The interstices in the lower zone of the loam and gravel beds in the eastern part of the Musasino Upland is filled with ground water, but those in the upper part of gravel bed in the western part are beyond the water table. At the time of the drought in the spring of 1938, the ground water in the gravel beds of the northwestern part of the upland separated into the main body of the ground water, the scanty water resting upon a thin clay stratum between thick gravel beds. There is a true perched water zone which fills the lower part of the loam bed underlying the thin clayey loam bed. Confined wells, which are however not discussed in the present paper, are rarely met with on the upland at present.
Owing to small precipitation in the previous season, the level of the water table of the main ground water table sank during the spring of 1938. Some of water table wells in the northeastern part of the upland dried up for about three months. The writer has drawn contour maps of the three kinds of water tables of of that time (Fig. 2, 3). The water table of the eastern part was from 5 to 10m and that
of the western part was 15 from to 25m below the surface. There are several perched water zones in the latter part, where the water table was only a few meters below the surface even during the drought. They may be called “oasises” in the upland, where there are some rural settlements dating back to older times.
There was heavy rain (over 600mm) between June 28 and July 4, 1938. The water table of the upland rose from 3 to 12m. At several places, the ground water stagnated the surface and destroyed the vegetables cultivated there. The upper part of the main water body, united with the lower part and formed a great thickness of water in wells that were dug in the northwestern part of the upland.

View full abstract

This article is based on observations and data collected during my visit to Peking in the autumn of 1938.
1) Peking as the capital of the Han-culture. (Han is the crown name of cultural China) _??_pp. 213-18_??_.
Important descriptions: (A) Town wall and the reason why it has been required, on the contrary to Japanese towns which have had no, wall _??_p. 241-_??_.
(B) Races which set Peking as their capital were the Manchurians Mongolian, and Turkistan people, but town planning of Peking has been derived of Chow, and has very intimate relation to Chang-an and Loyang, two old capitals of the proper chinese states.
2) The Plan of Peking _??_pp. 218-25_??_
(A) The difference between Peking or Fengtien and Kyôto or Changan as to the situation of imperial palace (Fig. 1, 2, 3) (B) Compari-sion of the length of wall on 5 different maps of Peking _??_p. 220-_??_. (C) Classification of roads _??_p. 222-_??_: (i) Tache (Large street), (ii) Che (Street), (iii) Hoton (Side street, most developed name of mongolian origin), Kow, and etc., (iv) Fang, Wan., Kan, and etc. (these mean engulfed places). (D) Systems of roads (Fig. 9).: (a) Regular Hoton-system, (b) Irregular system composed of roads of (iii) and (iv) types (c) Pseudo radial system in the south castle
3) The Elevation of Peking _??_pp. 225-230_??_
Peking is called the capital of Sophora which, mixed with other trees such as ulms and willows, make a green ocean when, one views from Chingshan at the north end of the Tzu-chin-chemg palace.
Important descriptions: (A) Residential houses _??_p. 225-_??_, one house-type, Su-ho-fang is illustrated in Fig. 10. (B) Retail streets _??_p. 226-_??_. After the classification of Japan Commercial and Industrial Congress, varieties of shops in. Wong-pu-ching near the Legation quarter re-sembles to Ginza in Tôkyô, showing a cosmopolitan character compared to Dahshi-lan, the most thriving retail centre in Peking, of which shops are almost typical Chinese (Fig. 12).
4) The increase of population from 1925 to 35, is 24.2% and in the year of 1935 it amounts to 1, 573, 200 of which 1.1 million live in the wall and others are in suburbs. Kyôto and Nagoya, one million cities in Japan are able to be compared to Peking-proper, but they show 30.8% and 41.7, increase respectively in the same period. The comparision of occupational population is described in page 231 (see the table), and it shows that Peking has a very small percentage, of manu-facturing population, i. e. 7.7%. In near future Peking will be enlarged in the suburb for the use of manufacture and residence.

View full abstract