the conditions of cultivation would be worse and the residential sections would naturally sprawl. But the land readjustment only for the agricultural management without any consideration of urbanization would be forced to be readjusted by the development of cities. In short we must prepare the policy to adjust synthetically the planning techinques of roads, the size of sections and land consolidation as the principal elements of land readjustment for the prospective cities (e. g. in fig. 11) and to change the rural land readjustment to the urban land readjustment according to the process of urbanization.

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In this article the author is concerned with the problems of recent transformations in the Chukyo industrial area, i. e., the area in and around Nagoya. In the analyses of statistical data for 1956, 1960 and 1963, the author considers as industrial those municipalities which have more than twenty-six employees per sq. km. in the manufacturing industry. The importance of heavy industry in each industrial municipality is measured by the percentage of its share in the total industrial output. The Chukyo industrial district is then divided into three areas: the heavy industrial zone, the quasi-heavy industrial zone and the light industrial zone. The heavy industrial zone, in which heavy industry represents more than 50 per cent of the total industrial products in that zone, has the southern half of Nagoya as its central part, and also covers Kariya and Toyota in the east and Kuwana and Yokkaichi in the south-west. Especially, the areas from the eastern suburbs of Nagoya to the Kariya-Toyota area are now forming a continuous industrial zone, in which the pace of industrialisation is rapid. The quasi-heavy industrial zone, in which heavy industry represents 25-30 percent of the total industrial products in that zone, covers the northern and western parts of Nagoya arriving up to Kagamihara through Inuyama in the northern direction and up to Kuwana through Kanie in the west. Most of these districts were formerly represented by the cotton industry or non-industrial activities.
The function of Nagoya in the Chukyo industrial area is a central one and is quite remarkable: many kinds of materials used especially in the machinery industry of this area are supplied by large plants of the metal, machinery and chemical industries in Nagoya. The subcontractors who have close relations with Nagoya are found mainly within a radius of 40 km. from Nagoya. This limit may be considered an important criterion in deciding the geographical demarcation of the Chukyo industrial area.
From 1955 to 1964, the share of industrial employees in the total population has decreased in the areas of ceramic and textile industries and increased in the area of heavy industries. This shows clearly the trends of industrialisation in the Chukyo industrial area.

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