Cerebrovascular disease is a chronic disease which relates not only to some specific pathological factors but also to many regional elements. After World War II, cerebrovascular disease has been the primary cause of death in Japan (Fig. 1) and its mortality (C. D. M.) has shown obvious regional variance. The purpose of this study is to present and grasp the regional variance of C. D. M, in Japan.
The first step of the analysis was the observation of regional variance of C. D. M. in Japan. Standardized motry ality ratio (SMR) was adopted in this study as the index of C. D. M., which was calculated with the number of deaths for cities, towns and villages (1968-1974). Then the polynominal trend surface analysis was applied to analyze the general regional pattern.
The second step was to classify the C. D. M. regions, which were defined by the combination of regional elements related to C. D. M., into several types in order to easily grasp the regionality of C. D. M. regions. To this end the residual from the 6 th order trend surface was analyzed.
Lastly, in order to explain the regional patterns of C. D. M. in Japan, the relationship between C. D. M. and temperature in winter which seemed to be one of the main factors of C. D. M. was considered.
Main results obtained are as follows:
1. The general regional pattern of C. D. M. in Japan is higher to east and lower to west. The 6 th order trend surface of C. D. M, shows the regional pattern which is the highest in the Tohoku district and the lowest in the Inland Sea district. But the C. D. M. of Hokkaido is the lower district in eastern Japan and that of Kyushu is the higher district in western Japan (Fig. 2).
2. The analysis of the residual from the 6 th order trend surface shows six types of C. D. M. regions (Figs. 3 and 4, Table 2):
A type: positive residual in high death region
B type: negative residual in high death region
C type: positive residual in low death region
D type: negative residual in low death region
E type: no residual in high and low death region
F type: medium death region
In general, A and C types, characterized by higher death rates, are located in mountainous regions, while B and D types with lower death rates are found in plains.
3. As the result of regression analysis, about 50 per cent of the regional variance of C. D. M. are explained by temperature in winter (Fig. 5). It means that C. D. M. is affected by the man's exposure to lower temperature. Hokkaido, however, deviated from this relation-ship. It is probably because its living conditions, including the degree of room heating, eating habits, etc., are much different from those in other regions in Japan.

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In order to establish a geochronological standard during the late Quaternary in the inner zone of Southwest Japan, this study investigates the marine and fluvial terraces along the northeast coast in the eastern part of Seto Inland Sea, i.e., Harimanada.
The results obtained are summarized as follows:
1. Marine terraces with six different levels develop: they are Meimi I, Yamatedai, Kane-gasaki, Uozumi, Nishiyagi, and Maiko terraces in descending order. Fluvial terraces having two levels also develop: Meimi II and Ikawadani terraces (Fig. 6). The deposit of each marine terrace is about 10m thick and suggests that the marine terraces in this area were formed at the transgressional period during the Late Quaternary (Fig. 5).
2. The Meimi I terrace is considered to have been built during interstadial about 170ka (1 ka=1, 000yr B. P.) on the basis of the absolute age of the volcanic ash embedded in the terrace deposits (Fig. 14). The Yamatedai, Kanegasaki, Uozumi and Nishiyagi terraces were built during the last interglacial about 120ka and subsequent interstadials in the Late Pleistocene. The estimation of these ages is based on the characteristics of their terrace deposits and the sequence of geomorphological development of this area. The Maiko terrace is presumed to be the Holocene marine terrace judging from the height distribution.
3. The fan shaped development of the Meimi II terrace indicates that the terrace was formed during the regressional period toward the low stand of sea level at Riss Glacial, i. e., during the period between 170ka and 120ka. Ikawadani terrace is a river terrace which is dated back to about 10ka in ¹⁴C age.

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The purpose of this paper is to make clear the aspects of urbanization and greenery conservation policy, especially the woodland preservation project by the greenery conservation ordinance of the Yachiyo municipal government, and the landowners, response to the situation in Yachiyo City situated in Tokyo's suburban area, Chiba prefecture. The results obtained are summarized as follows.
Urbanization front has already passed through Yachiyo City and its population growth has been settled, but a great deal of greenery has been lost mainly because of the development of residential districts. Yachiyo municipal government, which is putting emphasis on the improvement of living environment, established “The Ordinance of the Greenery Conservation of Yachiyo City;” in 1975, which attempts to preserve these remaining private woodlands in the built-up area. Now, 15.6 percent (57 sites, about 24. 1 hectares) of the total woodlands which remain in the urbanization promotion area within the city planning district, has been designated as “Environmental Conservation Woodland” by the ordinance. To these designated woodland owners, the government pays for the maintenance expenses. But the municipal property tax and the urban planning tax of these areas have been rising, due to the increasing land value. In order to overcome these difficulties, almost all woodland owners (farmers) hope to cancel these designated contracts and to change it either to farmland whose tax is much lower or to a parking area which can earn cash income.
In order to preserve the remaining woodlands in the built-up area positively for the future, the municipal government either has to purchase these lands or has to put more strict restrictions on the land use by applying the “Urban Open Space Conservation Law” enforced in 1974, or some other people have to purchase these lands by the institution of “National Trust”. In any case, in the present situation, it seems almost impossible for the budget of the municipality to purchase these expensive woodlands.

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During the World War II, scientific activities were highly stagnated as was experienced in all other circles. Even afterwards, several years had been needed for the revival of peace and the reconstruction of industrial and political systems that were achieved by the international cooperation. Therefore, all the branches of sciences reactivated in about 1950. Hence in this study we start from 1950. This study is made up by the following two parts; (I) developmentt in the whole world and (II) development in Japan, which covers the period from 1950 to 1970 and from 1950 to 1975 respectively.
For the selection of original papers, reports and other kinds of climatological publications, . “Meteorological Abstracts and Bibliography”, later renamed “Meteorological and Geoastrophysical Abstracts”, published monthly by the American Meteorological Society was adopted in I. It included about 6, 400 climatological papers during the period from 1950 (Vol. l) to 1970 (Vol. 21).
The indvidual papers were published from various countries in many languages, but most of them are written in English or have English summary. Papers in Russian rank the second. The linguistic distribution (%) of the climatological papers in this publication was as follows:
English 60.3% Russian 23.4
German 10.8 French 4. 0
Italian 1.0 Spanish 1.0
For the classification of the climatological items or sections, the author used the International Decimal Classification Numbers which made this task very easy. Namely, climatology belongs to 551.58 and is classified into the following order.
551.581 Latitude influence 551.582 Climate of particular place
551.583 Climatic change
551.584 Microclimatology
551.585 Climatic classification
551.586 Biometeorology-Bioclimatology
551.587 Upper air climatology
551. 588 Environmental influences
551. 589 Synoptic climatology
However, these titles or contents were not always fixed and coherent during all the period from 1950 to 1970. That is, in earlier years 551.581 belonged to the climatic zone and 551.585 to the climatic type instead of the upper divisions. But it is considered that such a slight change was inevitable because of the progress and development of the recent studies. In this way, all the papers were classified for every item in each year and tabulated in Table 2.
In the second part for Japan, eight journals and reports published by the Geographical Meteorological Societies, the Meteorological Agency of Japan and the Meteorological Research Institute were used. In this process we had totals of 1751 climatological papers during the periodd from 1950 to 1975, which were classified into the following ten categories. In this case, however, divis- ion of items was slightly altered paying due regards to the progress and growth of the present studies. The following table is the result for the frequency numbers of respective items.
(1) Climatological publications, text-books and reports concerning general problems 32
(2) Climatic elements 252
(3) Dynamic climatology 147
(4) Seasons, climatic landscape 67
(5) Meso-, local- and microclimatology 165
(6) Heat balance and water balance 39
(7) Climatic classification, climatic notation 16
(8) Climatic fluctuation, climatic change 102
(9) Climate of particular place or climatography 850
(10) Applied climatology including related and bordering sciences 81
In conclusion, the number of climatological papers and publications tends to increase in the world as well as in Japan. It was especially so since 1965 in the former (I), whereas in the latter (II) it was most remarkable during the last period from 1975 to 1930. Those for every item in each year are shown in Table 2.
The author wishes that this preliminary work will be extended to the further stages by other cooperators.

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