The so-called Honshu arc, the main part of Japan, was formed as the result of a ‘peri-Japan-Sea’ tectonic movement. The arc is divided geologically into two parts north-eastern and south-western Japan, by a line drawn from Itoigawa to Shizuoka. The Noto Peninsula and Sado Island, which are similar in form and on the concave side of the arc, were both elevated by this movement.
At the eastern end of South-Eastern Japan, we observe several mountain ranges arranged en échelon. The uplift of the Kaga-Mino range extends northwards and joining that of the peri-Japan-Sea movement, formed the great Noto Peninsula. At Sado Island, however, the two blocks that compose the island were elevated parallel with the tectonic features of the main part of the Honshû arc. Therefore Sado has remained an island.
In consequence of periodical uplifts of land, a step-like topography is developed extensively in the two districts. These steps are wider on the peninsula than on the island, but are at higher levels on the island than on the peninsula.

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Last year the harvest was poor in every district in Japan, especially in the Northeastern district of the Mainland and in Hokkaidô. The total rice yield in the Northeastern district and Hokkaidô is estimated as only onehalf that of normal years. There may be several causes of the poor harvest, such as typhoon, droughts, etcRI believe the poor harvest of the last year was due to low temperatures and reduced hours of sunshine. I have drawn 12 climatic maps based on data recorded in the Monthly Bulletin of the Central Meteorological Observatory, Tokyo.
From Figs. 7 and 8 we can easily understand that the climatic couditions that prevailed during June and July, 1931, were very unfavorable for the rice crop. The zones of -2.0 C and below it as the mean deviation of air temperature during June and July and those of -10% and below it as the mean deviation of sunshine percentage during June and July, are Aomori and Iwate Prefectures and Hokkaido. These zones correspond to the districts where the rice harvest was very poor.
I think that the reasons for low temperatures and lesser sunshine in Japan during June and July last year are as follows: As we can see in Fig. II, the center of the anticyclone in June was situated in the Okhotsk Sea, its barometric reading being above 761mm. Usually in June the anticyclone occupies the offing of the Sanriku district, resulting in the rainy season in Japan : but last year the center of the anticyclone migrated farther northwards and cold air was brought in by north-easterly winds.
During July last year the distribution of air pressure resembled that of ordinary years, but the weak high pressure zone still remained in the Okhotsk Sea, and that as many as twenty-five cyclones visited Japan, so that dull weather prevailed during nearly the whole of July. The original cause of the unfavorable climate was undoubtedly the abnormal high pressure that prevailed over the Okhotsk Sea during June last year.

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We are already familiar with certain papers in which the division of geographical landscape has been treated more or, less fully. For example, those of S. de Geer (1928) in Baltoskandia and J. G. Granö (1929, 1931) in Estnia and Finland. But they, refered also to many other factors, such as the climatological, geological, historical, economical, etc., Lesides the morphological factor in landscape. In this paper the writer treats only of the mo phological factors and attempts a division on that basis of the districts of Mt. Aso and .Mt. Fuji, the two famous and widely known volcanoes of Japan, using a topographical map, scale 1:50, 000 (Fig. 4).
(1) Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 merely show the outlines of the two mountains.
(2) Each of the six figures of Fig. 5 shows respectively a factor on which the division of the landscape (Fig 4) is based; namely the settlements, the rice-fields, the vegetable-fields, the bamboo groves, the grass-lands, and the forests. Any factors of the same kind out of the six just-mentioned and 'variously distributed, are connected by lines in two different ways; at distances 0.5km apart and 1km apart, the first with broken lines and the second with full lines.
(3) In. Fig. 6 are shown the six different factors that have been connected with broken lines (right) and with full lines (left). Where the lines connecting the various factors approach each other in the map, and there are more than four such lines within a distance of 0.5km from each other, the areas are shaded, but when not less than two and not mare than three such' lines approach each other within 0.5km, the area is stippled.
(4) When the foregoing shaded areas are connected with a line, we obtain the boundary of what we may call a geographical province. When a line is drawn through the middle of the stippled area, we then have what we may call a geographical territory. When either the broken lines or the full lines (Fig. 16) intersect and bound-an area not more than 0.5km apart, we may regard the lines as bounding a geographial tract. Fig. 6 shows the region of Fig. 4 divided according to the three foregoing boundary lines.
(5) Fig. 8 shows in ottline the division of the whole atrio of Mt. Aso. Fig. 2 shows in outline the division of the whole district of Mt. Fuji. The same method as used in Fig. 4 to Fig. 7 was used for Figs. 2 and 8.

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