In this paper, the writer reports the natural structure and functions of the delta-shindens in YATSUSHIRO Compound Deltaic Coastal Plain in Kumamoto Prefecture.
Almost all Japanese deltas were reclaimed in the front margins of deltas where remarkable differences inheight were seen between. the rise and fall of a tide since Edo Era, the late Feudal Age. New Shindens were advanced everytime the salt-grass-marsh grew at the front of the older shindens in the front margins of such river deltas as R. Edo, R. Kiso, R. Asahi, R. Takahashi, R. Chikugo and R. Kuma Deltas.
It is very important for the shindenthe reclaimed rice-fields at, the front margins of deltas to be constructed with a Natural organic structure in order to check the invasion of the rise tide, to drain the surplus water of older shindens and to irrigate the new shindens.
1), SIOYOKE-TSUTSUMIA dike checking the rise-tide. It was constructed, by the labours of the peasant of the Feudal Lord who presented the capital and the material for reclamation. These peasants. were given the perpetual lease and levied land-tax in rice.
2), Irrigation of delta-shinden. These peasants acquired the irrigation water, from the drainage-water of older shindens and Hondens, and joined in an, irrigation water utilization association. In the lower part of a river invaded. by the tide, they utilized the well-water, in the upper part of it the riverwater arrested by the rise tide. Where irrigation water is poorly available, new shindens were given less water than older shindens. In case, theyjointed in the irrigation water utilization association, new shinden presented ten times as large area to older shinden by way of compensation for that occupied by there water-course in older shinden, or bought the land for the water-course from the Honden, and paid land-tax to their Feudal Lord. When the drainage area of one river, was divided into two sections, each of which has its own different Land Lord, it was very. difficult for the lower villages to reclaim new shinden or to join old irrigation water utilization association by the objection of the upper part which was ruled by the other Feudal Lord.
3), Drainage of surplus water of Delta-Shinden. Surplus water of older shinden were drained into the new shinden, and accumulated in the pond named Akusui-Damari in all day and night. The surplus water drained from the Akusui-Damari of the newest shinden, for only 4 hours, at two fall tide period in a day. Delta-Shinden had the drainage right on the front salt-marsh of delta. This narrow land remained as IRIKAWA-the artificial river between the older shinden and the newer, when newer shindene were. reclaimed in front of the older shinden.
In the Yatsushiro Compoud Deltaic Coastal Plain the newer shindens were reclaimed after 170_??_190 years at the front of the older shindens in the early Edo Era, so that arid delta shindens were changed to the deep muddy rice-fields little by little. It gave very heavy agricultural labours and a decrease of harvests to the peasants who were levied the tax on rice. There were many peasants who escaped the shindens and resulted in decreased. income for their Feudal Lord. These deep muddy rice-fields-old delta-shindens-were due to the difficulty of draining the surplus water in the older delta shinden as a result of growing accumulation of soil and sand which were transported by the rivers embanked in the eary Edo Era. At the front of the older delta-shindens, then, newer shindens were reclaimed and they advanced on in front of the older shindens, in order to keep dry rice field from becoming deep muddy rice-field and to mitigate the high pressure of population in the Feudal Village as well as the poverty of the Feudal Lord.

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1. The study of 'the organization of coal mine industry (constituting factor), as a premise to the growth of industry, is important for the industrial development in present Japan. For, this reason, I have taken up the case of coal mines in Northern Kyushu, (Chikuho), explained where the problem exits, and having considered the order of importance in the composition of prime cost, discussed the following three points: (1) Nature of labor factor. (2) Obtainment and consumption of essential material. (technicality of management.) (3), Marketability. 2. As for the nature of labor power, labor range and form of mustering based on labor composition may be considered. The topographical and geological difference affects the length of mine shaftt and the number of blasting, and thus determines the labor distribution. The birth place of worker and the method of mustering determine the scope of labor range and the quality of the workers, and further condition the growth of coal mine industry. 3. The main point of the nature of technical management exists in the condition of obtaining and consuming essential material. Capital and national policy affect mining efficiency and control the growth. The difference in sectional distribution has occured due to the effects of these conditions. Here exists the geographical factor. 4. The distance of the market affects the coal price and controls the development of related industries; This charactetistic appears as the amount of shipment from this region ; and. the fact that the quality and substance of it vary in each gun (district) and ku (ward) has been noted. This difference is due to geographical reasons. 5. From the above mentioned, it may be considered. that between geological factor (A) and productive conditions .(labor B, Market -C) there exists a. correlation of A:B:C. The balance and alternation of there factors are the causes of growth, and of which varied effects appear in each gun and ku. Consequently, for industrial development the proper arrangement of coal mine industry is deemed necessary.

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In this paper, glacial eroded landforms on the northern slopes of Mt. Kita-Hotaka are reported on the basis of the new data from the author's surveys in July and Sept. 1950.
1) The glacier which formed “Okiretto Cirque” may have been consisted of two cirque glaciers, stream-directions of which were contrary to each other, that is, one to the south, and the other to the north.
2) The author found out two cirques on the northern slope of the Eastern Ridge of Mt. Kita-Hotaka and they stand side by side with the southern part of Okirreto Cirque.
3) One of them has been formed on a terrace-like even landform at 2700m. alt. just below the top of Mt. Kita-Hotaka. Its cirque wall is called “Northern Buttress, ” and the moraine lies east to west in a straight line.
4) The other is in further east, and its cirque bottom is at 2400m. alt.. There is a series of roche moutonné over the top part of the valley wall of Hidari-mata Valley, and, among folds of roche moutonné, six small traps are scattered one by one. These rock faces are perfectly scoured by glacial erosion, and we can point out many flutings there. Except this place, a series of roche moutonué having completely scoured face is reported only from “Tengu-bara Cirque” in the Japan Alps. The cirque bottom, which is not filled up by taluses developing from cirque walls, shows perfectly reversed slope caused by glacial deepening action that has no report in Japan up to present time,
5) Okirreto, 2700m. alt., is the only lowest part in the Yari-Hotaka main ridge, and a cause of this topography may have been due rather to the presence of even lower landforms before glacial time than to the result of glacial erosion. It is supposed that glacial action in this vicinity were in effect on the even topography having stretched with the altitude of 2400-2700m. before glacial period.
6) We can suppose two glacial periods from the distribution of moraines in the Okirreto Cirque, they, however, may have been equal to substages in one glacial age in Europe or N. America.
7) These glacial features are rather fresh, and the degree of destruction of them is still imperfect, but moraines are stained by limonite on the surface.

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The author measured the small fluctuations of the local winds affected by the topography, and found their mechanism. in a small valley (Fig. 1) at Nishiura, Shizuoka Prefecture. Observation was made on March 21, 1952, and the locations of the observed points on the cross-section of the valley are shown in the lower part of Fig. 2. Instruments were set at a height of 120cm above the ground. Using the results observed. every 1 minute at the 4 observation points, isopleths are drawn as shown in Figs. 2 and 3. Analysing these data, conclusions are abstracted as follows.
1) From the beginning to the end of the Qbservation, N-NE winds with a velocity of about 2m/s were prevailing. But calms appear at intervals of 25±3 minutes (e. g. A, B, C in Fig. 3), and weaker winds appear in the middle of their time (e. g. a, b in Fig. 3).
2) SE-SSE winds at the station No. 2 blow 3_??_4 minutes after the calms or weaker winds, and stronger NE winds (>3m/s) blow 1_??_2 minutes after the, SE-SSE winds. Therefore, we consider that the down-valley SE-SSE winds blow at regular intervals when the prevailing E-NE winds become calm or weaker.
3) So, it can be concluded that the sea breezes or the valley winds blowing N-NE at the valley bottom and NE-E at the valley slope have a periodicity at the observed time under small pressure gradient and in fine weather.
4) Mean wind directions and their variance manifested as a confidence interval at every station are calculated as shown in Table 1. The Variance at station No. 4 is two times greater than each of those of the other stations.
5) The gustiness of wind speed _??_ of every 10 minutes, their mean for 1 hour and their variances at all stations are given in Table 2. The greatest varience is found at station No. 2. It is remarkable that the station having the greatest variance of the wind velocity does not coincide with the station having that of the wind direction.

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